Developmental dysplasia of the hip — branching viva

Outpatient clinic: a five-week-old girl born in the breech position has a clunk on the left Ortolani test and a Graf type III hip on ultrasound. The examiner asks: describe your Ortolani and Barlow examination, give your Graf classification and thresholds, and state your management — then branches to the three-week reduction check, the abandonment of the harness to avoid avascular necrosis, the differential of the clunk versus the click, and finally to a two-year-old with a painless limp that reframes the diagnosis as a late-presenting dislocation.