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EM TopicsProcedural & diagnostic ED skills

EM · Procedural & diagnostic ED skills

Foreign body removal in the emergency department

Also known as Foreign body removal · Soft tissue foreign body · Corneal foreign body · Aural foreign body · Nasal foreign body · Button battery removal · Rust ring removal · Splinter removal

Foreign body removal in the ED across the four anatomical compartments — the soft tissue FB (the wood splinter, the glass shard, the metal shaving, the needle), the ocular FB (the metallic rust ring, the conjunctival FB under the upper lid), the aural FB (the bead, the live insect, the cotton-bud tip, the button battery), and the nasal FB (where the button battery is a time-critical emergency). The technique spine — local anaesthetic, a sterile field, the right instrument (forceps, hook, needle), and a systematic wound exploration — is shared, but each compartment has its own equipment, its own pitfalls, and its own escalation trigger. The imaging logic is radio-opaque versus radiolucent: an X-ray for the metal and the glass, a high-frequency ultrasound for the wood and the plastic. The post-removal care is tetanus assessment, wound toilet, and antibiotics only for the contaminated, the bite, and the plantar puncture. The differential on every case is retained versus resolved — and the worst error is to discharge a patient with a residual fragment and a developing infection. ACEM-primary, globally tagged.

medium26 referencesUpdated 26 July 202618 min readVerification in progress

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ACEMFRCEMABEMFRCPCCCFPEMEBEEM

Red flags

  • A button battery in the ear, the nose, or the oesophagus is a time-critical emergency — electrolysis at the negative pole generates hydroxide and produces a liquefactive alkaline necrosis within hours; remove immediately, never observe
  • Wood and plastic are radiolucent and are missed on a plain X-ray — image a suspected retained wooden splinter with a high-frequency ultrasound, or it will declare itself as a late necrotising infection
  • An intraocular foreign body is NEVER removed in the ED — shield the eye, keep the patient nil by mouth, give intravenous antibiotics, and refer to ophthalmology for theatre
  • A spherical smooth FB (a bead, a bean) in the ear canal cannot be grasped with forceps — forceps push it deeper and impact it; use irrigation, suction, or cyanoacrylate glue on an applicator stick
  • Never pull a live insect from the ear without killing it first — drown it in oil or lidocaine, then remove the dead insect; a struggling insect abrades the canal and the tympanic membrane
On this page

Related topics

  • Wound assessment and management
  • Wound closure and suturing techniques
  • Local anaesthesia and topical agents
  • Foreign body ingestion and aspiration — coins, button batteries, magnets and the choking child
  • Procedural sedation in the emergency department
  • Paediatric trauma — the modified approach
  • Fracture and dislocation reduction in the ED
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Your progress

Saved on this device.

Practise this topic8 MCQs with explanations

Target exams

ACEMFRCEMABEMFRCPCCCFPEMEBEEM

Red flags

  • A button battery in the ear, the nose, or the oesophagus is a time-critical emergency — electrolysis at the negative pole generates hydroxide and produces a liquefactive alkaline necrosis within hours; remove immediately, never observe
  • Wood and plastic are radiolucent and are missed on a plain X-ray — image a suspected retained wooden splinter with a high-frequency ultrasound, or it will declare itself as a late necrotising infection
  • An intraocular foreign body is NEVER removed in the ED — shield the eye, keep the patient nil by mouth, give intravenous antibiotics, and refer to ophthalmology for theatre
  • A spherical smooth FB (a bead, a bean) in the ear canal cannot be grasped with forceps — forceps push it deeper and impact it; use irrigation, suction, or cyanoacrylate glue on an applicator stick
  • Never pull a live insect from the ear without killing it first — drown it in oil or lidocaine, then remove the dead insect; a struggling insect abrades the canal and the tympanic membrane
The one-line answer

Foreign body removal is one technique spine across four compartments — soft tissue, ocular, aural and nasal — built on anaesthesia, a bright light, a sterile field, the right instrument, and a systematic exploration. The Fellowship traps are three: the material (wood and plastic are radiolucent — image with ultrasound or you will miss them), the smooth-spherical rule (never forceps a bead — hook behind it), and the one true emergency (the button battery, whose electrolysis liquefies tissue within hours). The intraocular foreign body is never removed in the ED — shield and refer.[1][2][7]

Meet the patient

A 54-year-old insulin-dependent diabetic presents 48 hours after stepping on a wooden splinter barefoot in the garden. A 5 mm plantar puncture, surrounding erythema, warm and tender — but he can weight-bear, and he is afebrile. The registrar orders a plain X-ray of the foot, reads it as clear, and prepares to discharge.[2][8]

Stop. Wood is radiolucent — the clear film is falsely reassuring, and the retained splinter will declare itself days later as a necrotising soft-tissue infection. The history mandates a high-frequency ultrasound, not an X-ray.[2][9]

