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Paeds Topicsclinical-assessment-and-reasoning

Paeds · clinical-assessment-and-reasoning

Continuity of care and the paediatric medical home

Also known as Paediatric medical home · Patient-centred medical home children · Care coordination paediatrics · Relational continuity · Longitudinal primary care children

A fellowship approach to continuity of care and the paediatric medical home: relational, informational and management continuity; care coordination; loop closure after ED and hospital care; foster care and transition; equity and regional models across ANZ, UK, US and Canada.

high35 referencesUpdated 11 July 202615 min readVerification in progress

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Target exams

RACP General PaediatricsRACP DWERACP DCEMRCPCH TheoryMRCPCH ClinicalABP General PediatricsRCPSC Pediatrics

Red flags

  • No named medical home or usual clinician for a child with medical complexity
  • Open-loop specialty referrals with no result or plan returned
  • Repeated ED or hospital use without primary-care loop closure
  • Conflicting care plans, unreconciled medicines or missing emergency information form
  • Caregiver carrying unpaid full-time coordination with exhaustion or unsafe gaps
  • Adolescent with chronic disease approaching adult age without transition plan
  • Foster or kinship placement change with incomplete records and no medical home assigned

Life stages

neonateinfanttoddlerpreschoolschool-ageadolescentyoung-adult-transition

Care settings

preventive-medical-homecommunity-schooloutpatientwarded-acuterural-remotetelehealth

Clinical exam formats

written-onlyracp-dce-long-caseracp-dce-short-casemrcpch-history-managementmrcpch-communicationrcpsc-structured-oral

Board mappings

  • General and Community Paediatrics
  • Current 2026 PREP curriculum — Learning Objective 1.2.1: Communicate with a child or young person in a way which is appropriate to the position of that child within their own culture
  • Current 2026 PREP curriculum — Learning Objective 1.2.2: Communicate with parents or carers
  • Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 5: Clinical assessment – essential general paediatrics
  • Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 6: Clinical management – essential general paediatrics
  • Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 12: Communication with patients, families, and health professionals
  • Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 14: Regional, rural, and remote paediatric care
  • Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 15: Essential general paediatrics
  • Clinical Applications
  • Long Cases
  • Short Cases
  • 2. Professional skills and knowledge: Communication
  • 4. Professional skills and knowledge: Patient management
  • 6. Leadership and team working
  • 7. Patient safety, including safe prescribing
  • General Paediatrics: Assumes the role of Acute Paediatric Team Leader, liaising with primary care services and other hospital and community specialist teams to effectively manage and coordinate patient flow, staffing, safety and quality in the paediatric acute assessment and inpatient units
  • Foundation of Practice (FOP)
  • Applied Knowledge in Practice (AKP)
  • History
  • Communication
  • Clinical
  • General Pediatrics Content Outline — Domain 1: Preventive Pediatrics/Well-Child Care
  • General Pediatrics Content Outline — Domain 24: Patient Safety, Quality Improvement, and Research Methods
  • General Pediatrics EPA 8: Executing Clinical Handovers Within or Across Settings
  • General Pediatrics EPA 10: Leading Interprofessional Teams to Provide Collaborative, Family-Centered Care
  • General Pediatrics EPA 11: Promoting Equitable Care at the Level of Each Individual Patient and the Population to Address Racism and Other Contributors to Health Inequities
  • Systems-Based Practice 3: System Navigation for Patient Centered Care – Coordination of Care
  • Systems-Based Practice 4: System Navigation for Patient-Centered Care – Transitions in Care
  • Interpersonal and Communication Skills 1: Patient- and Family-Centered Communication
  • Interpersonal and Communication Skills 2: Interprofessional and Team Communication
  • Interpersonal and Communication Skills 3: Communication within Health Care Systems
  • Patient Care 5: Patient Management
  • Collaborator
  • Leader
  • Health Advocate
  • Pediatrics: Foundations EPA #10 — Transferring clinical information between health care providers during handover
  • Pediatrics: Foundations EPA #11 — Coordinating transitions of care for non-complex pediatric patients
  • Pediatrics: Core EPA #11 — Coordinating transitions of care for patients with medical or psychosocial complexity
On this page
Study tools

Your progress

Saved on this device.

