Paeds Vivas · infectious-diseases
Infections in immunocompromised children — viva
Branching structured oral on the approach to infections in immunocompromised children.
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Prompt
You are the paediatric registrar. The oncology liaison nurse calls about three children: a 6-year-old on chemotherapy with fever and a central line, a 4-year-old post-HSCT with hypoxaemia and a clear chest, and a 3-year-old with sickle cell disease and fever.
Opening (must-hit)
"Fever in an immunocompromised child is an emergency regardless of appearance. I clear the threat gate first — any toxic or shocked child gets the sepsis bundle within the hour. If stable, I take cultures from every line lumen and a peripheral site, confirm the current neutrophil count, and give empiric anti-pseudomonal therapy within 60 minutes. The immune-defect type tells me which organisms to fear." [1] [3]
References6ShowHide
- [1]Lehrnbecher T Guideline for the Management of Fever and Neutropenia in Pediatric Patients With Cancer and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: 2023 Update. Journal of clinical oncology, 2023.PMID 36689694
- [2]Schlapbach LJ International Consensus Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock. JAMA, 2024.PMID 38245889
- [3]Weiss SL Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children 2026. Pediatric critical care medicine, 2026.PMID 41869844
- [4]De S Lack of Accuracy of Body Temperature for Detecting Serious Bacterial Infection in Febrile Episodes. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2015.PMID 26065864
- [5]Maertens J ECIL guidelines for preventing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2016.PMID 27550992
- [6]Lee GM Preventing infections in children and adults with asplenia. Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program, 2020.PMID 33275684