Anaes SAQs · Applied cardiovascular & respiratory physiology
Drug toxicity and adverse drug reactions
Primary — Type A (augmented, dose-dependent, predictable, 80 percent) vs Type B (bizarre, dose-independent, unpredictable); paracetamol/NAPQI/glutathione depletion and N-acetylcysteine; LAST (bupivacaine cardiotoxic, CNS signs then collapse, 20 percent lipid emulsion); perioperative anaphylaxis (NMBA commonest per NAP6, first-line IV adrenaline, tryptase); drug-induced QT/torsades (hERG, magnesium); teratogenicity (valproate); antidotes and pharmacovigilance.
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Prompt
Classify adverse drug reactions and give examples of each type. Outline the mechanism and management of paracetamol hepatotoxicity, local-anaesthetic systemic toxicity and perioperative anaphylaxis.
Question
Classify adverse drug reactions and give examples of each type. Outline the mechanism and management of paracetamol hepatotoxicity, local-anaesthetic systemic toxicity and perioperative anaphylaxis.
[4]References4ShowHide
- [1]Dubrall D, et al. Patterns of adverse drug reaction reporting. Pharmacol Res Perspect, 2026.PMID 42281142
- [2]Guo C, et al. Malic enzyme 1 limits acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Metabolites, 2026.PMID 42346403
- [3]Pham DT, et al. New long-acting local anaesthetics: formulations and safety. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, 2026.PMID 42228505
- [4]Michel MP, et al. Guidelines: Diagnosis and management of perioperative immediate hypersensitivity reactions 2025. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med, 2026.PMID 42335666