Paeds · preventive-and-community-paediatrics
Adolescent preventive health care
Also known as Adolescent well visit · Adolescent health supervision · HEADSS assessment · HEEADSSS · Youth preventive care · Adolescent psychosocial screening
A fellowship approach to adolescent preventive care: time alone, conditional confidentiality, HEADSS/HEEADSSS psychosocial assessment, integrated screening, anticipatory guidance, immunisation review, red-flag safety action, follow-up and transition across ANZ, UK, US and Canada.
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Target exams
Red flags
- Active suicidal plan, intent or recent attempt
- Disclosure of ongoing abuse, sexual assault or coercive control
- Medical instability from restriction, purging or substance intoxication
- Acute psychosis, severe agitation or inability to keep safe
- Pregnancy with coercion, trafficking concern or delayed presentation
- No confidential space and high-risk history cannot be explored safely
- Portal or billing pathway about to leak sensitive adolescent content
Life stages
Care settings
Clinical exam formats
Board mappings
- General and Community Paediatrics
- Adolescent health and psychosocial assessment
- Current 2026 PREP curriculum — Learning Objective 1.2.1: Communicate with a child or young person in a way which is appropriate to the position of that child within their own culture
- Current 2026 PREP curriculum — Learning Objective 1.2.2: Communicate with parents or carers
- Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 5: Clinical assessment – essential general paediatrics
- Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 6: Clinical management – essential general paediatrics
- Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 12: Communication with patients, families, and health professionals
- Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 15: Essential general paediatrics
- Clinical Applications
- Adolescent medicine and preventive care
- Long Cases
- Short Cases
- Communication stations
- 2. Professional skills and knowledge: Communication
- 4. Professional skills and knowledge: Patient management
- 5. Health promotion and illness prevention
- 11. Adolescent health
- General Paediatrics: Provides developmentally appropriate care for young people including psychosocial assessment and confidential care within legal frameworks
- Foundation of Practice (FOP)
- Applied Knowledge in Practice (AKP)
- Adolescent health and safeguarding
- History
- Communication
- Clinical
- Development
- General Pediatrics Content Outline — Domain 1: Preventive Pediatrics/Well-Child Care
- General Pediatrics Content Outline — Domain 11: Adolescent Medicine and Gynecology
- General Pediatrics Content Outline — Domain 16: Mental and Behavioral Health
- General Pediatrics EPA 3: Providing well-child and adolescent care including preventive care and anticipatory guidance
- General Pediatrics EPA 11: Promoting equitable care at the level of each individual patient and the population
- Patient Care 1: History and Physical Examination
- Patient Care 5: Patient Management
- Interpersonal and Communication Skills 1: Patient- and Family-Centered Communication
- Systems-Based Practice 3: System Navigation for Patient Centered Care – Coordination of Care
- Systems-Based Practice 4: System Navigation for Patient-Centered Care – Transitions in Care
- Professionalism 1: Professional Behavior and Ethical Principles
- Communicator
- Health Advocate
- Professional
- Pediatrics: Foundations EPA — Assessing and providing care for adolescents
- Pediatrics: Core EPA — Providing preventive care and anticipatory guidance
- Pediatrics: Core EPA #11 — Coordinating transitions of care for patients with medical or psychosocial complexity
Overview & Definition
A 15-year-old arrives “for a check-up.” The parent answers every question. You never ask about mood, vaping or partners. Growth looks fine. You stamp “well.” Two months later the same adolescent is in ED after a deliberate overdose. The missed work was not a rare syndrome. It was a preventive visit without youth-centred process. [16] [18]
Adolescent preventive health care is longitudinal, developmentally staged care that protects current safety and future health. It includes psychosocial assessment, confidential counselling, physical screening, immunisation, anticipatory guidance and planned transition toward adult care. Frameworks such as GAPS and Bright Futures operationalise that idea; local tools (for example Greig Health Record updates in Canada) adapt content by jurisdiction. The exam skill is the process, not brand loyalty to one checklist. [4] [16]
HEADSS is a structured psychosocial interview framework. Cohen and colleagues described it for high-risk youth: Home, Education, Activities, Drugs, Sexuality, Suicide/depression (with safety woven through). Many services use HEEADSSS, which expands Eating and makes Safety/Spirituality/strengths more explicit. Treat the letters as a memory scaffold for skilled conversation, not a robotic script. [1] [19]
Core sequence of an adolescent preventive visit
- 1
Shared start
Greet both parties. Set a joint agenda. Explain the plan for private time.
