Paeds Vivas · acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology
Submersion injury and hypothermia — branching viva
Viva on the rescue-breath-first resuscitation of the drowned child, the Szpilman severity grades, the Swiss hypothermia staging, the rewarming ladder, and the defibrillation and drug rules for hypothermic cardiac arrest.
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This is a profound hypothermic submersion cardiac arrest, and my priorities are to continue high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation, manage the ventricular fibrillation by the hypothermic rules, and escalate to extracorporeal rewarming. The core is 25 degrees, which is Swiss stage four, so I continue compressions, deliver a single shock for the ventricular fibrillation, and withhold further shocks and adrenaline until the core rises above thirty degrees. I remove the wet clothes, dry and insulate him, handle him gently, and arrange extracorporeal rewarming as early as the system allows, because nobody is dead until warm and dead. [5] [9]
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- [1]van Beeck EF A new definition of drowning: towards documentation and prevention of a global public health problem. Bull World Health Organ, 2005.PMID 16302042
- [3]Szpilman D Near-drowning and drowning classification: a proposal to stratify mortality based on the analysis of 1,831 cases. Chest, 1997.PMID 9315798
- [5]Lott C European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation, 2021.PMID 33773826
- [6]Brown DJ Accidental hypothermia. N Engl J Med, 2012.PMID 23150960
- [8]Saczkowski RS Prediction and risk stratification of survival in accidental hypothermia requiring extracorporeal life support: An individual patient data meta-analysis. Resuscitation, 2018.PMID 29580960
- [9]Anadolli V Management of hypothermic submersion associated cardiac arrest in a 5-year-old child: A case report. Resusc Plus, 2021.PMID 34485955