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Paeds Vivasacute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology

Paeds Vivas · acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology

Shock in children: physiology and classification — branching viva

A branching viva following one child from the doorway through recognising compensated shock from the whole child, explaining the compensation-to-collapse physiology, classifying severity and phenotype, applying the fluid-as-a-ceiling principle, escalating to vasoactive support and arrest doses, and giving a structured handover.

branching clinical structured oral7 min readVerification in progress

Target exams

RACP General PaediatricsRACP DCERCPCH Progress+MRCPCH ClinicalABP General PediatricsACGME PediatricsRCPSC Pediatrics
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Target exams

RACP General PaediatricsRACP DCERCPCH Progress+MRCPCH ClinicalABP General PediatricsACGME PediatricsRCPSC Pediatrics
Prompt
A three-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with fever and increasing lethargy. The examiner releases information in stages. The candidate must recognise compensated shock from the whole child, explain why the blood pressure is still normal, grade and classify the shock, drive a fluid-as-a-ceiling strategy, escalate to vasoactive support before local options fail, and describe the transition to the arrest pathway.

Branching cross-examination

This is a MedVellum formative viva. It is not an official RACP, MRCPCH, ABP, ACGME or RCPSC station, mark scheme, duration or pass standard. Release each update only after the candidate states the shock grade, the phenotype, the immediate action and the reassessment endpoint. [1] [6]

Candidate brief

You are the senior paediatric clinician in the emergency department. Speak as you would during resuscitation. Recognise shock from the whole child and the trend, never from a single blood pressure. State the change you expect from each action, and say what you will reassess. This is one continuous case. Each escalation branch leads to the next update. [9]

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You have read the opening of this viva. The complete unit — every section and its primary-source references — is part of the Paediatrics Fellowship fellowship library.

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References7ShowHide
  1. [1]Bjorklund A, Resch J, Slusher T Pediatric Shock Review Pediatrics in review, 2023.PMID 37777656
  2. [2]Fleming S, Thompson M, Stevens R, et al. Normal ranges of heart rate and respiratory rate in children from birth to 18 years of age: a systematic review of observational studies Lancet (London, England), 2011.PMID 21411136
  3. [3]Fleming S, Gill P, Jones C, et al. The Diagnostic Value of Capillary Refill Time for Detecting Serious Illness in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis PloS one, 2015.PMID 26375953
  4. [4]Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, et al. Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection The New England journal of medicine, 2011.PMID 21615299
  5. [5]Weiss, Scott L Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children 2026 Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 2026.PMID 41869844
  6. [6]Topjian AA, Raymond TT, Atkins D, et al. Part 4: Pediatric Basic and Advanced Life Support 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Pediatrics, 2021.PMID 33087552
  7. [9]Davis AL, Carcillo JA, Aneja RK, et al. The American College of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Parameters for Hemodynamic Support of Pediatric and Neonatal Septic Shock: Executive Summary Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 2017.PMID 28723883
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