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O&G CasesAntenatal care — multiple pregnancy

O&G Cases · Antenatal care — multiple pregnancy

Suspected twin-twin transfusion syndrome in a regional centre — referral and communication station

Communication and decision station: suspected stage II twin-twin transfusion syndrome in a regional centre. Tests Quintero staging, the decision to refer for fetoscopic laser rather than serial amnioreduction, communication of the diagnosis and prognosis to a distressed primigravida, and the practical logistics of transfer. Includes assessor timeline, marking domains, assessor key and fail criteria.

communication5 min readVerification in progress

Target exams

FRANZCOGMRCOGABOG
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Target exams

FRANZCOGMRCOGABOG
Prompt
You are the obstetric registrar in a regional centre. A 26-year-old G1P0 at 19+4 weeks with a known monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy presents with one week of increasing abdominal distension and breathlessness. The surveillance scan shows a recipient twin with deepest vertical pool of 9.5 cm, a donor twin stuck against the uterine wall with deepest vertical pool of 1.5 cm and no visible bladder over the observation period, both twins with positive end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery and no ascites. The fetal therapy centre is a 90-minute flight away. The woman has a partner at home and no other children. The assessor runs the clock and feeds you the woman's questions and her emotional responses.

Station brief

Format. Communication and decision station, approximately 12 minutes. You are the obstetric registrar in a regional centre. A senior midwife and a sonographer are with you; the consultant is contactable but off-site. The fetal therapy centre is a 90-minute flight away. The assessor runs the clock and feeds you the woman's questions and emotional responses. [1]

Candidate instruction. Establish the diagnosis and stage, decide on the immediate management, communicate the diagnosis and prognosis to a distressed primigravida, and arrange the practical logistics of referral and transfer. Verbalise your clinical reasoning, your counselling, and your team and family communication. [1][3]

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References7ShowHide
  1. [1]Kilby MD, Bricker L; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Management of Monochorionic Twin Pregnancy Green-Top Guideline No. 51 (2024 Partial Update) BJOG, 2025.PMID 39966091
  2. [2]Senat MV, Deprest J, Boulvain M, et al. Endoscopic laser surgery versus serial amnioreduction for severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome N Engl J Med, 2004.PMID 15238624
  3. [3]Kontopoulos E, Chmait RH, Quintero RA Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: Definition, Staging, and Ultrasound Assessment Twin Res Hum Genet, 2016.PMID 27203605
  4. [4]Slaghekke F, Lopriore E, Lewi L, et al. Fetoscopic laser coagulation of the vascular equator versus selective coagulation for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: an open-label randomised controlled trial Lancet, 2014.PMID 24613024
  5. [5]Miller RS, Miller JL, Monson MA, et al. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #72: Twin-twin transfusion syndrome and twin anemia-polycythemia sequence Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2024.PMID 39029545
  6. [6]Tollenaar LSA, Slaghekke F, Lewi L, et al. Spontaneous twin anemia polycythemia sequence: diagnosis, management, and outcome in an international cohort of 249 cases Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2021.PMID 32730900
  7. [7]Sorrenti S, Yaghi O, Prasad S, et al. Perinatal outcome of monochorionic twin pregnancy complicated by selective fetal growth restriction: ISUOG vs Delphi diagnostic criteria Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2026.PMID 42126513
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