Anaes · Preoperative assessment & risk
Preoperative assessment and risk stratification
Also known as Preoperative assessment · ASA-PS · METs · RCRI · Revised cardiac risk index · CPET · Shared decision-making
Exam-exhaustive preoperative assessment: functional capacity in METs, exact ASA-PS classes, RCRI six predictors with risk steps, when to order tests, shared decision-making for high-risk surgery, and day-of-surgery cancel thresholds.
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Red flags
- Cannot climb one flight of stairs (<4 METs) = poor functional capacity — escalate assessment for major surgery.
- Active cardiac conditions (unstable coronary syndrome, decompensated HF, significant arrhythmia, severe valve disease) stop elective lists until evaluated.
- RCRI ≥3 ≈ 11% major cardiac event risk — plan monitoring, optimisation, and shared decision-making.
- Day-of cancel for uncontrolled acute illness, new unstable cardiac symptoms, or inadequate fasting/airway plan — not for mild anxiety alone.
- Tests without a decision pathway are waste; order investigations that change management.
Meet the patient
A 68-year-old smoker with controlled hypertension and a recent HbA1c of 9 percent is booked for an open colectomy for cancer. He cannot climb the flight of stairs to your clinic without stopping to catch his breath, and the surgeon wants to operate on Friday. Three questions decide whether Friday is safe: how urgent is this, is his heart fit, and does any further test actually change the plan.[1]
Hold those three — urgency, fitness, and decision-changing tests — and the whole of preoperative assessment slots into place behind them.[1]
References3ShowHide
- [1]Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery Circulation, 1999.PMID 10477528
- [2]Kristensen SD 2014 ESC/ESA guidelines on noncardiac surgery: Cardiovascular assessment and management : Are the differences clinically relevant? The European perspective J Nucl Cardiol, 2017.PMID 27538569
- [3]Older PO, Levett DZH. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Surgery Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2017.PMID 28511024