Paeds SAQs · clinical-assessment-and-reasoning
Handover, referral and consultation in paediatrics — formative SAQs
Two formative short-answer questions on I-PASS handoff, ISBAR referral, residual risk and equity-safe communication.
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Study tools
Target exams
RACP General PaediatricsRACP DWEMRCPCH TheoryMRCPCH ClinicalABP General Pediatrics
Prompt
Paediatric handover, referral and consultation
SAQ 1 — Night ward I-PASS with residual risk (10 marks)
A 9-month-old with bronchiolitis is on high-flow oxygen. Work of breathing improved earlier but the infant is quieter now. Capillary blood gas is pending. The caregiver says the baby is “not himself.” You are handing over to the night registrar. [1] [4]
Tasks
- Write a complete oral I-PASS handoff for this child (6 marks).
- State two classic handoff failures this vignette risks, and how synthesis by the receiver prevents them (4 marks).
Model answer
I-PASS (must-hit points)
- Illness severity: watcher / potentially unstable respiratory trajectory — quieter after earlier high effort; not a low-risk “stable” label.
- Patient summary: 9-month-old with bronchiolitis on high-flow; earlier improvement then reduced interaction; caregiver concern present.
- Action list: reassess work of breathing and interaction now; chase/own the pending gas; escalate oxygen/support per local pathway if tiring; senior review triggers.
- Situation awareness / contingency: if effort rises, SpO2 falls, or consciousness drops → call senior/MET and prepare escalation; do not be reassured by a single prior improvement.
- Synthesis by receiver: night registrar restates severity, top actions, contingency and gas ownership; you correct gaps.
Failures and prevention
- Omitting severity/contingency or caregiver concern; pending result with no owner; sender monologue.
- Receiver synthesis forces restatement of those items before you leave, catching omissions.
References6ShowHide
- [1]Starmer AJ Changes in medical errors after implementation of a handoff program. The New England journal of medicine, 2014.PMID 25372088
- [2]Finnigan MA ISBAR for clear communication: one hospital's experience spreading the message. Australian health review : a publication of the Australian Hospital Association, 2010.PMID 21108899
- [3]Khan A Patient safety after implementation of a coproduced family centered communication programme: multicenter before and after intervention study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2018.PMID 30518517
- [4]Mills E Association between caregiver concern for clinical deterioration and critical illness in children presenting to hospital: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2025.PMID 40451224
- [5]Boylen S Impact of professional interpreters on outcomes for hospitalized children from migrant and refugee families with limited English proficiency: a systematic review. JBI evidence synthesis, 2020.PMID 32813387
- [6]Chaichotjinda K Assessment of interhospital transport care for pediatric patients. Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 2020.PMID 31477679