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References26ShowHide
  1. [1]Carneiro BC, Cruz IAN, Chemin RN, et al. Multimodality Imaging of Foreign Bodies: New Insights into Old Challenges Radiographics, 2020.PMID 33136481
  2. [2]Chaulagain U, Gyawali S, Pokhrel KM, et al. Missed Wooden Perineum Foreign Body Leading to Extensive Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection: A Case Report Clin Case Rep, 2026.PMID 41550391
  3. [3]Xu P, Lim JK Managing corneal foreign body injuries in a primary eye care setting Clin Exp Optom, 2026.PMID 40174878
  4. [4]Ng SM, Leslie L, Tzang CC, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2025.PMID 41017778
  5. [5]Ponnuvelu K, Saniasiaya J, Abdul Gani N Intriguing aural foreign body and algorithm of management of foreign body BMJ Case Rep, 2021.PMID 34400422
  6. [6]Morris S, Osborne MS, McDermott AL Will children ever learn? Removal of nasal and aural foreign bodies: a study of hospital episode statistics Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2018.PMID 29968507
  7. [7]Heilig Y, Tsarfati Y, Gete M, et al. Long-term outcomes following nasal button battery foreign body injuries in children: a 10-year retrospective analysis of 45 patients Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2026.PMID 41985339
  8. [8]Chachad S, Kamat D Management of plantar puncture wounds in children Clin Pediatr (Phila), 2004.PMID 15094944
  9. [9]Osborne K, McLean TJ, Heiner JD, et al. Special Forces Medics Ability to Identify Wooden Foreign Bodies by Point-of-Care Ultrasound J Spec Oper Med, 2025.PMID 39621007
  10. [10]Kavanagh KT, Litovitz T Miniature battery foreign bodies in auditory and nasal cavities JAMA, 1986.PMID 3951081
  11. [11]Meyer TJ, Grunz JP, Taeger J, et al. Systematic analysis of button batteries', euro coins', and disk magnets' radiographic characteristics and the implications for the differential diagnosis of round radiopaque foreign bodies in the esophagus Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2020.PMID 32032915
  12. [12]Mubarak A, Benninga MA, Broekaert I, et al. Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Button Battery Ingestion in Childhood: A European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Position Paper J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2021.PMID 33555169
  13. [13]Litovitz T, Whitaker N, Clark L, et al. Emerging battery-ingestion hazard: clinical implications Pediatrics, 2010.PMID 20498173
  14. [14]Blanch RJ, McMaster D, Patterson TJ Management of open globe injury: a narrative review Eye (Lond), 2024.PMID 39085596
  15. [15]Rosenberg PH, Veering BT, Urmey WF Maximum recommended doses of local anesthetics: a multifactorial concept Reg Anesth Pain Med, 2004.PMID 15635516
  16. [16]Roback MG, Wathen JE, MacKenzie T, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of i.v. versus i.m. ketamine for sedation of pediatric patients receiving emergency department orthopedic procedures Ann Emerg Med, 2006.PMID 17052563
  17. [17]Heilbrunn BR, Chang TP, Liu DR A retrospective comparison of ketamine dosing regimens for pediatric procedural sedation Eur J Emerg Med, 2015.PMID 25706045
  18. [18]Green SM, Roback MG, Kennedy RM, et al. Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation: 2011 update Ann Emerg Med, 2011.PMID 21256625
  19. [19]Botma M, Bader R, Kubba H 'A parent's kiss': evaluating an unusual method for removing nasal foreign bodies in children J Laryngol Otol, 2000.PMID 11027049
  20. [20]McLaughlin R, Ullah R, Heylings D Comparative prospective study of foreign body removal from external auditory canals of cadavers with right angle hook or cyanoacrylate glue Emerg Med J, 2002.PMID 11777871
  21. [21]Havers FP, Moro PL, Hunter P, et al. Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2019 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020.PMID 31971933
  22. [22]Eidelman M, Bialik V, Miller Y, et al. Plantar puncture wounds in children: analysis of 80 hospitalized patients and late sequelae Isr Med Assoc J, 2003.PMID 14509132
  23. [23]Gharavifard M, Boroumand Reza Zadeh B, et al. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Intravenous and Intramuscular Ketamine for Pediatric Procedural Sedation and Analgesia Emerg (Tehran), 2015.PMID 26495383
  24. [24]Torp KD, Metheny E, Simon LV Lidocaine Toxicity StatPearls, 2026.PMID 29494086
  25. [25]Song A, Yang Y, Henein C, et al. Topical antibiotics for treating bacterial keratitis: a network meta-analysis Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2025.PMID 40728038
  26. [26]Tan C, Rayner M, Eiselen C, et al. Ophthalmic trauma: First-line management in primary care Aust J Gen Pract, 2026.PMID 42392210

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Related topics

  • Wound assessment and management
  • Wound closure and suturing techniques
  • Local anaesthesia and topical agents
  • Foreign body ingestion and aspiration — coins, button batteries, magnets and the choking child
  • Procedural sedation in the emergency department
  • Paediatric trauma — the modified approach
  • Fracture and dislocation reduction in the ED