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Paeds Vivasacute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology

Paeds Vivas · acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology

Submersion injury and hypothermia — branching viva

Viva on the rescue-breath-first resuscitation of the drowned child, the Szpilman severity grades, the Swiss hypothermia staging, the rewarming ladder, and the defibrillation and drug rules for hypothermic cardiac arrest.

branching clinical structured oral4 min readVerification in progress

Target exams

RACP DCEMRCPCH ClinicalRCPSC Pediatrics
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Study tools

Target exams

RACP DCEMRCPCH ClinicalRCPSC Pediatrics
Prompt
Emergency department: an 8-year-old is brought in by ambulance after falling through ice into a lake; submersion was approximately thirty minutes; he is cold, pale and pulseless, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is in progress, intraosseous access is in place, the core temperature reads 25 degrees Celsius, and the monitor shows ventricular fibrillation; a skilled nurse and a junior doctor are present.

Opening (candidate)

This is a profound hypothermic submersion cardiac arrest, and my priorities are to continue high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation, manage the ventricular fibrillation by the hypothermic rules, and escalate to extracorporeal rewarming. The core is 25 degrees, which is Swiss stage four, so I continue compressions, deliver a single shock for the ventricular fibrillation, and withhold further shocks and adrenaline until the core rises above thirty degrees. I remove the wet clothes, dry and insulate him, handle him gently, and arrange extracorporeal rewarming as early as the system allows, because nobody is dead until warm and dead. [5] [9]

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References6ShowHide
  1. [1]van Beeck EF A new definition of drowning: towards documentation and prevention of a global public health problem. Bull World Health Organ, 2005.PMID 16302042
  2. [3]Szpilman D Near-drowning and drowning classification: a proposal to stratify mortality based on the analysis of 1,831 cases. Chest, 1997.PMID 9315798
  3. [5]Lott C European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation, 2021.PMID 33773826
  4. [6]Brown DJ Accidental hypothermia. N Engl J Med, 2012.PMID 23150960
  5. [8]Saczkowski RS Prediction and risk stratification of survival in accidental hypothermia requiring extracorporeal life support: An individual patient data meta-analysis. Resuscitation, 2018.PMID 29580960
  6. [9]Anadolli V Management of hypothermic submersion associated cardiac arrest in a 5-year-old child: A case report. Resusc Plus, 2021.PMID 34485955
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