GP KFPs / SAQs · mental-health
Suicide risk assessment and safety planning — KFP-style written assessment
KFP-style staged scenarios on suicide risk assessment: direct asking, formulation over prediction, building a Stanley-Brown safety plan, means restriction with family, post-discharge caring contacts, and referral thresholds under mental health law.
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Target exams
RACGP KFPRACGP AKTMRCGP AKT
Prompt
Suicide risk: ask directly, formulate honestly, plan together, restrict the means, never lose contact
KFP 1 (10 marks)
A 52-year-old farmer presents at your rural practice after his wife insisted. He has been drinking more since drought destroyed his crops, and last week he tells you quietly he "wouldn't mind not waking up". He owns rifles for fox control. His father died by suicide twenty years ago. You have twenty minutes. [5]
- How will you open the conversation about suicide, and what does evidence say about the safety of asking? (3) [5]
- Map his presentation onto chronic factors, dynamic states and acute warning signs — what must you actively probe next? (4) [6]
- His passive ideation has no active plan today. Outline the safety plan you will build before he leaves. (3) [8]
Model answers
- Ask plainly and directly: "Sometimes when people carry this much weight, they think about ending their life — are you having thoughts like that?" Systematic review found no study showing induced ideation among people asked; acknowledging suicide may reduce rather than increase it. Direct asking is safe and improves honesty. [5]
- Chronic/static: prior family suicide (father), male sex, middle age, firearm ownership, occupational loss and financial ruin. Dynamic: depression, increased alcohol, hopelessness, drought stressor. Acute warning signs to probe NOW: active ideation, any plan, preparatory acts (putting affairs in order, giving things away), timeframe, and specifically access to loaded/stored firearms. Preparatory behaviour or stated intent converts today into same-day referral regardless of scores. [6]
- Build a Stanley-Brown six-step plan in his words: (1) his warning signs (drinking alone after market reports); (2) internal coping (walking the boundary, workshop time); (3) distraction people/places (neighbour's shed, footy club); (4) people he can tell (wife, brother); (5) professionals and crisis line numbers; (6) means restriction — wife or licensed dealer holds the rifles' ammunition and bolt during this period, medications locked. Book review within days; give crisis numbers in writing. [8]
References8ShowHide
- [1]Motto JA et al. A randomized controlled trial of postcrisis suicide prevention. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 2001.PMID 11376235
- [2]Owens D et al. Fatal and non-fatal repetition of self-harm. Systematic review. The British journal of psychiatry, 2002.PMID 12204922
- [3]Brown GK et al. Cognitive therapy for the prevention of suicide attempts: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2005.PMID 16077050
- [4]Hawton K et al. Long term effect of reduced pack sizes of paracetamol on poisoning deaths and liver transplant activity in England and Wales: interrupted time series analyses. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2013.PMID 23393081
- [5]Dazzi T et al. Does asking about suicide and related behaviours induce suicidal ideation? What is the evidence? Psychological medicine, 2014.PMID 24998511
- [6]Zalsman G et al. Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review. World psychiatry, 2016.PMID 27289303
- [7]Chung DT et al. Suicide Rates After Discharge From Psychiatric Facilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry, 2017.PMID 28564699
- [8]Stanley B et al. Comparison of the Safety Planning Intervention With Follow-up vs Usual Care of Suicidal Patients Treated in the Emergency Department. JAMA psychiatry, 2018.PMID 29998307