Medical devices, digital health and remote monitoring

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Target exams

Red flags

• An unwell child with a normal pulse oximeter reading — occult hypoxaemia is documented in dark skin pigmentation and in low perfusion; escalate to an arterial blood gas with co-oximetry and treat the child, not the number
• A continuous glucose monitor reading under 54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) — confirm with a fingerstick, give 10 to 15 g of fast-acting oral carbohydrate if conscious, glucagon 0.5 mg intramuscularly under 12 years or 1 mg at 12 years and over if unconscious, and recheck in fifteen minutes
• A lost device signal in a high-risk technology-dependent child — silence does not mean the child is well; call the family, assess the child clinically, and use the clinical pathway as the safety-net
• Recurrent false alarms and family distress on a home device — alarm fatigue drives non-adherence and device abandonment; tune the thresholds, silence non-critical alarms, schedule protected sleep, and review at every clinic visit rather than abandoning the device without a plan
• A consumer smartwatch flagging atrial fibrillation in a child — sinus arrhythmia, the common physiological paediatric rhythm, and premature atrial contractions are far more likely than true atrial fibrillation; clinician-overread the tracing and obtain a 12-lead ECG before accepting the algorithm's diagnosis
• An equity gap that the device widens rather than narrows — the family without broadband, smartphone, English or health literacy cannot benefit from a digital tool, and deployment without addressing access deepens disparity

Life stages

Care settings

Clinical exam formats

Board mappings

• Selection and safe use of medical devices and digital-health tools
• Acute and longitudinal assessment of the technology-dependent child
• Health equity and patient safety in paediatric remote monitoring
• Current 2026 PREP curriculum — Learning Objective 2.2.1: Recognise, prioritise and manage an acutely ill infant, child or young person
• Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 6: Clinical management – essential general paediatrics
• Renewed curriculum for first-year trainees from 2027 — Learning goal 13: Quality and safety, including digital-health and equity
• Clinical Applications
• Medical Sciences — sensor physiology, accuracy and equity
• Population health — digital determinants and equity
• Short Cases
• Communication scenarios involving device counselling and shared decisions
• 4. Professional skills and knowledge: Patient management
• 7. Patient safety, including safe use of medical devices
• 11. Digital health, data and quality improvement
• Foundation of Practice (FOP)
• Theory and Science (TAS) — applied sensor physiology and digital-health evidence
• Applied Knowledge in Practice (AKP)
• Clinical
• Communication
• Video
• General Pediatrics Content Outline — patient safety, medical devices and digital health
• General Pediatrics EPA 7: Recognizing a Severely Ill Patient, Providing Initial Management, and Mobilizing Resources Needed for Continued Care
• Systems-Based Practice 1: Patient Safety and quality improvement
• Practice-Based Learning 2: Use of technology to improve patient care
• Medical Knowledge 3: Patient safety, devices and digital-health evidence
• Medical Expert
• Pediatrics: Foundations EPA #1 — Recognizing deteriorating and/or critically ill patients and initiating stabilization and management
• Collaborator and Health Advocate competencies — digital-health equity