Practise this topic

  • Short-answer question1
  • Viva station1
  • Clinical case1

Target exams

RACP General PaediatricsRACP DWERACP DCEMRCPCH TheoryMRCPCH ClinicalABP General PediatricsRCPSC Pediatrics

Red flags

  • No named medical home or usual clinician for a child with medical complexity
  • Open-loop specialty referrals with no result or plan returned
  • Repeated ED or hospital use without primary-care loop closure
  • Conflicting care plans, unreconciled medicines or missing emergency information form
  • Caregiver carrying unpaid full-time coordination with exhaustion or unsafe gaps
  • Adolescent with chronic disease approaching adult age without transition plan
  • Foster or kinship placement change with incomplete records and no medical home assigned

Life stages

neonateinfanttoddlerpreschoolschool-ageadolescentyoung-adult-transition

Care settings

preventive-medical-homecommunity-schooloutpatientwarded-acuterural-remotetelehealth

Clinical exam formats

written-onlyracp-dce-long-caseracp-dce-short-casemrcpch-history-managementmrcpch-communicationrcpsc-structured-oral

Board mappings

  • General and Community Paediatrics
  • Current 2026 PREP curriculum — Learning Objective 1.2.1: Communicate with a child or young person in a way which is appropriate to the position of that child within their own culture
  • Current 2026 PREP curriculum — Learning Objective 1.2.2: Communicate with parents or carers
  • Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 5: Clinical assessment – essential general paediatrics
  • Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 6: Clinical management – essential general paediatrics
  • Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 12: Communication with patients, families, and health professionals
  • Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 14: Regional, rural, and remote paediatric care
  • Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 15: Essential general paediatrics
  • Clinical Applications
  • Long Cases
  • Short Cases
  • 2. Professional skills and knowledge: Communication
  • 4. Professional skills and knowledge: Patient management
  • 6. Leadership and team working
  • 7. Patient safety, including safe prescribing
  • General Paediatrics: Assumes the role of Acute Paediatric Team Leader, liaising with primary care services and other hospital and community specialist teams to effectively manage and coordinate patient flow, staffing, safety and quality in the paediatric acute assessment and inpatient units
  • Foundation of Practice (FOP)
  • Applied Knowledge in Practice (AKP)
  • History
  • Communication
  • Clinical
  • General Pediatrics Content Outline — Domain 1: Preventive Pediatrics/Well-Child Care
  • General Pediatrics Content Outline — Domain 24: Patient Safety, Quality Improvement, and Research Methods
  • General Pediatrics EPA 8: Executing Clinical Handovers Within or Across Settings
  • General Pediatrics EPA 10: Leading Interprofessional Teams to Provide Collaborative, Family-Centered Care
  • General Pediatrics EPA 11: Promoting Equitable Care at the Level of Each Individual Patient and the Population to Address Racism and Other Contributors to Health Inequities
  • Systems-Based Practice 3: System Navigation for Patient Centered Care – Coordination of Care
  • Systems-Based Practice 4: System Navigation for Patient-Centered Care – Transitions in Care
  • Interpersonal and Communication Skills 1: Patient- and Family-Centered Communication
  • Interpersonal and Communication Skills 2: Interprofessional and Team Communication
  • Interpersonal and Communication Skills 3: Communication within Health Care Systems
  • Patient Care 5: Patient Management
  • Collaborator
  • Leader
  • Health Advocate
  • Pediatrics: Foundations EPA #10 — Transferring clinical information between health care providers during handover
  • Pediatrics: Foundations EPA #11 — Coordinating transitions of care for non-complex pediatric patients
  • Pediatrics: Core EPA #11 — Coordinating transitions of care for patients with medical or psychosocial complexity
The fellowship answer

Continuity means the child is known over time, information travels with them, and one coherent plan is managed across settings. The paediatric medical home is the team that delivers accessible, continuous, comprehensive, family-centred, coordinated care—not merely a clinic building or a single visit. If the child is unstable, treat life threats first. Then name the medical home, close open loops, and stop leaving coordination as unpaid caregiver labour. [1] [2] [12]

