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Paeds Casesclinical-assessment-and-reasoning

Paeds Cases · clinical-assessment-and-reasoning

Rising PEWS overnight — structured clinical encounter

Bedside structured encounter testing PEWS interpretation, incomplete observations, caregiver concern, age-adapted ABCDE, MET activation, handover, disposition and systems reflection.

structured clinical encounter2 min readVerification in progress

Target exams

RACP General PaediatricsRACP DCEMRCPCH ClinicalRCPSC Pediatrics
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Study tools

Target exams

RACP General PaediatricsRACP DCEMRCPCH ClinicalRCPSC Pediatrics
Prompt
Maya, 3 years 2 months, ward viral wheeze with rising multi-parameter PEWS, incomplete blood pressure documentation, and maternal concern that she is getting worse, in a regional hospital without on-site PICU.

Station brief (candidate)

You are the paediatric night registrar in a regional hospital without on-site PICU. The nurse asks you to review Maya, aged 3 years 2 months, admitted yesterday with viral wheeze. Her multi-parameter PEWS has risen over three observation sets. Blood pressure was not recorded at the last two checks. Mother says, “She is getting worse.” You have 12 minutes at the bedside (simulated) and 5 minutes for discussion. [1]

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References11ShowHide
  1. [1]Parshuram CS, Hutchison J, Middaugh K Development and initial validation of the Bedside Paediatric Early Warning System score. Critical care (London, England), 2009.PMID 19678924
  2. [2]Parshuram CS, Duncan HP, Joffe AR, et al. Multicentre validation of the bedside paediatric early warning system score: a severity of illness score to detect evolving critical illness in hospitalised children. Critical care (London, England), 2011.PMID 21812993
  3. [3]Parshuram CS, Dryden-Palmer K, Farrell C, et al. Effect of a Pediatric Early Warning System on All-Cause Mortality in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: The EPOCH Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2018.PMID 29486493
  4. [4]Trubey R, Huang C, Lugg-Widger FV, et al. Validity and effectiveness of paediatric early warning systems and track and trigger tools for identifying and reducing clinical deterioration in hospitalised children: a systematic review. BMJ open, 2019.PMID 31061010
  5. [7]Fleming S, Thompson M, Stevens R, et al. Normal ranges of heart rate and respiratory rate in children from birth to 18 years of age: a systematic review of observational studies. Lancet (London, England), 2011.PMID 21411136
  6. [9]Mills E, Lin P, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, et al. Association between caregiver concern for clinical deterioration and critical illness in children presenting to hospital: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2025.PMID 40451224
  7. [12]Bonafide CP, Localio AR, Roberts KE, et al. Impact of rapid response system implementation on critical deterioration events in children. JAMA pediatrics, 2014.PMID 24217295
  8. [13]Devita MA, Bellomo R, Hillman K, et al. Findings of the first consensus conference on medical emergency teams. Critical care medicine, 2006.PMID 16878033
  9. [16]Kuo DZ, Houtrow AJ Recognition and Management of Medical Complexity. Pediatrics, 2016.PMID 27940731
  10. [17]Starmer AJ, Spector ND, Srivastava R, et al. Changes in medical errors after implementation of a handoff program. The New England journal of medicine, 2014.PMID 25372088
  11. [19]Chaichotjinda K, Chantra M, Pandee U Assessment of interhospital transport care for pediatric patients. Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 2020.PMID 31477679
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