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Paeds Topicsinvestigations-procedures-and-technology

Paeds · investigations-procedures-and-technology

Simple laceration repair and wound management

Also known as Wound closure · Skin laceration repair · Suturing in children · Tissue adhesive closure · Wound care

A fellowship approach to simple laceration repair and wound management in children covering wound assessment (mechanism, depth, contamination, neurovascular and tendon status, tetanus, and non-accidental injury), painless preparation with LET (lidocaine four percent, epinephrine one in two thousand, tetracaine half percent) applied for twenty to thirty minutes, the safe local anaesthetic maximum doses (lidocaine three milligrams per kilogram plain or seven milligrams per kilogram with adrenaline, bupivacaine two milligrams per kilogram), tap water irrigation equal to sterile saline, the four closure methods (tissue adhesive, sutures, adhesive strips, staples) with selection by tension and site, suture size by body region, suture removal timing, bite wound prophylaxis with amoxicillin-clavulanate, and the family-centred approach to a frightened child.

high12 referencesUpdated 17 July 202621 min readVerification in progress

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Target exams

RACP General PaediatricsRACP DWERACP DCERCPCH Progress+MRCPCH TheoryMRCPCH ClinicalABP General PediatricsACGME PediatricsRCPSC Pediatrics

Red flags

  • A wound on a child who will not let you examine it, or whose story does not fit the injury — consider non-accidental injury and document precisely
  • A laceration over a joint, lip vermillion border, eyelid, face, or involving a tendon, nerve, or vessel — these need senior or specialist assessment, not a simple bedside closure
  • A contaminated wound, a bite, or a wound over six to twelve hours old on the hand or face — higher infection risk; avoid tissue adhesive and consider debridement, delayed closure, and antibiotic prophylaxis
  • Tissue adhesive applied to mucosa, a high-tension wound, a bite, or an infected wound — it will fail, trap infection, and harm the child
  • Exceeding the local anaesthetic maximum dose — lidocaine three milligrams per kilogram plain or seven milligrams per kilogram with adrenaline, bupivacaine two milligrams per kilogram — risks local anaesthetic systemic toxicity with seizures and cardiovascular collapse
  • A child sent home after laceration repair without written wound care advice and a review or removal date — missed infection and retained sutures are preventable

Life stages

infanttoddlerpreschoolschool-ageadolescent

Care settings

ed-acuteoutpatientwardrural-remote

Clinical exam formats

written-only

Board mappings

  • General and Community Paediatrics
  • Procedural skills — wound assessment and simple closure
  • Procedural skills — simple laceration repair and wound management
  • Current 2026 PREP curriculum — Learning Objective: perform practical procedures to a safe standard including wound management
  • Clinical Applications
  • Medical Sciences
  • Procedural skills
  • Short Cases
  • Structured oral — minor trauma and procedural skills
  • 1.4 Safely and appropriately performs practical procedures and uses medical devices
  • 4. Patient management
  • 8. Patient safety
  • Foundation of Practice (FOP)
  • Applied Knowledge in Practice (AKP)
  • Clinical — communication with children and practical procedures
  • General Pediatrics Content Outline — Emergency Medicine and procedural skills
  • Universal Task 4: Management and Treatment
  • Patient Care 1: procedural competency
  • Interpersonal and Communication Skills
  • Medical Expert
  • Communicator
  • Pediatrics: Procedural skill — simple wound management
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Target exams

RACP General PaediatricsRACP DWERACP DCERCPCH Progress+MRCPCH TheoryMRCPCH ClinicalABP General PediatricsACGME PediatricsRCPSC Pediatrics

Red flags

  • A wound on a child who will not let you examine it, or whose story does not fit the injury — consider non-accidental injury and document precisely
  • A laceration over a joint, lip vermillion border, eyelid, face, or involving a tendon, nerve, or vessel — these need senior or specialist assessment, not a simple bedside closure
  • A contaminated wound, a bite, or a wound over six to twelve hours old on the hand or face — higher infection risk; avoid tissue adhesive and consider debridement, delayed closure, and antibiotic prophylaxis
  • Tissue adhesive applied to mucosa, a high-tension wound, a bite, or an infected wound — it will fail, trap infection, and harm the child
  • Exceeding the local anaesthetic maximum dose — lidocaine three milligrams per kilogram plain or seven milligrams per kilogram with adrenaline, bupivacaine two milligrams per kilogram — risks local anaesthetic systemic toxicity with seizures and cardiovascular collapse
  • A child sent home after laceration repair without written wound care advice and a review or removal date — missed infection and retained sutures are preventable

Life stages

infanttoddlerpreschoolschool-ageadolescent

Care settings

ed-acuteoutpatientwardrural-remote

Clinical exam formats

written-only

Board mappings

  • General and Community Paediatrics
  • Procedural skills — wound assessment and simple closure
  • Procedural skills — simple laceration repair and wound management
  • Current 2026 PREP curriculum — Learning Objective: perform practical procedures to a safe standard including wound management
  • Clinical Applications
  • Medical Sciences
  • Procedural skills
  • Short Cases
  • Structured oral — minor trauma and procedural skills
  • 1.4 Safely and appropriately performs practical procedures and uses medical devices
  • 4. Patient management
  • 8. Patient safety
  • Foundation of Practice (FOP)
  • Applied Knowledge in Practice (AKP)
  • Clinical — communication with children and practical procedures
  • General Pediatrics Content Outline — Emergency Medicine and procedural skills
  • Universal Task 4: Management and Treatment
  • Patient Care 1: procedural competency
  • Interpersonal and Communication Skills
  • Medical Expert
  • Communicator
  • Pediatrics: Procedural skill — simple wound management
The fellowship answer

