Reassure and counsel a parent after reducing a nursemaid's elbow — OSCE

Communication framework

Establish what the father already understands and feels. Ask him to tell you, in his own words, what has happened and what he is most worried about. The guilt at having caused the injury by lifting her, the fear that he has broken her arm or caused permanent damage, and the practical worry about the daily lifting behaviour are the three things you will spend the most time addressing, and you address them with plain language and with the reassurance of the anatomy and the outcome. Do not minimise his guilt — name it, and relieve it with the facts. ^[4]

Explain the diagnosis in plain language, without jargon. Tell him that his daughter has a nursemaid's elbow — a very common and minor injury in young children, in which a small band of tissue around the elbow, called the annular ligament, slipped out of place when the arm was pulled, and that the arm could not rotate properly because the band was caught. Avoid the words subluxation and reduction unless you translate them, and tell him plainly that nothing is broken, the bone is not injured, and the band has now been guided back into place. The proof is right in front of him: she is already reaching for the toy with that arm. ^[1]

Address the guilt and the fear of damage directly. The reason this happened is that in children under about five, this ligament is thin and loose, and it is easily displaced by a pull — it is the normal anatomy of her age, not a weakness in her arm and not a sign of anything wrong. He has not caused permanent damage, and the elbow will recover fully. By the time she is about five, the ligament thickens and the problem simply stops happening. He did nothing negligent; this is one of the commonest reasons a toddler comes to the emergency department. ^[4]