Paeds Cases · clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics
Stop the codeine — opioids and acute pain medicines
A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of the codeine contraindication after tonsillectomy, defence of the CYP2D6 prodrug mechanism, and construction of a safe weight-based morphine regimen with paired monitoring, constipation prophylaxis, and a naloxone plan.
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Target exams
RACP General PaediatricsRACP DCEMRCPCH ClinicalRCPSC Pediatrics
Prompt
A four-year-old boy is admitted overnight after adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea. The on-call prescription chart includes paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine. The candidate must identify the error, defend the contraindication, and build a safe morphine-based analgesia plan with monitoring and a naloxone plan.
Candidate instructions
You are the after-hours registrar reviewing a four-year-old boy admitted overnight after adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea. On the prescription chart you see paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine. You have eight minutes to review the chart with the nurse, identify any prescribing error, explain your reasoning to the examiner, and propose a safe analgesia plan for the night. [1] [2]
References7ShowHide
- [1]Racoosin JA, Roberson DW, Pacanowski MA, et al. New evidence about an old drug — risk with codeine after adenotonsillectomy New England Journal of Medicine, 2013.PMID 23614474
- [2]Tobias JD, Green TP, Coté CJ Codeine: Time to Say No Pediatrics, 2016.PMID 27647717
- [3]Dean L, Kane M Tramadol Therapy and CYP2D6 Genotype Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2012.PMID 28520365
- [6]Lynn A, Nespeca MK, Bratton SL, et al. Clearance of morphine in postoperative infants during intravenous infusion: the influence of age and surgery Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1998.PMID 9585276
- [9]Niesters M, Overdyk F, Smith T, et al. Opioid-induced respiratory depression in paediatrics: a review of case reports British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2013.PMID 23248093
- [10]Sharp D, Jaffrani A A PRISMA Systematic Review on the Safety and Efficacy of Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) in Pediatrics Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 2021.PMID 34139608
- [11]Malmros Olsson E, Lönnqvist PA, Stiller CO, et al. Rapid systemic uptake of naloxone after intranasal administration in children Paediatric Anaesthesia, 2021.PMID 33687794