Paeds Cases · infectious-diseases
Explaining measles isolation, prophylaxis and catch-up vaccination — OSCE
Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on a suspected measles case in an unvaccinated school-age child: explaining the diagnosis, the airborne isolation and four-day exclusion rule, why the household — including a pregnant aunt and an infant sibling — needs urgent assessment and post-exposure prophylaxis within its window, why the unvaccinated schoolmates need MMR within 72 hours, and how the catch-up vaccination campaign that lifts coverage above the herd-immunity threshold prevents the next outbreak.
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Candidate instructions (8-minute station)
You are the paediatric registrar in the clinic. A 6-year-old child who has never been vaccinated has four days of fever, cough, coryza and conjunctivitis, and today a blotchy rash spreading from behind the ears downward. You suspect measles and have sent IgM and PCR. Several unvaccinated schoolmates have a similar illness. At home there is a 10-week-old infant sibling, and the child's aunt, who is 28 weeks pregnant, visits daily. [3]
Your tasks are: [1]
- Explain the suspected diagnosis of measles and what the illness and its complications look like, in plain language. [3]
- Explain the airborne isolation and exclusion plan — why the child must stay home until four days after the rash — and why it matters even though the child may be improving. [1]
- Explain why the 10-week-old infant sibling and the 28-weeks-pregnant aunt need same-day assessment and prophylaxis within the window, and what that involves. [2]
- Explain why the unvaccinated schoolmates need MMR within 72 hours, and how the catch-up vaccination campaign that lifts coverage above the herd-immunity threshold prevents the next outbreak. [11]
You are not expected to take the full contact-tracing history yourself or to prescribe immunoglobulin doses without senior review — flag that the infant and the pregnant aunt need same-day assessment. [2]
References6ShowHide
- [1]WHO Measles vaccines: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 2009.PMID 19714924
- [2]McLean HQ; Fiebelkorn AP; Tempte JL; Wallace GS Prevention of measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and mumps, 2013: summary recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep, 2013.PMID 23760231
- [3]Perry RT; Halsey NA The clinical significance of measles: a review. J Infect Dis, 2004.PMID 15106083
- [6]Phadke VK; Bednarczyk RA; Salmon DA; Omer SB Association Between Vaccine Refusal and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States: A Review of Measles and Pertussis. JAMA, 2016.PMID 26978210
- [7]Gastañaduy PA; Budd J; Fisher N; Redd SB; et al A Measles Outbreak in an Underimmunized Amish Community in Ohio. N Engl J Med, 2016.PMID 27705270
- [11]Funk S; Knapp JK; Lebo E; Reef SE; et al Combining serological and contact data to derive target immunity levels for achieving and maintaining measles elimination. BMC Med, 2019.PMID 31551070