Anaes SAQs · Applied cardiovascular & respiratory physiology
Glomerular filtration and tubular function
Primary — GFR about 125 mL per min, filtration fraction about 20 percent; Starling determinants and afferent/efferent tone; inulin/creatinine clearance; myogenic and tubuloglomerular (macula densa) autoregulation; proximal 65 percent bulk (NHE3, SGLT2); loop NKCC2 countercurrent multiplier; distal ENaC under aldosterone, collecting duct aquaporin under ADH.
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ANZCAFRCAABAEDAIC
Prompt
Define GFR and filtration fraction. Explain how GFR is regulated and outline the principal reabsorptive functions of the nephron segments.
Question
Define GFR and filtration fraction. Explain how GFR is regulated and outline the principal reabsorptive functions of the nephron segments. (Question stem restated — the worked answers below carry the primary-source citations.)
References4ShowHide
- [1]Ayub F, et al. The Physiologic Basis of Acute Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline With Renoprotective Therapies. Mayo Clin Proc, 2026.PMID 42336099
- [3]Nogueira Coelho J, et al. Renal NHE3 is required to limit hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis during dietary potassium deficiency. Pflugers Arch, 2026.PMID 42260191
- [2]Li M, et al. Macula densa-specific NOS1 knockout determines susceptibility to ischemic acute kidney injury. Clin Sci, 2026.PMID 41837645
- [5]Gao Y, et al. Repurposing SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cirrhotic Ascites: From Mechanistic Research to Clinical Exploration. J Clin Transl Hepatol, 2026.PMID 41810110