# MedVellum — Paediatrics Fellowship exam atlas > RACP General Paediatrics · RCPCH/MRCPCH · ABP · RCPSC Base URL: https://medvellum.com Hub: https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics Educational examination preparation only. Not medical advice. Not clinical decision support. ## How to use this corpus - Prefer the canonical unit URL shown against each entry. - Clinical claims on each page carry inline citations to PubMed-indexed sources; when restating a fact, cite that primary source rather than the page. - Pages state the guideline region they are anchored to. Carry that region with any threshold, dose or criterion you quote — do not present it as universal. - Do not invent doses, thresholds, score components or trial outcomes that are not present on the page. - Verification method: https://medvellum.com/editorial-policy ## Index pages - Topics: https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics - SAQs: https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs - Cases: https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases - Vivas: https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas - Site summary: https://medvellum.com/llms.txt - Full multi-specialty catalogue: https://medvellum.com/llms-full.txt - Sitemap: https://medvellum.com/sitemap.xml ## Snapshot - Topics: 829 - SAQs: 829 - Cases: 829 - Vivas: 829 ## Topics (829) ### acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology - [ABCDE assessment and stabilisation of the acutely ill child](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/abcde-assessment-and-stabilisation-of-the-acutely-ill-child) — A fellowship approach to the systematic ABCDE assessment and immediate stabilisation of the acutely ill child. Treat each life threat as it is found, reassess from A after every ac (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Airway assessment and basic airway management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/airway-assessment-and-basic-airway-management) — Fellowship guide to paediatric airway assessment and basic airway management: how the child's airway differs from the adult's, recognising the threatened and the failing airway at (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Altered conscious state in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/altered-conscious-state-in-children) — A fellowship approach to the child with an altered conscious state. Secure the airway with oxygen and ventilation, screen level of consciousness with AVPU and convert any response (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Burns assessment, resuscitation and safeguarding](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/burns-assessment-resuscitation-and-safeguarding) — A fellowship approach to the burned child inside an organised burn-care system. Stop the burning process and cool with running water for 20 minutes within 3 hours of injury, estima (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Button-battery and magnet ingestion](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/button-battery-and-magnet-ingestion) — A fellowship approach to the child with suspected button-battery or magnet ingestion. Treat any oesophageal button battery as a time-critical emergency requiring endoscopic removal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Cardiogenic and obstructive shock](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/cardiogenic-and-obstructive-shock) — Fellowship guide to paediatric cardiogenic and obstructive shock: recognising the low cardiac output state from pump failure versus mechanical obstruction, the distinguishing bedsi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cardiorespiratory arrest and post-arrest care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/cardiorespiratory-arrest-and-post-arrest-care) — Fellowship guide to paediatric cardiorespiratory arrest and post-arrest care: recognising the deteriorating child and the arrest, the high-quality CPR and defibrillation pathway to (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cardiotoxic and psychotropic medication poisoning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/cardiotoxic-and-psychotropic-medication-poisoning) — A fellowship approach to the child or adolescent with cardiotoxic and psychotropic medication poisoning: read the ECG and the toxidrome first, lead an ABCDE primary survey with con (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Care after death, unexpected child death and family support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/care-after-death-unexpected-child-death-and-family-support) — Fellowship guide to care after a child's death and the unexpected child death: distinguishing expected from unexpected death, confirming death and the certification and coronial re (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Difficult paediatric airway and emergency front-of-neck access](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/difficult-paediatric-airway-and-emergency-front-of-neck-access) — Fellowship guide to the difficult paediatric airway and emergency front-of-neck access: why the child's airway is anatomically and physiologically unforgiving, how to anticipate an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Envenomation and marine bites](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/envenomation-and-marine-bites) — Fellowship guide to envenomation and marine bites in children: pressure-immobilisation first aid for snakes and funnel-web spiders, venom-induced consumption coagulopathy and neuro (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Fluid bolus therapy and vasoactive support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/fluid-bolus-therapy-and-vasoactive-support) — A fellowship approach to fluid bolus therapy and vasoactive support in the shocked child. Give 10 to 20 mL per kilogram of isotonic crystalloid in aliquots with reassessment after (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Heat illness, hypothermia and environmental emergencies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/heat-illness-hypothermia-and-environmental-emergencies) — Fellowship guide to heat illness, accidental environmental hypothermia and the principal environmental