Gen Surg Vivas · trauma
Sort-negative adult, grey teenager, bleeding first arrival — sieve numbers, paediatric splits, and what the index operation may contain
Fellowship viva on major incident triage: Sort secondary failure with shock-index alternative, paediatric tool selection, TASC index-operation boundary, hospital-door organisation.
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Target exams
FRACSFRCS(Gen Surg)ABSFRCSC
Prompt
A 58-year-old man from a stadium crush is labelled P2 by the Triage Sort: GCS 15, systolic 118, respiratory rate 22. His granddaughter aged 6 sits grey and silent with a thready pulse. Meanwhile the first ambulance delivers a young man with a distended belly and systolic 78. Talk me through the Sort label with its numbers, the shock-index alternative, which paediatric tool for the girl with what numbers, what the index operation may and may not contain, and how the hospital door should be organised.
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Examiner prompts
- The Sort says P2 with normal vitals. What does 15.7% sensitivity with 84.3% undertriage do to that label, and what is your next action?[3]
- His shock index is 0.9. What does the 70.0%-versus-58.6% comparison buy you, and what is its boundary condition?[16]
- The 6-year-old is grey and silent. Which tool, with what numbers, and why not the adult sieve or the tape?[18][19]
- The belly bleeder arrives first, as expected. What exactly may the index operation contain, and what must it defer?[12]
- The corridor now holds twenty more. How is the door organised, with what throughput precedent?[14][26]
Model answers
- The Sort label reassures falsely: lowest accuracy of all tools at 15.7% sensitivity with 84.3% undertriage at 98.7% specificity — re-triage immediately, upgrade on mechanism and age, never discharge on a Sort P2.[3]
- Shock index above 0.75 predicts LSI need at 70.0% sensitivity and 74.7% specificity against the Sort at 58.6% and 88.7% — it supports upgrading him, but civilian translation is unproven so physiology plus re-examination decides.[16]
- Sieve her with the paediatric tool: SPTT 92.2% sensitive at 75.0% over-triage beats tape 34.1% and JumpSTART 45.0%; under-8 JumpSTART runs 86.3% and 84.8% while CareFlight predicts death best at 95.3% and 80.4% — accept the over-triage, resuscitate as P1.[18][19]
- The index operation stops the bleeding and controls the contamination and nothing else — TASC serves the situation where damage control serves the patient; first arrivals bleed from trunk and cavities, so abbreviated laparotomy, pack, close, next patient.[12]
- The door becomes a triage zone with streamed stations and 8-hourly rotations, after Mumbai's 163 triaged and 194 operations in 127 — because door accuracy is 61% with 18% of life-threats missed, re-triage every arrival.[14][26]
- Doctrine close: triage early and dynamic by severity, necessity and urgency — and the BCD Sieve at 70.4% supersedes the NARU Sieve at 44.9% as the primary tool behind all of it.[11][1]
References9ShowHide
- [1]Malik NS, Chernbumroong S, Xu Y, et al. The BCD Triage Sieve outperforms all existing major incident triage tools: Comparative analysis using the UK national trauma registry population. EClinicalMedicine, 2021.PMID 34308306
- [3]Vassallo J, Smith J Major incident triage and the evaluation of the Triage Sort as a secondary triage method. Emerg Med J, 2019.PMID 30877263
- [11]Sockeel P, Goudard Y, et al. Medical and surgical triage. J Visc Surg, 2017.PMID 28941567
- [12]Bieler D, Franke A, Kollig E, et al. Terrorist attacks: common injuries and initial surgical management. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2020.PMID 32342113
- [14]Bhandarwar AH, Bakhshi GD, Tayade MB, et al. Surgical response to the 2008 Mumbai terror attack. Br J Surg, 2012.PMID 22139597
- [16]Vassallo J, Horne S, Ball S, et al. Usefulness of the Shock Index as a secondary triage tool. J R Army Med Corps, 2015.PMID 24794704
- [18]Vassallo J, Chernbumroong S, Malik N, et al. Comparative analysis of major incident triage tools in children: a UK population-based analysis. Emerg Med J, 2021.PMID 34706900
- [19]Price CL, Stallard N, et al. Performance characteristics of five triage tools for major incidents involving traumatic injuries to children. Injury, 2016.PMID 26653268
- [26]Kleber C, Cwojdzinski D, Strehl M, et al. Results of in-hospital triage in 17 mass casualty trainings: underestimation of life-threatening injuries and need for re-triage. Am J Disaster Med, 2013.PMID 23716369