Anaes SAQs · Applied cardiovascular & respiratory physiology
The coagulation cascade and its physiological control
Primary — primary haemostasis (platelet plug, vWF); intrinsic pathway (APTT, heparin); extrinsic pathway (PT/INR, warfarin); common pathway (thrombin, fibrin, XIII); natural anticoagulants (antithrombin, protein C/S); fibrinolysis (tPA, plasmin, D-dimer); heparin (antithrombin), warfarin (vitamin K, bridging), DOACs (direct thrombin or Xa); neuraxial safety.
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Prompt
Outline the coagulation cascade (intrinsic, extrinsic and common pathways) and the natural anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems. Explain the mechanisms of heparin, warfarin and the DOACs.
Question
Outline the coagulation cascade (intrinsic, extrinsic and common pathways) and the natural anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems. Explain the mechanisms of heparin, warfarin and the DOACs.
References4ShowHide
- [1]Capecchi M, et al. Contact pathway in COVID coagulopathy. Intern Emerg Med, 2025.PMID 41206422
- [6]Furman K, et al. A review of the perioperative management of direct oral anticoagulants for pediatric anesthesiologists. Paediatr Anaesth, 2024.PMID 39244715
- [2]Stoj KM. Factor V deficiency. StatPearls, 2026.PMID 35593819
- [4]Iba T, et al. Fibrinolytic insufficiency in sepsis DIC. Semin Thromb Hemost, 2026.PMID 41956121