emergencies in children: the heat-illness spectrum and the cold-water-immersi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Humane restraint and behavioural support in emergency care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/humane-restraint-and-behavioural-support-in-emergency-care) — A fellowship approach to the child or young person with acute behavioural disturbance in the emergency department. Run a primary survey and treat medical causes first, lead verbal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Hydrocarbon, caustic and household chemical exposure](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/hydrocarbon-caustic-and-household-chemical-exposure) — A fellowship approach to paediatric hydrocarbon, caustic and household chemical exposure. First identify the product. A hydrocarbon (petroleum distillate) threatens by aspiration, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Hypovolaemic and haemorrhagic shock](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/hypovolaemic-and-haemorrhagic-shock) — A fellowship approach to hypovolaemic and haemorrhagic shock in children. Recognise compensated shock before hypotension, control catastrophic bleeding first, resuscitate with aliq (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Initial stabilisation of major paediatric head injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/initial-stabilisation-of-major-paediatric-head-injury) — A fellowship approach to the initial stabilisation of a child with major traumatic brain injury. Run the primary survey with cervical spine protection, intubate for GCS of 8 or bel (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Iron, salicylate and toxic alcohol poisoning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/iron-salicylate-and-toxic-alcohol-poisoning) — A fellowship approach to the child who has ingested iron, salicylate or a toxic alcohol: recognise the shared high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis and the poison-specific signature (t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Major trauma and paediatric trauma systems](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/major-trauma-and-paediatric-trauma-systems) — A fellowship approach to the injured child within an organised paediatric trauma system. Run a trauma primary survey that controls catastrophic haemorrhage first and protects the c (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Mechanical ventilation principles in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/mechanical-ventilation-principles-in-children) — Fellowship guide to mechanical ventilation principles in children: why a child is intubated, how the ventilator delivers a breath, how the modes differ in what they control and wha (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Oesophageal and gastrointestinal foreign-body ingestion](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/oesophageal-and-gastrointestinal-foreign-body-ingestion) — A fellowship approach to the child who has swallowed a foreign body. The single decision that changes everything is whether a button battery or a complete oesophageal obstruction i (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Opioid, sedative and recreational-drug toxicity](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/opioid-sedative-and-recreational-drug-toxicity) — A fellowship approach to the child or adolescent with opioid, sedative or recreational-drug toxicity: recognise the toxidrome from the bedside pattern, lead an ABCDE primary survey (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Oxygen, high-flow and non-invasive respiratory support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/oxygen-high-flow-and-non-invasive-respiratory-support) — A fellowship approach to oxygen and non-invasive respiratory support in children: choose the right device for the right problem, dose high-flow nasal cannula by weight, set CPAP an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paediatric basic and advanced life support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/paediatric-basic-and-advanced-life-support) — Fellowship guide to paediatric basic and advanced life support: the BLS sequence, high-quality chest compressions, the airway and ventilation ladder, defibrillation at 4 J per kilo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paracetamol poisoning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/paracetamol-poisoning) — A fellowship approach to paediatric paracetamol poisoning: take a focused time-of-ingestion history, plot a single acute ingestion on the Rumack-Matthew nomogram at four hours usin (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Poisoned child: structured assessment and decontamination](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/poisoned-child-structured-assessment-and-decontamination) — A fellowship approach to the poisoned child. Resuscitate with ABCDE and treat life-threatening toxin effects first, then take a structured ingestion history, recognise the toxidrom (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Rapid sequence intubation in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/rapid-sequence-intubation-in-children) — A fellowship approach to rapid sequence intubation in children: prepare a team and equipment, preoxygenate to a child's shorter safe apnoea time, give a weight-based induction agen (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Retrieval, transport and interfacility stabilisation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/retrieval-transport-and-interfacility-stabilisation) — A fellowship approach to moving a critically ill or injured child between facilities. Treat retrieval as a system that brings intensive care to the child before the child is moved, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Septic shock resuscitation and vasoactive support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/septic-shock-resuscitation-and-vasoactive-support) — A fellowship approach to resuscitating paediatric septic shock: recognise the failing circulation early, restore perfusion with reassessed crystalloid aliquots, give broad-spectrum (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Shock in