Anaes SAQs · Applied cardiovascular & respiratory physiology
Acid-base balance and the four disorders
Primary — Henderson-Hasselbalch (pH set by bicarbonate over 0.03 x PaCO2 ratio); bicarbonate the principal open buffer; four primary disorders; respiratory vs metabolic compensation speed; Winter formula; base excess and anion gap.
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Prompt
State the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Outline the four primary acid-base disorders and the mechanisms of their compensation, including the role of base excess and the anion gap.
Question
State the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Outline the four primary acid-base disorders and the mechanisms of their compensation, including the role of base excess and the anion gap.[1]
References4ShowHide
- [2]Kroustalakis N, et al. Dialysis and acid-base balance. J Clin Med, 2025.PMID 41303241
- [1]Koner O. Base excess and acid-base concepts. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim, 2026.PMID 41496655
- [5]Singh A, et al. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) complicated pregnancies: A tertiary centre experience. Obstet Med, 2026.PMID 42291820
- [3]Molano Franco D, et al. Evaluating acid–base status and perfusion: arterial and venous blood gases during pregnancy. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol, 2026.PMID 42049011