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Paeds Casesallergy-and-immunology

Paeds Cases · allergy-and-immunology

The stung schoolboy — long case on insect-sting hypersensitivity

Long case on insect-sting (Hymenoptera venom) hypersensitivity: an eight-year-old boy who collapsed after a wasp sting at school and required intramuscular adrenaline, presenting the candidate with the acute recognition and management, the differentiation of a systemic reaction from a large local reaction, the four-to-six-week workup of venom-specific immunoglobulin E, skin testing and baseline tryptase with its mastocytosis implications, and the venom immunotherapy prevention decision and discharge package, including the parents' questions about whether he will grow out of it, whether the school needs an autoinjector, and whether venom immunotherapy is worth three to five years of injections.

long case systemic sting anaphylaxis venom immunotherapy prevention3 min readVerification in progress

Target exams

RACP DCEMRCPCH ClinicalRCPSC Pediatrics
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Target exams

RACP DCEMRCPCH ClinicalRCPSC Pediatrics
Prompt
An eight-year-old boy is reviewed in the allergy clinic six weeks after he collapsed, wheezed and swelled up minutes after a wasp sting at school, responding to intramuscular adrenaline given by ambulance officers. The candidate must take the history, explain the workup results, decide on venom immunotherapy, address the discharge package, and answer the family's questions about recurrence risk, school safety and the value of three to five years of venom immunotherapy.

The story

Eight-year-old Liam was stung on the neck by a wasp during lunch break. Within three minutes he was flushed and scratching, then wheezy and distressed, and then he went grey and slumped against the wall. A teacher called an ambulance; paramedics found him hypotensive and wheezy with lip and tongue swelling, gave intramuscular adrenaline (300 micrograms) with oxygen and a fluid bolus, and he recovered fully. He was observed overnight and discharged with a provisional diagnosis of systemic anaphylaxis to wasp venom. He has mild asthma, well controlled on a preventer and a reliever, and no prior sting reactions. Six weeks later he and his parents attend your allergy clinic for the workup and the prevention plan. [2]

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References6ShowHide
  1. [1]Golden DB; Moffitt J; Nicklas RA; et al Stinging insect hypersensitivity: a practice parameter update 2011. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2011.PMID 21458655
  2. [2]Golden DBK; Wang J; Waserman S; et al Anaphylaxis: A 2023 practice parameter update. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 2024.PMID 38108678
  3. [3]Sturm GJ; Varga EM; Roberts G; et al EAACI guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: Hymenoptera venom allergy. Allergy, 2018.PMID 28748641
  4. [4]Boyle RJ; Elremeli M; Hockenhull J; et al Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012.PMID 23076950
  5. [5]Ruëff F; Przybilla B; Biló MB; et al Predictors of severe systemic anaphylactic reactions in patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy: importance of baseline serum tryptase-a study of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Interest Group on Insect Venom Hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2009.PMID 19895993
  6. [11]Giovannini M; Mori F; Barni S; et al Hymenoptera venom allergy in children. Ital J Pediatr, 2024.PMID 39707411
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