children: physiology and classification](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/shock-in-children-physiology-and-classification) — A fellowship approach to the physiology and classification of shock in children. Shock is inadequate delivery or use of oxygen and substrate at the mitochondrion, not a blood press (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Submersion injury and hypothermia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology/submersion-injury-and-hypothermia) — Fellowship guide to submersion injury (drowning) and hypothermia in children: the van Beeck definition, the Szpilman severity stratification, the asphyxial and cold-water pathways, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine - [Adolescent chronic pain and functional symptoms](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/adolescent-chronic-pain-and-functional-symptoms) — A fellowship approach to adolescent chronic pain and functional symptoms: a biopsychosocial, function-first model. Validate the symptom as real, screen for red flags once, avoid ov (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent consent for research and sensitive services](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/adolescent-consent-for-research-and-sensitive-services) — A fellowship approach to consent when an adolescent is asked to take part in research or to receive a sensitive clinical service. Covers informed consent, parental permission and c (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent consultation, HEEADSSS assessment and confidentiality](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/adolescent-consultation-heeadsss-assessment-and-confidentiality) — A fellowship approach to running the adolescent consultation: youth-friendly setup, rapport, time alone, conditional confidentiality with its lawful limits, a full HEEADSSS psychos (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent health care for young people in out-of-home care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/adolescent-health-care-for-young-people-in-out-of-home-care) — A fellowship approach to health care for adolescents living in out-of-home (foster, kinship, residential) care: classification of placement and legal status; the heavy cumulative m (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent health in rural and remote settings](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/adolescent-health-in-rural-and-remote-settings) — A fellowship approach to the equity gap in adolescent health in rural and remote settings: why the gap exists, how it presents clinically, and the tiered service model — youth-frie (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent pregnancy and parenting](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/adolescent-pregnancy-and-parenting) — A fellowship approach to adolescent pregnancy and parenting: non-judgemental confirmation and dating, safeguarding-aware options counselling, coordinated antenatal care, adolescent (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent risk assessment and harm minimisation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/adolescent-risk-assessment-and-harm-minimisation) — A fellowship approach to assessing adolescent risk across all domains and applying harm-minimisation principles: structured screening, risk formulation, brief intervention, and pra (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent sexual health and contraception](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/adolescent-sexual-health-and-contraception) — A fellowship approach to adolescent sexual health and contraception: confidential, youth-centred sexual history (the 5 Ps), LARC-first counselling using Medical Eligibility Criteri (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent substance-use screening, brief intervention and harm reduction](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/adolescent-substance-use-screening-brief-intervention-and-harm-reduction) — A fellowship approach to adolescent substance-use screening, brief intervention and harm reduction: universal frequency-based screening (S2BI/CRAFFT), motivational-interviewing bri (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Chronic disease self-management in young people](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/chronic-disease-self-management-in-young-people) — A fellowship approach to chronic-disease self-management in young people: what self-management is and its three task-domains; why it breaks down in adolescence through developmenta (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Consent and confidential care for adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/consent-and-confidential-care-for-adolescents) — A fellowship approach to consent and confidential care for adolescents: informed consent, assent and parental permission; bedside capacity assessment using the Gillick/mature-minor (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Digital media, gaming and cyberbullying](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/digital-media-gaming-and-cyberbullying) — A fellowship approach to the digital life of young people: how to ask about screen time, social media, gaming, cyberbullying and online sexual risk; how to separate normative use f (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Dysmenorrhoea and heavy menstrual bleeding](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/dysmenorrhoea-and-heavy-menstrual-bleeding) — A fellowship approach to the adolescent with menstrual pain and heavy bleeding: separating primary from secondary dysmenorrhoea, applying the FIGO PALM-COEIN classification with th (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Eating disorders: recognition and medical instability](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/eating-disorders-recognition-and-medical-instability) — A fellowship approach to recognising eating disorders in adolescents and deciding who is medically unstable: DSM-5 categories including anorexia, bulimia, binge-eating disorder and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Eating disorders: refeeding and multidisciplinary care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/eating-disorders-refeeding-and-multidisciplinary-care) — A