Psych · Foundations — physical examination and investigations
Physical examination and investigations in psychiatry
Also known as Medical work-up in psychiatry · Organic exclusion psychiatry · Baseline investigations psychotropics · Metabolic monitoring antipsychotics · QTc monitoring psychiatry · Physical health SMI · Neurological examination psychiatry · FEP medical clearance
Exam-exhaustive fellowship reference on physical examination and investigations in psychiatry — neurological exam essentials, tiered baseline and red-flag work-up, metabolic monitoring before and during psychotropics, ECG/QTc decision rules, when to order CT/MRI/LP/EEG/autoimmune testing, and organic exclusion algorithms. FRANZCP-primary, globally tagged.
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10 MCQs with explanations
Target exams
Red flags
Meet the patient — and the registrar's relief
A 24-year-old man is brought in agitated, mute, and febrile after a week of flu-like illness. The registrar writes "psychiatric admission, medically cleared" on the strength of a normal set of obs taken three hours ago. By the time you reach the bed, his attention is fluctuating and his CK is rising.[16][1]
"Medically cleared" is not a clearance — it is a timestamp. Every examiner favourite in this topic (excess cardiometabolic mortality, drug-induced QTc, missed encephalitis, missed delirium) is preventable with a disciplined exam and monitoring plan, and every one of them is fatal if you skip it.[4][5][6][16]
Etymology for viva gold: iatrogenic, from Greek iatros, "physician", plus genesis, "origin". Half of the harm this topic exists to prevent is the harm our own prescriptions cause — which is why monitoring is the intervention, not the paperwork.[6]
You have read the opening of this topic. The complete unit — every section and its primary-source references — is part of the Psychiatry Fellowship fellowship atlas.
References21Show ledgerHide ledger
- [1]Freudenreich O, Schulz SC, Goff DC Initial medical work-up of first-episode psychosis: a conceptual review Early Interv Psychiatry, 2009.PMID 21352170
- [2]American Diabetes Association; American Psychiatric Association; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; North American Association for the Study of Obesity Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes Diabetes Care, 2004.PMID 14747245
- [3]Marder SR, Essock SM, Miller AL, et al. Physical health monitoring of patients with schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry, 2004.PMID 15285957
- [4]De Hert M, Dekker JM, Wood D, et al. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people with severe mental illness position statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Eur Psychiatry, 2009.PMID 19682863
- [5]Mitchell AJ, Delaffon V, Vancampfort D, et al. Guideline concordant monitoring of metabolic risk in people treated with antipsychotic medication: systematic review and meta-analysis of screening practices Psychol Med, 2012.PMID 21846426
- [6]Glassman AH, Bigger JT Jr Antipsychotic drugs: prolonged QTc interval, torsade de pointes, and sudden death Am J Psychiatry, 2001.PMID 11691681
- [7]Ray WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, et al. Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death N Engl J Med, 2009.PMID 19144938
- [8]Beach SR, Celano CM, Noseworthy PA, et al. QTc prolongation, torsades de pointes, and psychotropic medications Psychosomatics, 2013.PMID 23295003
- [9]Funk MC, Beach SR, Bostwick JR, et al. QTc Prolongation and Psychotropic Medications Am J Psychiatry, 2020.PMID 32114782
- [10]Reilly JG, Ayis SA, Ferrier IN, et al. QTc-interval abnormalities and psychotropic drug therapy in psychiatric patients Lancet, 2000.PMID 10744090
- [11]Drew BJ, Ackerman MJ, Funk M, et al. Prevention of torsade de pointes in hospital settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation Circulation, 2010.PMID 20142454
- [12]Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, et al. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis Lancet Neurol, 2016.PMID 26906964
- [13]Pollak TA, Lennox BR, Müller S, et al. Autoimmune psychosis: an international consensus on an approach to the diagnosis and management of psychosis of suspected autoimmune origin Lancet Psychiatry, 2020.PMID 31669058
- [14]Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG, et al. Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies Lancet Neurol, 2008.PMID 18851928
- [15]Herken J, Prüss H Red Flags: Clinical Signs for Identifying Autoimmune Encephalitis in Psychiatric Patients Front Psychiatry, 2017.PMID 28261116
- [16]Marcantonio ER Delirium in Hospitalized Older Adults N Engl J Med, 2017.PMID 29020579
- [17]Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, et al. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium Ann Intern Med, 1990.PMID 2240918
- [18]Castle D, Li A Physical health monitoring for people with schizophrenia Aust Prescr, 2023.PMID 38152317
- [19]Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia N Engl J Med, 2005.PMID 16172203
- [20]Lambert TJ, Reavley NJ, Jorm AF, et al. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists expert consensus statement for the treatment, management and monitoring of the physical health of people with an enduring psychotic illness Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2017.PMID 28343435
- [21]Albon E, Tsourapas A, Frew E, et al. Structural neuroimaging in psychosis: a systematic review and economic evaluation Health Technol Assess, 2008.PMID 18462577