Paeds Cases · pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care
Right dose, right monitoring, right rotation — paediatric opioid stewardship
A bedside structured clinical encounter testing paediatric opioid stewardship: setting up a morphine patient-controlled analgesia device with the weight-based parameters, gating every dose on the pain score and the sedation score, building the multimodal opioid-sparing backbone, recognising and reversing opioid-induced respiratory depression with titrated naloxone, and rotating to an oral opioid with the equianalgesic principle and the incomplete cross-tolerance reduction, with a safe discharge prescription and disposal plan.
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You are the paediatric registrar on the ward overnight. A nine-year-old girl, 30 kg, has just returned from theatre after internal fixation of a displaced femoral fracture. She is on a morphine patient-controlled analgesia device set up by the acute pain team, with a background infusion running. The ward nurse asks you to confirm the PCA parameters and the monitoring, and to set the plan for the night. Two hours later the nurse calls you urgently: the child is hard to rouse, with a respiratory rate of 8 per minute and a sedation score of 3. [1]
You have ten minutes to: confirm the PCA parameters and the multimodal opioid-sparing backbone; set the monitoring that gates every dose; respond to the over-sedation event with titrated naloxone and a plan for recurrence; and prepare the next-day rotation to an oral opioid with the cross-tolerance reduction and a safe discharge prescription. [1] [8]
References6ShowHide
- [1]Donado C, Solodiuk J, Rangel SJ, et al. Patient- and Nurse-Controlled Analgesia: 22-Year Experience in a Pediatric Hospital Hospital Pediatrics, 2019.PMID 30655310
- [7]Quigley C Opioid switching to improve pain relief and drug tolerability Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2004.PMID 15266542
- [8]Bateman JT, Saunders SE, Levitt ES, et al. Understanding and countering opioid-induced respiratory depression British Journal of Pharmacology, 2023.PMID 34089181
- [9]Saari TI, Strang J, Dale O, et al. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Naloxone Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 2024.PMID 38485851
- [10]Hadland SE, Agarwal R, Raman SR, et al. Opioid Prescribing for Acute Pain Management in Children and Adolescents in Outpatient Settings: Clinical Practice Guideline Pediatrics, 2024.PMID 39344439
- [11]Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, et al. Management of Postoperative Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists' Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council The Journal of Pain, 2016.PMID 26827847