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SpecialtiesGen SurgTopics

General Surgery

Gen Surg topics

Consultant-surgeon-depth topic guides across the GSSE/FEX curriculum domains.

94Units

13Chapters

94High yield

Search this index

Chapters · 13

vascular8
abdomen15
trauma9
alimentary-tract17
applied-science12
surgical-critical-care12
endocrine4
breast8
endoscopy2
transplantation3
skin-soft-tissue1
thoracic2
paediatric-surgery1

01

vascular

8 entries

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm — Threshold, Surveillance, EVAR versus Open Repair, Rupture Strategy and Screening
Acute Limb Ischaemia — the 14-Day Definition, Embolus-versus-Thrombosis Split, STILE-TOPAS Equipoise, and the Compartment Vigilance Rule
Carotid Disease — Symptomatic 70–99% Endarterectomy Benefit, 2-Week Timing, the Asymptomatic Three-Era Split, and CEA-versus-Stent Age Logic
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Surgical Practice — Wells-Gated Diagnosis, Caprini-Matched Prophylaxis, DOAC-Era Treatment, and the Filter-Reperfusion Restraint Rules
Diabetic Foot — SINBAD-First Classification, the Non-Removable Offloading Verdict, the Antibiotic Duration Ladder, and WIfI-Guided Revascularisation
Haemodialysis Vascular Access — Fistula-First Arithmetic with Catheter Honesty, Maturation Odds, Steal and Surveillance Verdicts, and the Buttonhole Infection Price
Peripheral Arterial Disease and Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischaemia — Claudication Exercise, WIfI-PLAN-GLASS Staging, BEST-CLI versus BASIL-2 Revascularisation, and Vascular-Dose Rivaroxaban
Varicose Veins — Trunk Choice by CLASS Arithmetic, the ESCHAR-EVRA Ulcer Split, Tributary Timing, and the Non-Thermal Durability Discount

02

abdomen

15 entries

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (Surgical) — WSACS Definitions and Grades, Secondary Causes, Five-Arm Medical Management, Decompression, Open Abdomen and Fistula Arithmetic
Acute Cholangitis — TG18 Grade-Ladder Drainage Timing, Short-Course Antibiotics and Index Cholecystectomy Arithmetic
Acute cholecystitis
Acute mesenteric ischaemia
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic Pancreatitis — Pain, Ducts and Decisions: ESWL First-Line, DPPHR Doctrine, Bone and Cancer Watch
Femoral Hernia (Surgical) — Prompt-Mesh Doctrine, Women and the Hidden-Femoral Trap, Strangulation Arithmetic, Open Approaches, Plug and Laparoscopic Repair, Emergency Mesh Verdicts
Gallbladder Cancer — Incidental Re-resection, T2 Nodal Doctrine, BILCAP Adjuvant and Jaundice Arithmetic
Gallstone disease
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Surgical) — Milan Arithmetic, Resection Selection, Transplant Downstaging and Locoregional Trials: BCLC Allocation, LI-RADS Diagnosis and PVTT Doctrine
Inguinal hernia
Liver Abscess — Source Control First, Catheter-vs-Needle Arithmetic and Klebsiella Vigilance: Drainage Trials, Duration Evidence and Rupture Doctrine
Pancreatic Cancer — Resectability, Triplets and Selection: PRODIGE-24, NAPOLI-3, Fistula and Surveillance Arithmetic
Splenic Injury and Spleen Disorders (Surgical) — NOM Doctrine, AAST Grading, Embolization Arithmetic, Damage-Control Selection, OPSI Prevention and Elective Splenectomy
Ventral and Incisional Hernia (Surgical) — Closure and Prophylactic-Mesh Prevention, EHS Classification, Sublay Doctrine, TAR Arithmetic, MIS Selection, Emergency Repair and Patient-Reported Outcomes

