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Psych TopicsPublic and community psychiatry

Psych · Public and community psychiatry

Climate change and eco-distress

Also known as Eco-anxiety · Climate anxiety · Ecological grief · Solastalgia · Climate distress · Disaster psychiatry · Heat and mental health · Planetary health psychiatry

Exam-exhaustive fellowship topic on climate change and mental health — disaster psychiatry after bushfire and flood, long-term PTSD trajectories and the second peak, heat effects on psychiatric illness, psychotropic thermoregulatory and lithium risk, eco-anxiety and ecological grief in youth, solastalgia, First Nations and rural vulnerability, the clinician's role and advocacy boundaries, and low-carbon practice. FRANZCP-primary, globally tagged.

low20 referencesUpdated 25 July 202617 min readVerification in progress

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Practise this topic12 MCQs with explanations

Target exams

FRANZCPMRCPsychABPNMD-DNBNEET-SS

Red flags

  • Fever, confusion or collapse on a hot day in a patient on antipsychotics or anticholinergics — heat stroke until proven otherwise; exclude NMS, serotonin toxicity and sepsis
  • Coarse tremor, vomiting or ataxia during a heatwave in a lithium-treated patient — check a level, do not assume relapse
  • Calling a summer deterioration a 'relapse' without a temperature, a lithium level and a fluid history
  • Pathologising a proportionate response to a real threat — eco-anxiety is not a diagnosis
  • Dismissing climate distress as 'just the news' in a young person whose functioning has visibly dropped
  • Closing post-disaster follow-up at two years when the burden peaks again around a decade
  • Routine single-session debriefing of a whole disaster-affected community
  • Imposing your own climate views inside the therapeutic frame, or advocating in a way that recruits patients
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Your progress

Saved on this device.

Practise this topic12 MCQs with explanations

Target exams

FRANZCPMRCPsychABPNMD-DNBNEET-SS

Red flags

  • Fever, confusion or collapse on a hot day in a patient on antipsychotics or anticholinergics — heat stroke until proven otherwise; exclude NMS, serotonin toxicity and sepsis
  • Coarse tremor, vomiting or ataxia during a heatwave in a lithium-treated patient — check a level, do not assume relapse
  • Calling a summer deterioration a 'relapse' without a temperature, a lithium level and a fluid history
  • Pathologising a proportionate response to a real threat — eco-anxiety is not a diagnosis
  • Dismissing climate distress as 'just the news' in a young person whose functioning has visibly dropped
  • Closing post-disaster follow-up at two years when the burden peaks again around a decade
  • Routine single-session debriefing of a whole disaster-affected community
  • Imposing your own climate views inside the therapeutic frame, or advocating in a way that recruits patients
The one-line answer

Climate reaches your clinic through three doors — the fire, the furnace and the forecast: acute disasters that cause trauma and loss, ambient heat that destabilises illness and poisons your prescribing, and anticipatory distress that is real, common, and not a diagnosis. Validate the threat, treat the disorder if there is one, and restore the person's agency.[1][4][11][19]

Meet the patient

Late February. A 27-year-old woman on lithium comes to clinic three days into a heatwave, brought by her sister because she is "manic again" — irritable, unsteady, vomiting since yesterday, not sleeping. The air-conditioner in her flat died last week.[8][9]

In the same waiting room sits a 17-year-old whose family lost their house in a bushfire two summers ago. He is not sleeping either. He tells you he cannot see the point of finishing school "if the next one comes".[11][12]

Two patients, one climate, and two completely different errors available to you: treating the first as a relapse, and treating the second as a disorder. This topic is how you avoid both.[1][8]

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References20ShowHide
  1. [1]Hickman C, Marks E, Pihkala P, et al. Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: a global survey Lancet Planet Health, 2021.PMID 34895496
  2. [2]Albrecht G, Sartore GM, Connor L, et al. Solastalgia: the distress caused by environmental change Australas Psychiatry, 2007.PMID 18027145
  3. [3]Vela Sandquist A, Biele L, Ehlert U, et al. Is solastalgia associated with mental health problems? A scoping review BMJ Ment Health, 2025.PMID 40763988
  4. [4]Thompson R, Lawrance EL, Roberts LF, et al. Ambient temperature and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis Lancet Planet Health, 2023.PMID 37437999
  5. [5]Nori-Sarma A, Sun S, Sun Y, et al. Association Between Ambient Heat and Risk of Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health Among US Adults, 2010 to 2019 JAMA Psychiatry, 2022.PMID 35195664
  6. [6]Kim Y, Kim H, Gasparrini A, et al. Suicide and Ambient Temperature: A Multi-Country Multi-City Study Environ Health Perspect, 2019.PMID 31769300
  7. [7]Hansen A, Bi P, Nitschke M, et al. The effect of heat waves on mental health in a temperate Australian city Environ Health Perspect, 2008.PMID 18941580
  8. [8]Martin-Latry K, Goumy MP, Latry P, et al. Psychotropic drugs use and risk of heat-related hospitalisation Eur Psychiatry, 2007.PMID 17513091
  9. [9]Kalisch Ellett LM, Pratt NL, Le Blanc VT, et al. Increased risk of hospital admission for dehydration or heat-related illness after initiation of medicines: a sequence symmetry analysis J Clin Pharm Ther, 2016.PMID 27378245
  10. [10]Hoffmann MS, Oliveira LM, Lobato MI, et al. Heat stroke during long-term clozapine treatment: should we be concerned about hot weather? Trends Psychiatry Psychother, 2016.PMID 27074342
  11. [11]Bryant RA, Gibbs L, Colin Gallagher H, et al. The dynamic course of psychological outcomes following the Victorian Black Saturday bushfires Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2021.PMID 33176436
  12. [12]Kemel P, Porter JE, Remedios L, et al. Bushfire and adolescent mental health: A systematic review Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2025.PMID 41020783
  13. [13]Dückers MLA, Stroebe MS, Baliatsas C, et al. The Long-Term Mental Health Impact of Disasters: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Epidemiological Studies Harv Rev Psychiatry, 2026.PMID 41706503
  14. [14]Hobfoll SE, Watson P, Bell CC, et al. Five essential elements of immediate and mid-term mass trauma intervention: empirical evidence Psychiatry, 2007.PMID 18181708
  15. [15]Waite TD, Chaintarli K, Beck CR, et al. The English national cohort study of flooding and health: cross-sectional analysis of mental health outcomes at year one BMC Public Health, 2017.PMID 28129752
  16. [16]Upward K, Usher K, Saunders V The impact of climate change on country and community and the role of mental health professionals working with Aboriginal communities in recovery and promoting resilience Int J Ment Health Nurs, 2023.PMID 37303264
  17. [17]Austin EK, Kiem AS A review of the relationship between mental health, wellbeing and drought resilience in rural, regional and remote communities Front Psychiatry, 2025.PMID 40491681
  18. [18]Trott M, Lockett C, Arnautovska U, et al. Natural disasters and suicidality in Australia: a systematic review Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 2026.PMID 42360423
  19. [19]Wasmus H, Fleck L, Schmidt T, et al. Addressing youths' climate change-related distress: a qualitative study on the experience of burden, triggering and protective factors BMJ Ment Health, 2025.PMID 41043970
  20. [20]Yarlagadda S, Maughan D, Lingwood S, et al. Sustainable psychiatry in the UK Psychiatr Bull (2014), 2014.PMID 25505629

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