Paeds Cases · fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal
Neonatal hypotonia and neuromuscular weakness — structured clinical encounter
Structured encounter testing the approach to a weak, areflexic, alert infant with spinal muscular atrophy: the central/peripheral split, the genetic confirmation, and the timing and evidence of disease-modifying therapy.
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Station brief (candidate)
You are the neonatal registrar. A 3-month-old former term infant is referred with progressive floppiness, symmetric proximal weakness, tongue fasciculations and absent deep tendon reflexes. Between episodes the infant is alert and socially engaged. The creatine kinase is normal. The team asks you to make the bedside diagnosis, arrange the confirming test, and outline the disease-modifying therapy and its timing. You have 12 minutes with the team and 5 minutes for examiner discussion. [10]
References6ShowHide
- [1]Finkel RS; Mercuri E; Darras BT; Connolly AM; et al Nusinersen versus Sham Control in Infantile-Onset Spinal Muscular Atrophy. N Engl J Med, 2017.PMID 29091570
- [2]Strauss KA; Farrar MA; Muntoni F; Saito K; et al Onasemnene abeparvovec for presymptomatic infants with three copies of SMN2 at risk for spinal muscular atrophy: the Phase III SPR1NT trial. Nat Med, 2022.PMID 35715567
- [3]Mercuri E; Finkel RS; Muntoni F; Wirth B; et al Diagnosis and management of spinal muscular atrophy: Part 1: Recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, orthopedic and nutritional care. Neuromuscul Disord, 2018.PMID 29290580
- [5]Glascock J; Sampson J; Haidet-Phillips A; Connolly A; et al Treatment Algorithm for Infants Diagnosed with Spinal Muscular Atrophy through Newborn Screening. J Neuromuscul Dis, 2018.PMID 29614695
- [9]Ostojić S; Kovačević G; Meola G; Pešović J; et al Main features and disease outcome of congenital myotonic dystrophy - experience from a single tertiary center. Neuromuscul Disord, 2024.PMID 38810326
- [10]Bodensteiner JB The evaluation of the hypotonic infant. Semin Pediatr Neurol, 2008.PMID 18342256