03

trauma

9 entries

Abdominal Trauma — Blunt & Penetrating: FAST-First Triage, CT Limits, Selective Non-operative Management and Primary Repair
ATLS primary survey and trauma resuscitation
Burns Assessment and Resuscitation — TBSA Accuracy, Fluid-Creep Volumes, Inhalation Grades and Excision Timing
Chest Trauma — Blunt & Penetrating: Lethal-Six Decompression, Tube Doctrine, Flail Fixation Boundaries and Hidden-Six Surveillance
Damage Control Surgery & Resuscitation — Abbreviated Laparotomy, Balanced Resuscitation, Open Abdomen and Timed Re-look
Major Incident Triage — Sieve-to-Sort Sequencing, P1 Sensitivity Fences and Tactical Surgical Doctrine
Pelvic Fracture Haemorrhage — Binder-First Resuscitation, Pack-versus-Plug Equipoise, Embolisation Timing and Open-Fracture Sepsis
Penetrating Neck Trauma — No-Zone Triage, CTA Selection, Hard-Sign Limits and Carotid-plus-Gullet Doctrine
Surgical Traumatic Brain Injury — Evacuation Indications, Craniectomy Trials, ICP Control and Rescue

04

alimentary-tract

17 entries

Achalasia
Acute appendicitis
Acute colonic diverticulitis
Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Anal Fissure
Anorectal abscess and fistula-in-ano
Crohn's disease — surgical management: resection versus biologics, anastomosis, strictureplasty, perianal disease and postoperative prevention
Gastric Cancer
GORD — Surgical Management (Antireflux Surgery)
Haemorrhoids
Large bowel obstruction — malignant disease, volvulus and pseudo-obstruction
Perforated peptic ulcer
Pilonidal Disease — Off-Midline Doctrine, Flap Equivalence and Laser-Epilation Recurrence Control
Rectal Prolapse — Perineal-vs-Abdominal Recurrence Arithmetic, Ventral-Mesh Efficacy and Mesh-Consent Numbers
Small bowel obstruction
The acute abdomen — structured approach, assessment and decision-making

05

applied-science

12 entries

Acid-Base Balance in Surgical Patients — ABG Method, HAGMA/NAGMA, Lactate, Bicarbonate Verdict, Alkalosis, Stewart
Core Surgical Anatomy for the General Surgeon — Biliary Safety, Groin Vessels and Nerves, Thyroid Preservation, the Mesorectal Envelope, Watersheds, Appendix Positions, Axillary De-escalation and Right-Colon Vessels
Fluids & Electrolytes in Surgical Patients — Compartments, Crystalloids, Strategy, Sodium, Potassium, Acid-Base, Calcium
Haemostasis and Thrombosis for Surgeons — Clot by Cells, Stop Bleeding by Trial, Reverse by Number
Obesity and Metabolic Surgery for Surgeons — Count the Burden, Score the Risk, Choose by Trial, Follow for Life
Oncology Tumour Biology for Surgeons — Hallmarks, Sequence, MSI/Lynch/FAP, Angiogenesis, Metastasis, TNM, Grade, Margins, Markers, ctDNA, Sentinel, Neoadjuvant
Perioperative Pharmacology for Surgeons — Continue-or-Hold Lists, Cardiac and Diabetes Drugs, Anticoagulation, Analgesia, LAST, MH, VTE and SSI Principles
Shock Physiology for Surgeons — Four Categories, Oxygen Delivery, Microcirculation, Lactate Kinetics, Vasoplegia, Compensation, Monitoring
Surgical Immunology for Surgeons — Stress Response, SIRS/CARS, Sepsis Immunity, Steroids, Anaphylaxis, Tumour Immunity
Surgical Infection & Antimicrobials — Prophylaxis, cIAI, Source Control, NSTI, C. difficile, Stewardship
Surgical Nutrition — Screening, GLIM, ERAS Feeding, Immunonutrition, Refeeding, Fistula
Transfusion & Perioperative Coagulation — Thresholds, Components, Anticoagulants, Reversal, HIT, Reactions, TXA

06

surgical-critical-care

12 entries

Acute Kidney Injury in Surgical Patients — KDIGO Staging, Bundle Prevention, Fluids Discipline and Delayed RRT
ARDS in Surgical Patients — Berlin Definition, Low-Tidal-Volume Ventilation, Prone Positioning, Conservative Fluids and ECMO Rescue
Damage Control Resuscitation — Hypotensive Strategy, Balanced Ratios, Whole Blood, TXA Clock, Calcium and Viscoelastic Guidance
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Surgical Patients — SIC and JAAM-2 Early Detection, Transfusion Thresholds, Heparin Rules and Anticoagulant Evidence
ICU Nutrition in Surgical Patients — Enteral Dose, Parenteral Timing, Shock Gut, Protein, Immunonutrition, Refeeding and Glycaemic Targets
Massive Transfusion in Surgical Patients — MTP Triggers, Balanced 1:1:1 Ratios, TXA Timing, Fibrinogen, Calcium and Whole Blood
Multiorgan Dysfunction in Surgical Patients — Scores, Crosstalk, Support Sequencing and Survival
Postoperative Delirium in Surgical Patients — HELP Prevention, Depth Controversy, Drug Verdicts and Prognosis
Postoperative Respiratory Failure in Surgical Patients — Risk, Ventilation, Reversal, Analgesia, NIV Rescue, Transfusion Injury and Aspiration
Postoperative Sepsis — Fever Workup, Scores, Hour-1 Resuscitation, Source Control and the Device/Leak Sources
Shock in Surgical Patients — Four Categories, Perfusion-Targeted Resuscitation, Pressors, Blood and Cause Control
Surgical sepsis & source control — recognition, resuscitation and definitive management

