EM · Procedural & diagnostic ED skills
Foreign body removal in the emergency department
Also known as Foreign body removal · Soft tissue foreign body · Corneal foreign body · Aural foreign body · Nasal foreign body · Button battery removal · Rust ring removal · Splinter removal
Foreign body removal in the ED across the four anatomical compartments — the soft tissue FB (the wood splinter, the glass shard, the metal shaving, the needle), the ocular FB (the metallic rust ring, the conjunctival FB under the upper lid), the aural FB (the bead, the live insect, the cotton-bud tip, the button battery), and the nasal FB (where the button battery is a time-critical emergency). The technique spine — local anaesthetic, a sterile field, the right instrument (forceps, hook, needle), and a systematic wound exploration — is shared, but each compartment has its own equipment, its own pitfalls, and its own escalation trigger. The imaging logic is radio-opaque versus radiolucent: an X-ray for the metal and the glass, a high-frequency ultrasound for the wood and the plastic. The post-removal care is tetanus assessment, wound toilet, and antibiotics only for the contaminated, the bite, and the plantar puncture. The differential on every case is retained versus resolved — and the worst error is to discharge a patient with a residual fragment and a developing infection. ACEM-primary, globally tagged.
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- Wound assessment and management
- Wound closure and suturing techniques
- Local anaesthesia and topical agents
- Foreign body ingestion and aspiration — coins, button batteries, magnets and the choking child
- Procedural sedation in the emergency department
- Paediatric trauma — the modified approach
- Fracture and dislocation reduction in the ED
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Red flags
- A button battery in the ear, the nose, or the oesophagus is a time-critical emergency — electrolysis at the negative pole generates hydroxide and produces a liquefactive alkaline necrosis within hours; remove immediately, never observe
- Wood and plastic are radiolucent and are missed on a plain X-ray — image a suspected retained wooden splinter with a high-frequency ultrasound, or it will declare itself as a late necrotising infection
- An intraocular foreign body is NEVER removed in the ED — shield the eye, keep the patient nil by mouth, give intravenous antibiotics, and refer to ophthalmology for theatre
- A spherical smooth FB (a bead, a bean) in the ear canal cannot be grasped with forceps — forceps push it deeper and impact it; use irrigation, suction, or cyanoacrylate glue on an applicator stick
- Never pull a live insect from the ear without killing it first — drown it in oil or lidocaine, then remove the dead insect; a struggling insect abrades the canal and the tympanic membrane
Meet the patient
A 54-year-old insulin-dependent diabetic presents 48 hours after stepping on a wooden splinter barefoot in the garden. A 5 mm plantar puncture, surrounding erythema, warm and tender — but he can weight-bear, and he is afebrile. The registrar orders a plain X-ray of the foot, reads it as clear, and prepares to discharge.[2][8]
Stop. Wood is radiolucent — the clear film is falsely reassuring, and the retained splinter will declare itself days later as a necrotising soft-tissue infection. The history mandates a high-frequency ultrasound, not an X-ray.[2][9]
References26ShowHide
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