Paeds Vivas · fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal
Antenatally diagnosed fetal conditions: paediatric planning — branching viva
Branching viva from a confirmed hypoplastic left heart syndrome through ductal-dependence reasoning, a diaphragmatic hernia resuscitation error, an EXIT airway scenario, and the paediatrician's antenatal planning role.
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Target exams
RACP General PaediatricsRACP DCEMRCPCH ClinicalRCPSC Pediatrics
Prompt
You are the paediatric registrar at the antenatal multidisciplinary meeting. A fetus has a confirmed hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The examiner releases information in stages about ductal-dependence reasoning, a diaphragmatic hernia resuscitation error, an EXIT airway scenario, and the paediatrician's planning role.
Station opening
Examiner: "The fetal echocardiogram confirms hypoplastic left heart syndrome with a normal karyotype. What is your planning role?" [1]
Strong candidate (must-hit)
- Confirms the diagnosis and judges it time-critical and ductal-dependent; the paediatrician's role is to translate the diagnosis into a postnatal plan — place, time and capability of delivery. [1] [2]
- Plans a cardiac-centre delivery with prostaglandin E1 ready from birth, and the staged surgical strategy with neurodevelopmental follow-up. [1] [19]
Weak candidate
- "That is cardiology; I will see the baby on the ward after surgery." [1]
- Memorises a prostaglandin dose but cannot say why timing matters or who briefs the team. [19]
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References7Show ledgerHide ledger
- [1]Donofrio MT, Moon-Grady AJ, Hornberger LK, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of fetal cardiac disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2014.PMID 24763516
- [2]Benachi A, Sarnacki S. Prenatal counselling and the role of the paediatric surgeon. Seminars in pediatric surgery, 2014.PMID 25459006
- [7]Snoek KG, Reiss IK, Greenough A, et al. Standardized Postnatal Management of Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Neonatology, 2016.PMID 27077664
- [9]Bhat V, Moront M, Bhandari V. Gastroschisis: A State-of-the-Art Review. Children (Basel), 2020.PMID 33348575
- [18]Conner P, Vejde JH, Burgos CM, et al. Accuracy and impact of prenatal diagnosis in infants with omphalocele. Pediatric surgery international, 2018.PMID 29637257
- [19]Tulzer A, Huhta JC, Hochpoechler J, et al. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Is There a Role for Fetal Therapy? Frontiers in pediatrics, 2022.PMID 35874565
- [20]Martinez-Biarge M, Jowett VC, Cowan FM, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome in children with congenital heart disease. Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine, 2013.PMID 23706956