Paeds Vivas · allergy-and-immunology
Vaccination of immunocompromised children — branching viva
Branching viva on vaccinating the immunocompromised child: the threat gate that excludes a combined T-cell defect before any live vaccine, sorting each vaccine into live-attenuated versus inactivated, the corticosteroid threshold and its washout, timing after transplant and chemotherapy, household cocooning, and verifying serology after haematopoietic stem cell transplant.
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Opening framework
My framework has four questions, applied in order. First, what is the immune defect — could this be a combined T-cell defect, which is the one state that turns a safe live vaccine into fatal disease? Second, is the vaccine in question live-attenuated or inactivated, because that single sorting decides the safety question. Third, what is the timing relative to the immunosuppression — corticosteroid dose and duration, chemotherapy cycle, time since transplant. Fourth, how will I verify that the vaccine worked, because in this population a complete record does not equal immunity. [1]
References5ShowHide
- [1]Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P, et al. 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis, 2014.PMID 24421306
- [2]National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep, 2011.PMID 21293327
- [5]Gennery AR. Severe combined immunodeficiency: newborn screening and the BCG vaccination. Arch Dis Child, 2022.PMID 35973752
- [7]Bakare N, Menschik D, Tiernan R, et al. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and rotavirus vaccination: reports to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS). Vaccine, 2010.PMID 20674876
- [8]Hudspeth MP, et al. Post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant immunization practices in the Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2010.PMID 20135703