Atopic dermatitis in infancy — SAQ

Stem

A 7-month-old boy has had itchy red dry patches on both cheeks, scalp and extensor arms for 3 months. He wakes frequently scratching. There is a family history of asthma in the mother. The napkin area is relatively clear. He is thriving. No fever.

Questions

a) What is the most likely diagnosis, and which distribution features support infantile rather than childhood flexural AD? (2 marks)

b) Outline the barrier and type 2 inflammatory pathophysiology, naming the landmark barrier gene. (3 marks)

c) Give a stepwise topical management plan suitable for an infant (emollients, steroid potency principles, infection watch). (3 marks)

d) What emergency rash complication must parents be taught to recognise, and what is the immediate action? (2 marks)