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Paeds Casesrespiratory-sleep-and-airway

Paeds Cases · respiratory-sleep-and-airway

Bronchiectasis in children — clinical case

Clinical case of a school-aged child with a chronic wet cough progressing to bronchiectasis, illustrating the suppurative lung disease continuum, the aetiological work-up, and airway-clearance-and-antibiotic management.

respiratory long case2 min readVerification in progress

Target exams

RACP DCEMRCPCH ClinicalABP General Pediatrics
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Target exams

RACP DCEMRCPCH ClinicalABP General Pediatrics
Prompt
An 8-year-old girl is seen in a regional clinic with a daily wet cough that has persisted for six months. She has had four courses of antibiotics in the past year, each briefly improving but never clearing the cough, and her parents say she is never really well. She is on the 10th centile for weight, has early digital clubbing, and has fixed coarse crackles at the left base. A chest radiograph shows left lower lobe peribronchial thickening.

Case summary

This girl presents with the defining picture of chronic suppurative lung disease: a daily wet cough lasting six months that briefly improves with antibiotics but never clears, in a child who is never really well. The essential clinical insight is that a wet cough recurring after antibiotics is not a run of viruses but an airway that cannot clear itself, and with early digital clubbing, faltering growth, and a fixed focal chest sign she has crossed from ordinary recurrent illness into established suppurative disease heading toward bronchiectasis. [1] [2]

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References3ShowHide
  1. [1]Chang AB, Bush A, Grimwood K Bronchiectasis in children: diagnosis and treatment. Lancet, 2018.PMID 30215382
  2. [2]Chang AB, Bell SC, Torzillo PJ, et al Chronic suppurative lung disease and bronchiectasis in children and adults in Australia and New Zealand Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand guidelines. Med J Aust, 2015.PMID 25588439
  3. [3]Goyal V, Grimwood K, Byrnes CA, et al Amoxicillin-clavulanate versus azithromycin for respiratory exacerbations in children with bronchiectasis (BEST-2): a multicentre, double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2018.PMID 30241722
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