Paeds Vivas · growth-development-and-behaviour
General movements and HINE — branching viva
Viva on GMs, HINE, combined early detection and family communication.
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Target exams
RACP DCEMRCPCH Clinical
Prompt
Neonatal follow-up: 4-month corrected-age high-risk infant with motor concerns; trained GMs and HINE available.
Branch A — Definitions
Examiner: What are general movements and what is HINE?
Candidate: General movements are spontaneous whole-body movements assessed qualitatively for fluency, variability and age-typical fidgety character using Prechtl’s trained method. HINE is a structured scored neurological examination of the infant that yields an optimality profile. [4] [5] [6]
References14ShowHide
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- [2]Bosanquet M A systematic review of tests to predict cerebral palsy in young children. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2013.PMID 23574478
- [3]Morgan C The Pooled Diagnostic Accuracy of Neuroimaging, General Movements, and Neurological Examination for Diagnosing Cerebral Palsy Early in High-Risk Infants: A Case Control Study. Journal of clinical medicine, 2019.PMID 31694305
- [4]Prechtl HF State of the art of a new functional assessment of the young nervous system. An early predictor of cerebral palsy. Early human development, 1997.PMID 9467689
- [5]Einspieler C Cerebral Palsy: Early Markers of Clinical Phenotype and Functional Outcome. Journal of clinical medicine, 2019.PMID 31590221
- [6]Haataja L Optimality score for the neurologic examination of the infant at 12 and 18 months of age. The Journal of pediatrics, 1999.PMID 10431108
- [7]Romeo DM Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination in infants born at term: Predicting outcomes other than cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2022.PMID 35201619
- [8]Fehlings D The Hammersmith Infant Neurological Exam Scoring Aid supports early detection for infants with high probability of cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2024.PMID 38818710
- [9]Romeo DM Neurological assessment tool for screening infants during the first year after birth: The Brief-Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2024.PMID 38287208
- [10]Morgan C Early Intervention for Children Aged 0 to 2 Years With or at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy: International Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Systematic Reviews. JAMA pediatrics, 2021.PMID 33999106
- [12]Te Velde A Age of Diagnosis, Fidelity and Acceptability of an Early Diagnosis Clinic for Cerebral Palsy: A Single Site Implementation Study. Brain sciences, 2021.PMID 34439692
- [14]Einspieler C Are abnormal fidgety movements an early marker for complex minor neurological dysfunction at puberty? Early human development, 2007.PMID 17129688
- [16]Kwong AK Early high risk of cerebral palsy classification is predictive of cerebral palsy at 2 years: an implementation cohort study. Archives of disease in childhood, 2025.PMID 40877021
- [18]Rosenbaum P A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Developmental medicine and child neurology. Supplement, 2007.PMID 17370477