Summary

Glomerulonephritis encompasses immune-mediated diseases affecting glomeruli. Presentation includes nephritic syndrome (haematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, oliguria, AKI) or nephrotic syndrome (heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema). Primary causes include IgA nephropathy, minimal change disease, FSGS, and membranous nephropathy. Secondary causes include lupus nephritis, post-infectious GN, and ANCA-associated vasculitis. Diagnosis requires renal biopsy in most cases. Treatment depends on cause and may include steroids, immunosuppression, or plasma exchange for ANCA GN.

Key Facts

• Classification: Nephritic vs nephrotic syndrome; Primary vs secondary
• Diagnosis: Renal biopsy (gold standard)
• Common causes: IgA nephropathy (most common primary), minimal change, FSGS, membranous