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Anaes SAQsLocal anaesthetic pharmacology

Anaes SAQs · Local anaesthetic pharmacology

Additives used to enhance local anaesthetics

Short-answer question on local-anaesthetic additives/adjuvants, their effects and cautions.

10 marks10 min3 min readVerification in progress

Target exams

ANZCAFRCAABAEDAICFCAIFCA_SA
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Target exams

ANZCAFRCAABAEDAICFCAIFCA_SA
Prompt
Outline the additives commonly combined with local anaesthetics, their effects, and their important cautions.

Question

Outline the additives commonly combined with local anaesthetics, their effects, and their important cautions.

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References12ShowHide
  1. [1]Grelowska E, et al. Dexamethasone vs. Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvants to Erector Spinae Plane Block in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial J Clin Med, 2026.PMID 42355681
  2. [2]de Souza PMF, et al. Opioid-sparing analgesia with clonidine versus fentanyl in inguinal hernia repair: a randomized clinical trial Hernia, 2026.PMID 42364024
  3. [3]Henry Schein Inc. LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION, SOLUTION — prescribing information. DailyMed, 2026.Source
  4. [4]Antares Pharma Inc. HYLENEX RECOMBINANT (HYALURONIDASE) INJECTION, SOLUTION — prescribing information. DailyMed, 2026.Source
  5. [5]Fresenius Kabi USA LLC. MORPHINE SULFATE INJECTION, SOLUTION — prescribing information. DailyMed, 2026.Source
  6. [6]Kirksey MA, et al. Local Anesthetic Peripheral Nerve Block Adjuvants for Prolongation of Analgesia: A Systematic Qualitative Review PLoS One, 2015.PMID 26355598
  7. [7]Bailard NS, et al. Additives to local anesthetics for peripheral nerve blocks: Evidence, limitations, and recommendations Am J Health Syst Pharm, 2014.PMID 24534592
  8. [8]Rawal N Intrathecal opioids for the management of post-operative pain Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 2023.PMID 37321761
  9. [9]Palleschi GT, et al. Respiratory depression after administration of single-dose neuraxial morphine for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a retrospective cohort study Int J Obstet Anesth, 2022.PMID 36137450
  10. [10]Hong B, et al. Consistent analgesic effect of intravenous dexamethasone on rebound pain after brachial plexus block: a causal machine learning approach Korean J Pain, 2026.PMID 42357812
  11. [11]Eggleston ST, Lush LW Understanding allergic reactions to local anesthetics Ann Pharmacother, 1996.PMID 8826570
  12. [12]Mohankumar A, Rajan M Role of hyaluronidase as an adjuvant in local anesthesia for cataract surgery Indian J Ophthalmol, 2023.PMID 37417102
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