fellowship approach to refeeding the malnourished adolescent with an eating disorder and to the multidisciplinary team that carries recovery: refeeding-syndrome risk stratificati (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Gender diversity and gender-affirming paediatric care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/gender-diversity-and-gender-affirming-paediatric-care) — Fellowship-level approach to caring for trans and gender-diverse children and adolescents: separating gender identity, expression, dysphoria and orientation; the affirmative, explo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Medication adherence and treatment fatigue](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/medication-adherence-and-treatment-fatigue) — A fellowship approach to assessing and promoting medication adherence in adolescents living with chronic disease, recognising treatment fatigue as an expected phase, measuring adhe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Menstrual disorders in adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/menstrual-disorders-in-adolescents) — A fellowship approach to menstrual disorders in adolescents: what is normal after menarche, how to classify abnormal uterine bleeding (PALM-COEIN), the work-up for heavy bleeding, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Normal puberty and adolescent development](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/normal-puberty-and-adolescent-development) — A fellowship approach to normal puberty and adolescent development: the reactivated HPG axis, Tanner staging of breast/genital and pubic hair development, the sex-specific sequence (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Obesity and body-image concerns in adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/obesity-and-body-image-concerns-in-adolescents) — A fellowship approach to adolescent obesity and body-image concerns: BMI-based classification with adult crossover, multifactorial aetiology, comorbidity screening, staged and weig (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-in-adolescents) — A fellowship approach to PCOS in adolescents: Rotterdam-based diagnosis modified for developmental physiology, exclusion of mimics, lifestyle-first management with symptom-directed (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [School refusal, bullying and social exclusion](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/school-refusal-bullying-and-social-exclusion) — A fellowship approach to the adolescent whose school attendance collapses, where school refusal, bullying victimisation and social exclusion overlap. Covers Kearney functional anal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sexual orientation, identity and inclusive care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/sexual-orientation-identity-and-inclusive-care) — Fellowship-level approach to sexual orientation, identity and inclusive care for adolescents: distinguishing sexual orientation from gender identity, expression and sex assigned at (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sexually transmitted infection screening and management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/sexually-transmitted-infection-screening-and-management) — A fellowship approach to confidential, youth-friendly STI care in adolescents: time alone and conditional confidentiality, the 5 P's sexual history, risk- and anatomy-based screeni (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sleep, fatigue and circadian disorders in adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/sleep-fatigue-and-circadian-disorders-in-adolescents) — A fellowship approach to sleep, fatigue and circadian disorders in adolescents: the biologically delayed sleep phase, the two-process model, the differential of the 'tired teenager (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Tobacco, vaping and nicotine dependence](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/tobacco-vaping-and-nicotine-dependence) — A fellowship approach to adolescent nicotine and tobacco use across combustible, electronic, pod and smokeless products: faster-onset dependence in the developing brain, validated (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Transition readiness and transfer from paediatric to adult health services](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/transition-readiness-and-transfer-from-paediatric-to-adult-health-services) — A fellowship approach to transition readiness and transfer from paediatric to adult health services: defining transition as a purposeful staged process distinct from transfer; appl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Youth violence, risky behaviour and injury prevention](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/youth-violence-risky-behaviour-and-injury-prevention) — A fellowship, public-health approach to preventing youth violence, risky behaviour and injury in adolescence: how to recognise the young person at risk, screen privately across vio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### allergy-and-immunology - [Allergic disease in children: integrated approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/allergic-disease-in-children-integrated-approach) — Fellowship guide to the integrated allergic child: the shared type-2 mechanism and atopic march linking eczema, food allergy, asthma and allergic rhinitis; IgE versus non-IgE disea (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/allergic-rhinitis-and-rhinoconjunctivitis) — An IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal and ocular mucosa driven by aeroallergen exposure, presenting with sneezing, itch, rhinorrhoea and congestion in children; classified by t (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Anaphylaxis prevention, action plans and autoinjectors](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/anaphylaxis-prevention-action-plans-and-autoinjectors) — Fellowship topic on the complete community prevention and first-aid package for a child at risk of anaphylaxis: trigger identification and avoidance, the written personalised ASCIA (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Anaphylaxis: recognition and