Paeds SAQs · professional-practice-and-evidence
Teaching, supervision and feedback in paediatrics — formative SAQs
Two formative short-answer questions on feedback models, the educational alliance, entrustment, the struggling learner versus the learner in difficulty, and supervision duties in paediatric training.
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Target exams
SAQ 1 — Structured feedback after a procedural error (10 marks)
A senior registrar has twice attempted cannulation on a distressed toddler and failed. The parent is upset. You, the consultant, succeeded on the next attempt. The registrar avoids you for the rest of the shift. [1] [3]
Questions
- Outline a structured feedback conversation using the ask-tell-ask model for this encounter. (5 marks) [7] [10]
- How does the educational alliance change what you say and when you say it? (3 marks) [3] [8]
- What would you document, and what supervision arrangement would you agree for the next procedural attempt? (2 marks) [6] [9]
Model answer
Ask-tell-ask structure (5). First create a private, calm setting once the shift pressure eases and emotions settle. Ask: invite the registrar's own self-assessment ("how did those attempts go for you, and what was going through your mind?"). Tell: share specific, behaviour-focused observations (site choice, restraint, the child's escalation, when to stop and call for help) rather than global judgement, balanced with what they did well (consent, positioning). Ask: coach them to name the next step — simulation practice, watching you cannulate, a defined technique — so they own the action plan. [7] [10]
Role of the educational alliance (3). The alliance — trust and partnership — determines whether the message lands or triggers defensiveness. Name it explicitly: "I'm investing in this because you're going to be excellent." Timing matters: deliver feedback close to the event but not in the heat of a tearful, shamed moment, because fear and threat shut down reflection. [3] [8]
Documentation and supervision (2). Document the specific feedback, the agreed action plan and a follow-up date. Set an explicit entrustment level for the next cannulation — direct supervision with you scrubbed in or immediately available — based on observed competence, and escalate to the supervisor of record if the difficulty persists. [6] [9]
References10ShowHide
- [1]Ende J Feedback in clinical medical education JAMA, 1983.PMID 6876333
- [2]Archer JC State of the science in health professional education: effective feedback Med Educ, 2010.PMID 20078761
- [3]Telio S, Regehr G, Ajjawi R The educational alliance as a framework for reconceptualizing feedback in medical education Acad Med, 2015.PMID 25406607
- [4]Irby DM, Wilkerson L Teaching when time is limited BMJ, 2008.PMID 18276715
- [5]Rudolph JW, Simon R, Rivard P, Dufresne RL, Raemer DB Debriefing with good judgment: combining rigorous feedback with genuine inquiry Anesthesiol Clin, 2007.PMID 17574196
- [6]Kilminster S, Cottrell D, Grant J, Jolly B AMEE Guide No. 27: Effective educational and clinical supervision Med Teach, 2007.PMID 17538823
- [7]Ramani S, Krackov SK Twelve tips for giving feedback effectively in the clinical environment Med Teach, 2012.PMID 22730899
- [8]Eva KW, Armson H, Holmboe E, Lockyer J, Loney E, Mann K, Sargeant J Factors influencing responsiveness to feedback: on the interplay between fear, confidence, and reasoning processes Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract, 2012.PMID 21468778
- [9]Ten Cate O, Chen HC, Hoff RG, Peters H, Bok H, van der Schaaf M Curriculum development for the workplace using Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs): AMEE Guide No. 99 Med Teach, 2015.PMID 26172347
- [10]Lockyer J, Lee-Krueger R, Armson H, et al. Application of the R2C2 Model to In-the-Moment Feedback and Coaching Acad Med, 2023.PMID 37797303