EM · Foreign body ingestion and aspiration
Foreign body ingestion and aspiration — coins, button batteries, magnets and the choking child
Also known as Button battery ingestion · Coin ingestion · Magnet ingestion · Foreign body aspiration · Inhaled foreign body · Choking child · Ingested foreign body
Foreign body ingestion and aspiration — the two anatomic compartments and the time-critical objects. Ingestion: coins (oesophageal impaction at the three physiological narrowings, urgent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy), button battery (an EMERGENCY — electrolysis and liquefaction necrosis of the oesophageal wall within hours, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy within 2 hours, the double-ring and halo sign on X-ray, honey and sucralfate as a bridge, aortoesophageal fistula as the lethal complication), and magnets (attraction across bowel walls with pressure necrosis, perforation and fistula — emergency removal when two or more are present). Aspiration: sudden choking, stridor, monophonic or fixed wheeze, and asymmetric air entry, distinguished from croup, epiglottitis and asthma, with back blows and chest thrusts for the choking infant (abdominal thrusts for the child over one year) and rigid bronchoscopy as the gold standard. ACEM-primary, globally tagged.
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8 MCQs with explanations
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Meet the patient
A three-year-old is brought in drooling, refusing to drink, pointing to his lower neck. The parents found him with an open remote-control battery compartment. The chest film shows a 20 mm disc at the aortic crossover.[2]
The registrar books it for the next available endoscopy list. Stop. That disc is a button battery, and an oesophageal battery is one of the few true endoscopic emergencies — liquefaction necrosis is already underway, and the clock is measured in hours, not days.[1][2]
You have read the opening of this topic. The complete unit — every section and its primary-source references — is part of the Emergency Medicine fellowship atlas.
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- [1]Kramer RE, Lerner DG, Lin T, et al. Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: a clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2015.PMID 25611037
- [2]Litovitz T, Whitaker N, Clark L, White NC, Marsolek M. Emerging battery-ingestion hazard: clinical implications Pediatrics, 2010.PMID 20498173
- [3]Jatana KR, Litovitz T, Reilly JS, Koltai PJ, Rider G, Jacobs IN. Pediatric button battery injuries: 2013 task force update Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2013.PMID 23896385
- [4]Mubarak A, Benninga MA, Broekaert I, et al. Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Button Battery Ingestion in Childhood: A European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Position Paper J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2021.PMID 33555169
- [5]Nezhentsev A, Neville JJ, Hall NJ Diagnosis and management of paediatric magnet ingestion: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines Emerg Med J, 2026.PMID 41381185
- [6]Cole S, Wilkinson S, Kubba H Rigid bronchoscopy is the gold standard management of inhaled foreign bodies in children: myth or maxim? Breathe (Sheff), 2026.PMID 42344147
- [7]Quitadamo P, Di Napoli L, Lerro F, et al. Insert-Coin: A Prospective Study of Coin Ingestion in Children of Southern Italy Am J Gastroenterol, 2024.PMID 39787368
- [8]Bieliński JR, Huntley R, Dunne CL, et al. Do We Actually Help Choking Children? The Quality of Evidence on the Effectiveness and Safety of First Aid Rescue Manoeuvres: A Narrative Review Medicina (Kaunas), 2024.PMID 39597012
- [9]Hoagland MA, Ing RJ, Jatana KR, et al. Anesthetic Implications of the New Guidelines for Button Battery Ingestion in Children Anesth Analg, 2020.PMID 30829672