Paeds Cases · pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care
Score, found, titrate, monitor, wean — leading acute nociceptive pain management on the ward
A structured clinical encounter testing the leadership of acute nociceptive pain management on the paediatric ward: scoring the pain, building the multimodal foundation up the WHO two-step ladder, titrating a morphine patient-controlled analgesia with sedation-score monitoring, recognising and responding to opioid-induced respiratory depression with naloxone, and closing the loop with a planned wean and a written discharge safety-net.
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Candidate brief
You are the paediatric registrar on the ward overnight. An eight-year-old boy, 26 kg, has just been admitted after emergency orthopaedic fixation of a displaced forearm fracture. He is opioid-naive, alert, drinking sips, and passing urine. He is in moderate pain (numeric score 6 of 10) that has not been controlled by as-needed paracetamol. The ward nurse asks you to build a complete multimodal analgesic plan and to set up the monitoring. A medical student suggests codeine for the breakthrough pain. [11]
You have ten minutes to: confirm the weight and score the pain; build the multimodal foundation up the WHO two-step ladder; state the morphine intravenous dose and the patient-controlled analgesia parameters; set up the sedation-score monitoring; and prepare to recognise and respond to opioid-induced respiratory depression. [8]
References5ShowHide
- [1]Olejnik L, Lima JP, Sadeghirad B, et al. Pharmacologic Management of Acute Pain in Children: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis JAMA Pediatr, 2025.PMID 39899301
- [8]Krauss BS, Calligaris L, Green SM, Barbi E Current concepts in management of pain in children in the emergency department Lancet, 2016.PMID 26095580
- [9]Smith HAB, Besunder JB, Betters KA, et al. 2022 Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation, Neuromuscular Blockade, and Delirium in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2022.PMID 35119438
- [11]Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, et al. Management of Postoperative Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists J Pain, 2016.PMID 26827847
- [12]Dumbarton TC Regional anesthesia in complex pediatric patients: advances in opioid-sparing analgesia Can J Anaesth, 2024.PMID 37884770