Overview & Definition

Imagine a school-age child with asthma who sees a different doctor every winter flare. Each clinician restarts the story. Inhaler technique is never checked against the last admission. The mother carries a plastic bag of clinic letters. That is not continuity, even if every visit was competent in isolation. [1] [4]

Continuity of care is the degree to which a patient experiences care as connected and coherent over time. Haggerty’s multidisciplinary review separates three domains you must name in exams: relational, informational and management continuity. Relational continuity is an ongoing therapeutic relationship. Informational continuity is the use of information on past events and circumstances. Management continuity is a consistent approach to managing a health condition, especially when several clinicians are involved. [1] [27]

The paediatric medical home is the operational home for that continuity. Historically it grew from care models for children with special health care needs and expanded toward every child. The core idea is a usual source of care that is accessible, continuous, comprehensive, family-centred, coordinated, compassionate and culturally effective. A building with a paediatric sign is not automatically a medical home. [2] [3]

Access is not continuity

Getting an appointment next week is access. Seeing a clinician who knows the child’s baseline, holds the problem list and owns follow-up is continuity. Families need both. Measuring only open slots can hide relational collapse. [1] [23]

From first contact to a functioning medical home

  1. 1

    Name the home

    Identify the usual primary clinician or team and confirm the family knows how to reach them.

  2. 2

    Map the network

    List specialists, hospital teams, school supports, equipment suppliers and legal decision-makers.

  3. 3

    Reconcile facts

    Align medicines, allergies, outstanding results, growth trajectory and emergency plans.

  4. 4

    Coordinate deliberately

    Track referrals, close loops after ED or ward care, and share one plan in plain language.

  5. 5

    Plan transitions early

    Prepare adolescent-to-adult transfer as a process, not a birthday letter.

