Psych · Psychopharmacology — lamotrigine
Lamotrigine
Also known as Lamictal · LTG · Lamotrigine bipolar · Lamotrigine titration · Lamotrigine SJS
Exam-exhaustive fellowship monograph on lamotrigine — depression-pole maintenance evidence (Calabrese, Bowden, Goodwin pooled, Geddes meta), slow titration schedules, SJS/TEN/DRESS stop rules, valproate and combined oral contraceptive pharmacokinetic interactions, pregnancy hierarchy, CANMAT/ISBD positioning. FRANZCP-primary, globally tagged.
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Target exams
Red flags
- Any rash with mucosal involvement, blistering, skin detachment or systemic features on lamotrigine — stop immediately and escalate SJS/TEN pathway
- Fever, lymphadenopathy, facial oedema or organ involvement weeks into therapy — consider DRESS; stop drug
- Rapid load or high starting dose — serious rash risk amplifier; never rush titration
- Starting lamotrigine with valproate on a monotherapy schedule — pharmacokinetic overdose of LTG
- Starting or stopping combined hormonal contraception without reviewing lamotrigine dose and mood/seizure control
- Using lamotrigine alone for acute mania — wrong polarity tool
Meet the patient
A 29-year-old with bipolar disorder has been well for two years on lamotrigine 200 mg daily. She is admitted with a manic relapse, misses five days of tablets in the chaos of transfer, and is restarted on her usual dose. Sodium valproate is added the same afternoon for the mania.[9][10]
On day ten she has a spreading rash across her trunk, and there is an erosion on her lower lip.[8][14]
Two errors, both invisible on the drug chart. She was restarted at maintenance after a multi-day gap instead of re-titrating, and valproate was added without switching her to the co-therapy schedule. Both are documented risk amplifiers for serious cutaneous reactions — and the lip tells you which pathway you are now on.[8][9][10][14]
References18ShowHide
- [1]Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, Sachs GS, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of lamotrigine monotherapy in outpatients with bipolar I depression. Lamictal 602 Study Group J Clin Psychiatry, 1999.PMID 10084633
- [2]Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, Sachs G, et al. A placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance treatment in recently manic or hypomanic patients with bipolar I disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2003.PMID 12695317
- [3]Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, Sachs G, et al. A placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance treatment in recently depressed patients with bipolar I disorder J Clin Psychiatry, 2003.PMID 14628976
- [4]Goodwin GM, Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, et al. A pooled analysis of 2 placebo-controlled 18-month trials of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance in bipolar I disorder J Clin Psychiatry, 2004.PMID 15096085
- [5]Calabrese JR, Huffman RF, White RL, et al. Lamotrigine in the acute treatment of bipolar depression: results of five double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials Bipolar Disord, 2008.PMID 18271912
- [6]Geddes JR, Calabrese JR, Goodwin GM Lamotrigine for treatment of bipolar depression: independent meta-analysis and meta-regression of individual patient data from five randomised trials Br J Psychiatry, 2009.PMID 19118318
- [7]Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, McElroy SL, et al. Spectrum of activity of lamotrigine in treatment-refractory bipolar disorder Am J Psychiatry, 1999.PMID 10401445
- [8]Guberman AH, Besag FM, Brodie MJ, et al. Lamotrigine-associated rash: risk/benefit considerations in adults and children Epilepsia, 1999.PMID 10403224
- [9]Messenheimer JA, Guberman AH Rash with lamotrigine: dosing guidelines Epilepsia, 2000.PMID 10756418
- [10]Yuen AW, Land G, Weatherley BC, et al. Sodium valproate acutely inhibits lamotrigine metabolism Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1992.PMID 1524964
- [11]Sabers A, Ohman I, Christensen J, et al. Oral contraceptives reduce lamotrigine plasma levels Neurology, 2003.PMID 12939444
- [12]Christensen J, Petrenaite V, Atterman J, et al. Oral contraceptives induce lamotrigine metabolism: evidence from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Epilepsia, 2007.PMID 17346247
- [13]Sidhu J, Job S, Singh S, et al. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences of the co-administration of lamotrigine and a combined oral contraceptive in healthy female subjects Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2006.PMID 16433873
- [14]Mockenhaupt M, Viboud C, Dunant A, et al. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: assessment of medication risks with emphasis on recently marketed drugs. The EuroSCAR-study J Invest Dermatol, 2008.PMID 17805350
- [15]Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, Parikh SV, et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder Bipolar Disord, 2018.PMID 29536616
- [16]Miura T, Noma H, Furukawa TA, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis Lancet Psychiatry, 2014.PMID 26360999
- [17]Tomson T, Battino D, Bonizzoni E, et al. Comparative risk of major congenital malformations with eight different antiepileptic drugs: a prospective cohort study of the EURAP registry Lancet Neurol, 2018.PMID 29680205
- [18]Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, et al. Cognitive function at 3 years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs N Engl J Med, 2009.PMID 19369666