Drowning prevention and water safety — branching viva

Stem

You are in a toddler well-child visit. There is a backyard pool and a summer boat holiday. ^[1]

Examiner: Define drowning without using the term near-drowning. ^[3]

Strong answer: Respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid. It may be fatal or non-fatal, with or without morbidity. ^[3]

Examiner: They want to delay the fence until after lessons. What do you say? ^[1]

Strong answer: Lessons are useful later as an adjunct, but they do not replace isolation fencing or continuous supervision. A four-sided fence with a self-closing self-latching gate is a high-yield structural control now. ^{[1] [6] [8]}

Examiner: What boat advice do you give for their child? ^[1]

Strong answer: A correctly fitted life jacket or PFD before the boat moves. Arm bands are not life-saving devices. Swim ability does not remove the need. ^{[1] [11]}

Examiner: Child found unresponsive in the pool — first priorities? ^[14]

Strong answer: Safe removal, open airway, ventilate and start CPR as indicated, call emergency services. Do not delay oxygen delivery with unproven water-emptying manoeuvres. ^{[5] [14]}

Examiner: Give a one-minute layered prevention summary. ^[2]

Strong answer: Watch continuously, barrier the water, use fitted flotation on boats, teach swim skills as adjunct, no alcohol around water recreation, and make sure adults can do CPR. Layers beat single fixes. ^{[1] [2]}