Culture-bound syndromes and cultural concepts of distress — structured viva

Question 1 — Is "culture-bound syndrome" still a valid category?

Say this: the presentations are real; the category was flawed. It implied that syndromes are bounded by culture, that they are rare, and that Western categories are culture-free — and all three implications failed.^[1][6][4]

Evidence to name. Sumathipala found semen-loss anxiety described historically in Britain, the USA and Australia. Chowdhury noted that koro's occurrence across the world and across varied morbidities had already diluted its identity as a culture-bound syndrome.^[6][8]

Finish with nosology: DSM-5-TR uses cultural syndromes, idioms of distress and explanations; ICD-11 has no equivalent glossary.^[1][8]