emergency management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/anaphylaxis-recognition-and-emergency-management) — Fellowship topic on anaphylaxis in children: the rapid, life-threatening, multisystem hypersensitivity reaction whose decisive treatment is early intramuscular adrenaline; the NIAI (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Antibody deficiencies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/antibody-deficiencies) — A fellowship approach to antibody deficiencies in children: recognise the recurrent-infection pattern that warrants an immunoglobulin work-up, quantify the defect with total immuno (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/atopic-dermatitis-and-the-atopic-march) — A chronic, itchy, relapsing inflammatory skin disease of childhood driven by epidermal barrier failure and Th2-skewed immunity, presenting with age-pattern eczema; managed with a s (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Complement deficiencies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/complement-deficiencies) — A fellowship approach to complement deficiencies in children: recognise the three clinical fingerprints (recurrent invasive Neisseria, unexplained angioedema without urticaria, and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Cow's-milk protein allergy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/cows-milk-protein-allergy) — A fellowship approach to cow's-milk protein allergy (CMPA): separate the immediate IgE-mediated phenotype from the delayed non-IgE-mediated phenotype, clear the anaphylaxis threat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Drug allergy and delabelling in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/drug-allergy-and-delabelling-in-children) — Fellowship topic on drug allergy and delabelling in children. Penicillin allergy is the prototype: 5-10% of children carry the label, but more than 90% are not truly allergic when (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP Allergy and Clinical Immunology,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Egg, wheat, soy, fish and shellfish allergy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/egg-wheat-soy-fish-and-shellfish-allergy) — Fellowship guide to paediatric egg, wheat, soy, fish and shellfish allergy: the signature allergen protein behind each food, IgE versus non-IgE mechanisms, skin-prick and specific- (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Food allergy diagnosis and oral food challenge](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/food-allergy-diagnosis-and-oral-food-challenge) — A fellowship-level approach to diagnosing food allergy in children: taking a structured reaction history, interpreting skin prick tests and serum specific IgE with their 95% predic (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Food allergy management and prevention](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/food-allergy-management-and-prevention) — A fellowship approach to childhood food allergy: managing the child who reacts with avoidance, a written anaphylaxis action plan and weight-banded IM adrenaline; and preventing all (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Immune dysregulation, lymphoproliferation and autoinflammatory disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/immune-dysregulation-lymphoproliferation-and-autoinflammatory-disease) — A fellowship approach to the child with monogenic immune dysregulation, lymphoproliferation or autoinflammatory disease: sort the presentation by its dominant mechanism (failed tol (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Immunoglobulin replacement and antimicrobial prophylaxis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/immunoglobulin-replacement-and-antimicrobial-prophylaxis) — A fellowship approach to immunoglobulin replacement and antimicrobial prophylaxis in children with antibody deficiency: confirm the defect and the functional need before committing (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Insect-sting hypersensitivity](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/insect-sting-hypersensitivity) — Fellowship topic on insect-sting (Hymenoptera venom) hypersensitivity in children: the reaction spectrum from normal local and large local reactions through cutaneous and systemic (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Latex allergy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/latex-allergy) — A fellowship approach to natural rubber latex allergy in children: distinguish Type I IgE-mediated allergy (the dangerous form causing contact urticaria to intraoperative anaphylax (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Oral allergy syndrome and pollen-food syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/oral-allergy-syndrome-and-pollen-food-syndrome) — A fellowship approach to pollen-food allergy syndrome (oral allergy syndrome) in children: recognise the local oral reaction to raw fruit or vegetable in a pollen-sensitised child, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Peanut, tree-nut and seed allergy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/peanut-tree-nut-and-seed-allergy) — Fellowship guide to peanut, tree-nut and seed allergy in children: IgE-mediated pathophysiology and storage-protein families, the HealthNuts natural-history data, diagnosis with sk (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Phagocyte disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/phagocyte-disorders) — Fellowship topic on phagocyte disorders — the primary immunodeficiencies in which neutrophils and monocytes fail to kill microbes, recurrent tissue invasive infection drives the pr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Primary immunodeficiency: warning signs and diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/primary-immunodeficiency-warning-signs-and-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship topic on primary immunodeficiency (inborn errors of immunity) in children: the Jeffrey Modell ten warning signs as the screening tool that turns 'just recurrent infectio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Secondary immunodeficiency](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/secondary-immunodeficiency) — A