07

endocrine

4 entries

Adrenal Incidentaloma and Phaeochromocytoma for the Surgeon — Image by Density, Block the Catecholamines, Resect by Biology
Neuroendocrine Tumours, Surgical — Grade the Biology, Spare Parenchyma Where Safe, and Resect Liver Disease by Extent
Thyroid Nodules and Cancer — Overdiagnosis Arithmetic, Bethesda with Molecular Rescue, Lobectomy and Surveillance Verdicts, and the Prophylactic Neck Question
Thyroid Storm and Post-Thyroidectomy Neck Haematoma — Resuscitate Multimodally, Operate Through Thyrotoxicosis When Indicated, and Rescue the Neck by the Hour

08

breast

8 entries

Axillary Management and Sentinel Node Biopsy for Surgeons — B-32 Staging, Z0011 and IBCSG Omission, AMAROS Radiotherapy Swap, SOUND Observation and Post-Neoadjuvant Targeted Dissection
Benign Breast Disease for Surgeons — Triple Assessment, Fibroadenoma Calm, Phyllodes Margins, Papilloma Upgrade Ladders, Radial-Scar Restraint and Atypia Risk
Breast Cancer for Surgeons — Screening, Triple Assessment, Receptors, BCT versus Mastectomy, Axillary De-escalation, EBCTCG Systemics
Breast Reconstruction for Surgeons — Implant versus Autologous Choice, Immediate versus Delayed Timing, ADM and Prepectoral Plane, DIEP Risk, PMRT Sequencing, Nipple-Sparing Safety and BREAST-Q Outcomes
Breast Screening and Assessment for Surgeons — Programmes, Intervals, Tomosynthesis, Dense Breasts, BI-RADS, Triple Assessment and DCIS
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ for Surgeons — Upgrade Rule, B-17/B-24, EORTC 15-Year, 2 mm Margins, Sentinel-Node Discipline, Endocrine Choice and the Surveillance Frontier
Gynaecomastia for Surgeons — Imbalance Mechanism, Pubertal Reassurance, 43% Adult Workup, Drug Lists, Selective Imaging and Long-Standing Surgery
Mastitis and Breast Abscess for Surgeons — Lactational Triage, Aspiration-First Drainage, Periductal Fistula Surgery and Granulomatous Restraint

09

endoscopy

2 entries

ERCP for the Surgeon — Prove the Stone, Earn the Cannulation, and Own the Duct Afterwards
Upper-GI Endoscopy, Surgical — Stratify Before Scoping, Treat by Forrest Stigma, and Escalate Failures to Clips, Embolization or Theatre

10

transplantation

3 entries

Kidney Transplantation for the Surgeon — List by Benefit, Anastomose Fast, Watch the Ureter and the Wound
Liver Transplantation for the Surgeon — Select by Biology, Preserve the Cava, Watch Artery and Duct
Transplant Immunosuppression for the Surgeon — Name the Rejection, Spend the Drugs Frugally

11

skin-soft-tissue

1 entry

Necrotising Soft-Tissue Infection — Cut Early, Cut Completely, and Re-Cut Until Clean

12

thoracic

2 entries

Pleural Empyema — Drain Early With a Small Tube, Stratify by RAPID, Lyse With t-PA Plus DNase, and Operate Where Fibrinolysis Fails
Spontaneous Pneumothorax — Conservative Where Stable, Aspiration Before Drain, Ambulatory With Eyes Open, and Surgery for Recurrence

13

paediatric-surgery

1 entry

Pyloric Stenosis — Resuscitate by Chloride, Confirm on Ultrasound, Split the Muscle, Feed Early