Psych · Psychopharmacology — SSRIs
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Also known as SSRIs · Fluoxetine · Sertraline · Citalopram · Escitalopram · Paroxetine · Fluvoxamine · SSRI discontinuation · Black box antidepressant
Exam-exhaustive fellowship class monograph on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors — agents, adult doses, pharmacokinetics and CYP differences, licensed indications, black-box early suicide monitoring, sexual dysfunction, hyponatraemia, bleeding, QTc ceilings, serotonin toxicity, discontinuation, switching and MAOI washouts, special populations. FRANZCP-primary, globally tagged.
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10 MCQs with explanations
Target exams
Red flags
Meet the patient
A 28-year-old nurse on paroxetine 20 mg for panic disorder runs out of tablets over a long weekend. By day three she is dizzy, nauseated, weeping, and describes "electric shocks" shooting through her head every time she turns it quickly. The after-hours GP calls it a virus and prescribes an antiemetic.[18][20]
It is not a virus. It is paroxetine discontinuation syndrome, and the half-life of the drug — not the strength of her personality — is what put her in the chair. Every examinable thing about SSRIs hangs off three properties of the molecule: what it grabs (SERT), how long it lingers (half-life), and what it disturbs on the way through (CYP and platelets).[2][18]
This leaf takes the antidepressant class page deeper on the SSRI six. Read it as the answer to: "Which SSRI, what dose, what monitoring, and what will go wrong if you stop paying attention?"[1][6]
You have read the opening of this topic. The complete unit — every section and its primary-source references — is part of the Psychiatry Fellowship fellowship atlas.
References28Show ledgerHide ledger
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- [2]Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis Lancet, 2009.PMID 19185342
- [3]Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Wisniewski SR, et al. Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR*D: implications for clinical practice Am J Psychiatry, 2006.PMID 16390886
- [4]Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, et al. Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report Am J Psychiatry, 2006.PMID 17074942
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- [6]Malhi GS, Bell E, Bassett D, et al. The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2021.PMID 33353391
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- [9]Hammad TA, Laughren T, Racoosin J Suicidality in pediatric patients treated with antidepressant drugs Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2006.PMID 16520440
- [10]Stone M, Laughren T, Jones ML, et al. Risk of suicidality in clinical trials of antidepressants in adults: analysis of proprietary data submitted to US Food and Drug Administration BMJ, 2009.PMID 19671933
- [11]Montejo AL, Llorca G, Izquierdo JA, et al. Incidence of sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant agents: a prospective multicenter study of 1022 outpatients J Clin Psychiatry, 2001.PMID 11229449
- [12]Movig KL, Leufkens HG, Lenderink AW, et al. Association between antidepressant drug use and hyponatraemia: a case-control study Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2002.PMID 11966666
- [13]Dalton SO, Johansen C, Mellemkjaer L, et al. Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding: a population-based cohort study Arch Intern Med, 2003.PMID 12523917
- [14]Castro VM, Clements CC, Murphy SN, et al. QT interval and antidepressant use: a cross sectional study of electronic health records BMJ, 2013.PMID 23360890
- [15]Beach SR, Kostis WJ, Celano CM, et al. Meta-analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-associated QTc prolongation J Clin Psychiatry, 2014.PMID 24922496
- [16]Dunkley EJ, Isbister GK, Sibbritt D, et al. The Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria: simple and accurate diagnostic decision rules for serotonin toxicity QJM, 2003.PMID 12925718
- [17]Boyer EW, Shannon M The serotonin syndrome N Engl J Med, 2005.PMID 15784664
- [18]Schatzberg AF, Blier P, Delgado PL, et al. Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome: consensus panel recommendations for clinical management and additional research J Clin Psychiatry, 2006.PMID 16683860
- [19]Fava GA, Gatti A, Belaise C, et al. Withdrawal Symptoms after Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Discontinuation: A Systematic Review Psychother Psychosom, 2015.PMID 25721705
- [20]Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Hoog SL, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome: a randomized clinical trial Biol Psychiatry, 1998.PMID 9646889
- [21]Gao SY, Wu QJ, Sun C, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use during early pregnancy and congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of more than 9 million births BMC Med, 2018.PMID 30415641
- [22]Geddes JR, Carney SM, Davies C, et al. Relapse prevention with antidepressant drug treatment in depressive disorders: a systematic review Lancet, 2003.PMID 12606176
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- [25]Whyte IM, Dawson AH, Buckley NA Relative toxicity of venlafaxine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in overdose compared to tricyclic antidepressants QJM, 2003.PMID 12702786
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