Anaes Vivas · Applied cardiovascular & respiratory physiology
Data viva — routes of administration and bioavailability
A Primary data viva — read a routes-of-administration comparison; explain 100 percent IV bioavailability, the onset ranking, the low oral bioavailability from first-pass metabolism, and the bypass routes (sublingual, intranasal, transdermal).
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A table compares six routes of drug administration by onset and bioavailability: intravenous (onset seconds, bioavailability 100 percent), inhalational (minutes, high), intramuscular (5 to 20 minutes, near-complete), subcutaneous (slow, near-complete), oral (30 to 90 minutes, 20 to 70 percent), transdermal (hours, variable). Interpret the table, explain why intravenous bioavailability is 100 percent, and account for the low bioavailability of the oral route.
References3ShowHide
- [1]van Mechelen JC, et al. Pharmacokinetics of orally administered S-ketamine. J Psychopharmacol, 2026.PMID 42345469
- [3]Siemiątkowska A, et al. Pharmacokinetic modeling and quantitative prediction of subcutaneous absorption of antibody-based therapeutics - An update. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2026.PMID 42251864
- [4]Garg I, et al. Understanding drug diffusion and permeation in transdermal patches: A kinetic perspective. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2026.PMID 42315040