Anaes SAQs · Applied cardiovascular & respiratory physiology
Endocrine physiology: glucose, thyroid and adrenal
Primary — insulin (only glucose-lowering hormone) vs glucagon and counter-regulatory; thyroid axis (TRH, TSH, T4, T3) and metabolic effects; adrenal cortex (cortisol, aldosterone) and medulla (adrenaline); stress response (cortisol, catecholamines, ADH, hyperglycaemia); adrenal insufficiency and steroid supplementation; GLP-1 agonists.
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ANZCAFRCAABAEDAIC
Prompt
Outline the hormonal control of blood glucose and describe the thyroid and adrenal cortical axes. Explain the endocrine stress response to surgery and its perioperative implications.
Question
Outline the hormonal control of blood glucose and describe the thyroid and adrenal cortical axes. Explain the endocrine stress response to surgery and its perioperative implications.
[5]References4ShowHide
- [1]Shahabian L, et al. Semaglutide Selectively Improves Metabolic and Cognitive Function in 5xFAD Mice. Int J Mol Sci, 2026.PMID 42353032
- [6]da Silva WST, et al. Coat characteristics, physiological traits, serum metabolites, and thyroid hormones of Canindé and Moxotó goats in a semiarid environment. Trop Anim Health Prod, 2026.PMID 42360558
- [5]Serin E, et al. Linking brain structure to stress reactivity: cingulate surface area predicts acute cortisol responses. Psychol Med, 2026.PMID 41943954
- [4]Mancuso C. Carbon Monoxide: A Context-Dependent Regulator of the Stress Axis. Biomolecules, 2026.PMID 42352364