[11] [12] [19]
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References35ShowHide
  1. [1]Haggerty JL, Reid RJ, Freeman GK, et al. Continuity of care: a multidisciplinary review. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2003.PMID 14630762
  2. [2]Sia C, Tonniges TF, Osterhus E, et al. History of the medical home concept. Pediatrics, 2004.PMID 15121914
  3. [3]Homer CJ, Klatka K, Romm D, et al. A review of the evidence for the medical home for children with special health care needs. Pediatrics, 2008.PMID 18829788
  4. [4]Christakis DA, Mell L, Koepsell TD, et al. Association of lower continuity of care with greater risk of emergency department use and hospitalization in children. Pediatrics, 2001.PMID 11230593
  5. [5]Christakis DA, Wright JA, Koepsell TD, et al. Is greater continuity of care associated with less emergency department utilization? Pediatrics, 1999.PMID 10103295
  6. [6]Christakis DA, Wright JA, Zimmerman FJ, et al. Continuity of care is associated with high-quality careby parental report. Pediatrics, 2002.PMID 11927727
  7. [7]Christakis DA, Wright JA, Zimmerman FJ, et al. Continuity of care is associated with well-coordinated care. Ambulatory pediatrics : the official journal of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association, 2003.PMID 12643780
  8. [8]Cabana MD, Jee SH Does continuity of care improve patient outcomes? The Journal of family practice, 2004.PMID 15581440
  9. [9]Jee SH, Cabana MD Indices for continuity of care: a systematic review of the literature. Medical care research and review : MCRR, 2006.PMID 16595410
  10. [10]Cooley WC, McAllister JW, Sherrieb K, et al. The Medical Home Index: development and validation of a new practice-level measure of implementation of the Medical Home model. Ambulatory pediatrics : the official journal of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association, 2003.PMID 12882594
  11. [11]McAllister JW, Presler E, Cooley WC Practice-based care coordination: a medical home essential. Pediatrics, 2007.PMID 17766512
  12. [12]Turchi, Renee M Patient- and family-centered care coordination: a framework for integrating care for children and youth across multiple systems. Pediatrics, 2014.PMID 24777209
  13. [13]Kuo DZ, McAllister JW, Rossignol L, et al. Care Coordination for Children With Medical Complexity: Whose Care Is It, Anyway? Pediatrics, 2018.PMID 29496973
  14. [14]Cohen E, Quartarone S, Orkin J, et al. Effectiveness of Structured Care Coordination for Children With Medical Complexity: The Complex Care for Kids Ontario (CCKO) Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA pediatrics, 2023.PMID 36939728
  15. [15]de Banate MA, Maypole J, Sadof M Care coordination for children with medical complexity. Current opinion in pediatrics, 2019.PMID 31290774
  16. [16]Van Orne J Care coordination for children with medical complexity and caregiver empowerment in the process: A literature review. Journal for specialists in pediatric nursing : JSPN, 2022.PMID 35671389
  17. [17]Tschudy MM, Raphael JL, Nehal US, et al. Barriers to Care Coordination and Medical Home Implementation. Pediatrics, 2016.PMID 27507894
  18. [18]Price J, Brandt ML, Hudak ML Principles of Financing the Medical Home for Children. Pediatrics, 2020.PMID 31871247
  19. [19]White PH, Cooley WC Supporting the Health Care Transition From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Medical Home. Pediatrics, 2018.PMID 30348754
  20. [20]Conners GP, Kressly SJ, Perrin JM, et al. Nonemergency Acute Care: When It's Not the Medical Home. Pediatrics, 2017.PMID 28557775
  21. [21]Strickland B, McPherson M, Weissman G, et al. Access to the medical home: results of the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs. Pediatrics, 2004.PMID 15121916
  22. [22]Boudreau AA, Perrin JM, Goodman E, et al. Care coordination and unmet specialty care among children with special health care needs. Pediatrics, 2014.PMID 24864172
  23. [23]Stille CJ, Raphael JL, Carle AC, et al. Relationship-focused vs. Structural Activities in Medical Home Measurement in Pediatrics. Maternal and child health journal, 2018.PMID 29926246
  24. [24]Mohanty S, Wells N, Antonelli R, et al. Incorporating Patient- and Family-Centered Care Into Practice: The PA Medical Home Initiative. Pediatrics, 2018.PMID 30135086
  25. [25]Parast L, Burkhart Q, Gidengil C, et al. Validation of New Care Coordination Quality Measures for Children with Medical Complexity. Academic pediatrics, 2018.PMID 29550397
  26. [26]Baker R, Freeman GK, Haggerty JL, et al. Primary medical care continuity and patient mortality: a systematic review. The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2020.PMID 32784220
  27. [27]Guthrie B, Saultz JW, Freeman GK, et al. Continuity of care matters. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2008.PMID 18687724
  28. [28]Haggerty JL, Roberge D, Freeman GK, et al. Experienced continuity of care when patients see multiple clinicians: a qualitative metasummary. Annals of family medicine, 2013.PMID 23690327
  29. [29]Simms MD, Dubowitz H, Szilagyi MA Health care needs of children in the foster care system. Pediatrics, 2000.PMID 11044143
  30. [30]Szilagyi, Moira A Health Care Issues for Children and Adolescents in Foster Care and Kinship Care. Pediatrics, 2015.PMID 26416941
  31. [31]Beem AA, Batlivala C, Norwood AA School-Based Health Centers as the Pediatric Expanded Medical Home. The Journal of school health, 2019.PMID 31529500
  32. [32]Russell CJ, Simon TD Care of children with medical complexity in the hospital setting. Pediatric annals, 2014.PMID 24977678
  33. [33]Barger B, Salmon A, Moore Q Medical Home, Developmental Monitoring/Screening, and Early Autism Identification. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2024.PMID 37477840
  34. [34]Khalsa IK, Chan DK Medical Home Care for Children with Deafness and Hearing Problems. Pediatrics, 2024.PMID 39267599
  35. [35]Kuhlthau KA, Bloom S, Van Cleave J, et al. Evidence for family-centered care for children with special health care needs: a systematic review. Academic pediatrics, 2011.PMID 21396616

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