- 2
Conditional confidentiality
Promise privacy with clear limits: serious harm, abuse and other legal duties.
- 3
HEADSS/HEEADSSS
Work domains with open then focused questions. Follow positive leads.
- 4
Exam and preventive tasks
Growth, BP, puberty-aware exam, vision/hearing/oral prompts, immunisations.
- 5
Screens and plan
Add validated tools if indicated. Co-create a plan the young person can use.
References24ShowHide
- [1]Cohen E HEADSS, a psychosocial risk assessment instrument: implications for designing effective intervention programs for runaway youth. Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1991.PMID 1772892
- [2]Knight JR Validity of the CRAFFT substance abuse screening test among adolescent clinic patients. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2002.PMID 12038895
- [3]Ford CA Delivery of confidentiality assurances to adolescents by primary care physicians. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 1997.PMID 9158445
- [4]Gadomski A Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services: the GAPS in practice. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2003.PMID 12742877
- [5]Adams SH Association Between Adolescent Preventive Care and the Role of the Affordable Care Act. JAMA pediatrics, 2018.PMID 29114725
- [6]Miller VA Adolescents Spending Time Alone With Pediatricians During Routine Visits: Perspectives of Parents in a Primary Care Clinic. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2018.PMID 29887486
- [7]White PH Supporting the Health Care Transition From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Medical Home. Pediatrics, 2018.PMID 30348754
- [8]Knight JR Effect of Computer-Based Substance Use Screening and Brief Behavioral Counseling vs Usual Care for Youths in Pediatric Primary Care: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA network open, 2019.PMID 31225897
- [9]Mangione CM, Barry MJ, Nicholson WK, et al. Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA, 2022.PMID 36219440
- [10]Mangione CM, Barry MJ, Nicholson WK, et al. Screening for Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA, 2022.PMID 36219403
- [11]Viswanathan M Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA, 2022.PMID 36219399
- [12]English A Adolescent Consent and Confidentiality: Complexities in Context of the 21st Century Cures Act. Pediatrics, 2022.PMID 35531643
- [13]Chung RJ Confidentiality in the Care of Adolescents: Policy Statement. Pediatrics, 2024.PMID 38646690
- [14]Chung RJ Confidentiality in the Care of Adolescents: Technical Report. Pediatrics, 2024.PMID 38646698
- [15]Pasternak RH 21st Century Cures Act ONC Rule: Implications for Adolescent Care and Confidentiality Protections. Pediatrics, 2023.PMID 37010402
- [16]Klein JD Opportunities to Improve Adolescent Health and Wellbeing Through Medical Education and Delivery of Quality Preventive Care. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2022.PMID 36122998
- [17]Jenssen BP Accelerating Innovation in Primary Care to Support Adolescent Health Discussions. Pediatrics, 2024.PMID 38836314
- [18]McGorry PD The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health. The lancet. Psychiatry, 2024.PMID 39147461
- [19]Addison J HEADSS Up! Missed Opportunity for Psychosocial Screening in Hospitalized Adolescents. Hospital pediatrics, 2021.PMID 33789962
- [20]Ho J Digital psychosocial assessment: An efficient and effective screening tool. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2020.PMID 31883286
- [21]Hadland SE Alcohol Use Disorder: A Pediatric-Onset Condition Needing Early Detection and Intervention. Pediatrics, 2019.PMID 30783023
- [22]Chaput JP 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5-17 years: summary of the evidence. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2020.PMID 33239009
- [23]McKay EA Parents' Perspectives on Confidentiality in Clinical Preventive Services for Adolescents. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2025.PMID 40580168
- [24]Akande M Well-Visit Attendance From Mid-Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Who Remains Engaged? The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2026.PMID 41416974