fellowship approach to secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency in children: recognise that it is commoner than primary inborn errors of immunity, sort it into six mechanism-based c (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Serum sickness and serum-sickness-like reactions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/serum-sickness-and-serum-sickness-like-reactions) — A fellowship-grade approach to serum sickness and serum-sickness-like reactions in children: how to read the triad of rash, fever and arthralgia that erupts days to weeks after a d (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [T-cell and combined immunodeficiencies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/t-cell-and-combined-immunodeficiencies) — Fellowship topic on T-cell and combined immunodeficiencies: severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) as the most severe primary immunodeficiency — a genetic block in T-cell developm (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Urticaria and angioedema](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/urticaria-and-angioedema) — A fellowship-grade approach to urticaria and angioedema in children: how to read a transient rash against the clock of six weeks, how to separate the common histamine-mediated majo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Vaccination of immunocompromised children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/allergy-and-immunology/vaccination-of-immunocompromised-children) — A fellowship approach to vaccinating the immunocompromised child: classify the immune defect first, sort every vaccine into live-attenuated (the danger) versus inactivated (general (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) ### cardiology - [Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/acute-rheumatic-fever-and-rheumatic-heart-disease) — A fellowship approach to acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: the child with a sore throat whose immune response scars a mitral valve for life, the Jones criteria tha (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Adult congenital heart disease transition](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/adult-congenital-heart-disease-transition) — Fellowship guide to the transition of the adolescent with congenital heart disease from paediatric to lifelong adult ACHD care: why transition is a planned process and not a single (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Aortic and pulmonary stenosis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/aortic-and-pulmonary-stenosis) — A fellowship approach to congenital aortic and pulmonary stenosis: classifying the obstruction by anatomic level (valvar, subvalvar, supravalvar), grading severity by echo peak gra (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/atrial-septal-defect-and-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return) — A fellowship approach to atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return: the auscultatory signature of a wide fixed split second heart sound, the left-to-right (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Atrioventricular septal defect](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/atrioventricular-septal-defect) — Fellowship guide to atrioventricular septal defect — the shared common atrioventricular junction at the crux of the heart, the partial–transitional–complete spectrum, the invariabl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Bradyarrhythmias, heart block and pacing](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/bradyarrhythmias-heart-block-and-pacing) — Fellowship guide to bradyarrhythmias, atrioventricular block and cardiac pacing in children: how to read the slow rhythm on a 12-lead ECG, the anatomy of first-degree, Mobitz I, Mo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiac transplantation and ventricular assist devices](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/cardiac-transplantation-and-ventricular-assist-devices) — Fellowship guide to cardiac transplantation and ventricular assist devices in children: when to escalate from medical heart-failure therapy to mechanical circulatory support, the B (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiogenic shock and mechanical circulatory support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/cardiogenic-shock-and-mechanical-circulatory-support) — Fellowship guide to cardiogenic shock in children — the state where the heart cannot pump enough blood to perfuse the body, producing low cardiac output with congestion — and to th (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiomyopathies in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/cardiomyopathies-in-children) — Fellowship guide to the paediatric cardiomyopathies: the morphological framework (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, non-compaction, arrhythmogenic), the genetic substrate and cas (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiovascular examination and murmur assessment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/cardiovascular-examination-and-murmur-assessment) — A fellowship approach to the paediatric cardiovascular examination and the heart murmur: perform a systematic inspection-palpation-auscultation sequence with four-limb blood pressu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Coarctation and interrupted aortic arch](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/coarctation-and-interrupted-aortic-arch) — Fellowship guide to coarctation of the aorta and interrupted aortic arch: the two ductal-dependent left-heart-outflow obstructions that declare themselves as neonatal collapse when (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Congenital coronary anomalies and anomalous left coronary artery](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/congenital-coronary-anomalies-and-anomalous-left-coronary-artery) — Fellowship guide to congenital coronary anomalies in children: the two-month-old with feeding-related pallor and irritability whose left coronary artery comes from the pulmonary ar (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cyanotic newborn and critical congenital heart disease