A simple laceration in a child is closed in five ordered steps: assess, clean, anaesthetise, close, and dress. The mistake candidates make is to rush to the needle. Spend ninety seconds on assessment first, because the mechanism, depth, contamination, neurovascular status, and the possibility of non-accidental injury decide everything that follows. [1]

Anaesthetise before you clean or close. The default for a frightened child is topical LET gel (lidocaine four percent, epinephrine one in two thousand, tetracaine half percent) applied into the wound for twenty to thirty minutes, which anaesthetises the skin so that even infiltration and cleaning are painless. If you infiltrate, never exceed the local anaesthetic maximum dose: lidocaine three milligrams per kilogram plain, seven milligrams per kilogram with adrenaline, bupivacaine two milligrams per kilogram. [4] [10]

Choose the closure method by tension and site. Tissue adhesive (two-octylcyanoacrylate) is first choice for clean, low-tension, simple lacerations under five centimetres, but never on mucosa, high-tension areas, bites, or infected wounds. Sutures are for high-tension, deep, or precise-cosmesis wounds (the lip vermillion, the face). Irrigate with tap water, which is as effective as sterile saline, and never forget tetanus status and bite prophylaxis with amoxicillin-clavulanate where it is indicated. [8] [9]

Overview & Definition

Picture a four-year-old brought to the emergency department after falling against a table edge and splitting the skin over her chin. She is frightened, crying, and clutching a bloodstained towel. The task is not just to close a gap in the skin but to repair a wound in a child who will remember the experience for years. Good laceration repair is as much about painless technique, calm communication, and the right closure method as it is about the mechanics of a suture. [1] [3]

A laceration is a tear in the skin and underlying tissue caused by blunt or shearing force, distinct from a clean incision. Simple laceration repair means the assessment and bedside closure of a wound that is superficial enough, clean enough, and in a safe enough location to be managed without an operating theatre or a surgical specialist. The goal of repair is the same as it is for any wound: stop bleeding, remove contamination, approximate healthy tissue under minimal tension, and create the conditions for healing by primary intention while minimising infection, scarring, and the child's distress. [1]

The procedure looks small, but it carries real risks. Infection rates climb with contamination, bites, and delay. Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity is a genuine danger when doses are not calculated against weight. A cosmetic defect on the face lasts a lifetime. And a frightened child who is held down and sutured without adequate analgesia can develop lasting procedural anxiety. The fellowship candidate is expected to demonstrate a methodical, child-centred approach that gets all of this right. [3] [10]

Give the examiner one sentence

Say: "I assess the mechanism, depth, contamination, neurovascular and tendon status, tetanus status, and safeguarding concern, then prepare the child with painless topical anaesthesia, irrigate with tap water, and close with the method that best matches tension and site — tissue adhesive for clean low-tension wounds, sutures for high-tension or precise-cosmesis wounds." Then name the local anaesthetic maximum doses, and you have answered the whole topic. [1] [4]

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References12ShowHide
  1. [1]Duvidovich S, Sanders JE Pediatric wound care in the emergency department Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice, 2025.PMID 40193561
  2. [2]Siu A, Tran NA, Ali S, et al. Pharmacologic Procedural Distress Management During Laceration Repair in Children: A Systematic Review Pediatric Emergency Care, 2024.PMID 37487548
  3. [3]Martin SR, Heyming TW, Fortier MA, et al. Paediatric laceration repair in the emergency department: post-discharge pain and maladaptive behavioural changes Emergency Medicine Journal, 2024.PMID 38724104
  4. [4]Jordan F, Spooner L Topical Anesthetic for Laceration Repair in Children Pediatric Emergency Care, 2023.PMID 36715288
  5. [5]Siembieda J, Heyming T, Padlipsky P, et al. Triple Versus Single Application of Lidocaine, Epinephrine, and Tetracaine for Laceration Repair in Children Pediatric Emergency Care, 2022.PMID 35100752
  6. [6]Resch K, Schilling C, Borchert BD, et al. Topical anesthesia for pediatric lacerations: a randomized trial of lidocaine-epinephrine-tetracaine solution versus gel Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1998.PMID 9832666
  7. [7]Mulcrone AE, Camp EA, Frierson E, et al. Minimal Sedation Use for Laceration Repair in the Pediatric Emergency Department Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2025.PMID 40561621
  8. [8]Quinn JV, Drzewiecki A, Li MM, et al. A randomized, controlled trial comparing a tissue adhesive with suturing in the repair of pediatric facial lacerations Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1993.PMID 8517562
  9. [9]Valente JH, Forti RJ, Freundlich LF, et al Wound irrigation in children: saline solution or tap water? Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2003.PMID 12712026
  10. [10]Saraghi M, Hersh EV Local anesthetic calculations: avoiding trouble with pediatric patients General Dentistry, 2015.PMID 25574719
  11. [11]Faris N, Mesto M, Mrad S, et al. Applying Topical Anesthetic on Pediatric Lacerations in the Emergency Department: A Quality Improvement Project Pediatric Emergency Care, 2024.PMID 37616570
  12. [12]Jakeman M, Oxley JA, Owczarczak-Garstecka SC, et al. Pet dog bites in children: management and prevention BMJ Paediatrics Open, 2020.PMID 32821860

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