ICU · GI & nutrition

GI Bleeding, Pancreatitis, Hepatic Failure and Nutrition

Also known as GI bleeding · Acute pancreatitis · Acute liver failure · Nutritional support · Stress ulcer prophylaxis · Enteral nutrition

The GI and the nutritional disorders in the ICU span the upper GI bleeding (the peptic ulcer, the varices), the acute pancreatitis (the severe, the infected necrosis), the acute liver failure (the paracetamol, the encephalopathy), and the nutritional support (the early enteral preferred, the stress ulcer prophylaxis). This topic builds the examiner's framework on each, with the evidence for the restrictive transfusion and endoscopy timing (the Villanueva trial and the international consensus), the stress ulcer prophylaxis (the SUP-ICU trial), the early enteral nutrition (the NUTRIREA-2 trial), the route of feeding (the CALORIES trial), the permissive underfeeding (the PermiT trial and the 2024 meta-analysis), the caloric and the protein targets (the ESPEN and the SCCM/ASPEN guidelines), the residual-volume and prokinetic practice (REGANE, Cochrane), and the acute liver failure (the King's College criteria and the NAC trials).

Checked against its sources on 2 Sept 2026