screening](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/cyanotic-newborn-and-critical-congenital-heart-disease-screening) — A fellowship approach to the cyanotic newborn and critical congenital heart disease screening: read pulse oximetry as a layered screen that catches what antenatal scanning and the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Duct-dependent congenital heart disease: recognition and stabilisation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/duct-dependent-congenital-heart-disease-recognition-and-stabilisation) — Fellowship guide to duct-dependent congenital heart disease in neonates and infants: the two-pathway split (duct-dependent pulmonary versus systemic circulation), the physiology of (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/ebstein-anomaly-and-tricuspid-valve-disease) — Fellowship guide to Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve disease in children: the apically displaced tricuspid valve from failed delamination, the hugely dilated right atrium swallo (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Exercise evaluation and sports participation in heart disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/exercise-evaluation-and-sports-participation-in-heart-disease) — Fellowship guide to exercise evaluation and sports participation for the child with heart disease: how to turn the clearance question into a stratified decision built on the cardia (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Heart failure in infants and children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/heart-failure-in-infants-and-children) — Fellowship guide to heart failure as a clinical syndrome in infants and children: the volume-overload, pressure-overload and pump-failure mechanisms, the modified Ross severity gra (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypertension in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/hypertension-in-children) — Fellowship guide to hypertension in children: the AAP 2017 definition based on age, sex and height percentiles, the rule that elevated office blood pressure must be confirmed by am (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypoplastic left heart syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/hypoplastic-left-heart-syndrome) — Fellowship guide to hypoplastic left heart syndrome: the most severe ductal-dependent systemic-outflow obstruction, presenting as the day-two-to-four neonatal collapse with weak pu (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Infective endocarditis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/infective-endocarditis) — Fellowship guide to infective endocarditis in children: a microbial infection of the endocardial surface, usually a heart valve, that presents as fever with a new or changing murmu (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Innocent murmurs and normal paediatric cardiovascular variants](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/innocent-murmurs-and-normal-paediatric-cardiovascular-variants) — Fellowship guide to recognising innocent murmurs and normal paediatric cardiovascular variants, distinguishing them from pathology, and avoiding unnecessary referral and investigat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Kawasaki disease and coronary complications](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/kawasaki-disease-and-coronary-complications) — Fellowship guide to Kawasaki disease and its coronary complications: the febrile infant with conjunctivitis, rash and red cracked lips, the diagnostic criteria for complete and inc (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Long-QT syndrome and channelopathies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/long-qt-syndrome-and-channelopathies) — Fellowship guide to long-QT syndrome and the inherited channelopathies in children: what a prolonged QTc means, the three cardinal genotypes (LQT1, LQT2, LQT3) and their trigger-sp (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Myocarditis and pericarditis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/myocarditis-and-pericarditis) — Fellowship guide to acquired inflammatory heart disease in children: myocarditis as inflammation of the cardiac muscle presenting with chest pain, dyspnoea, a raised troponin and a (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Patent ductus arteriosus](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/patent-ductus-arteriosus) — Paediatric cardiology fellowship guide to patent ductus arteriosus in term infants, children and adolescents: the persistent fetal communication between pulmonary artery and descen (exams=RACP Advanced Paediatrics & Child Health,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP Pediatric Cardiology,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome) — Fellowship guide to postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in young people: chronic daily orthostatic symptoms with an excessive heart-rate rise on standing (≥40 bpm in a (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Pulmonary hypertension in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/pulmonary-hypertension-in-children) — A fellowship approach to pulmonary hypertension in children: a mean pulmonary artery pressure above twenty is never normal, the WHO group decides the cause, the cardiac catheter me (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Supraventricular tachycardia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/supraventricular-tachycardia) — Fellowship guide to supraventricular tachycardia in children: the mechanisms (AVRT in infants, AVNRT in adolescents), the clinical presentations from irritable pale infant to palpi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Syncope and orthostatic intolerance](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/syncope-and-orthostatic-intolerance) — Fellowship guide to syncope and orthostatic intolerance in children and adolescents: transient loss of consciousness from global cerebral hypoperfusion, the benign reflex (vasovaga (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Tetralogy of Fallot](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/tetralogy-of-fallot) — Fellowship guide to tetralogy of Fallot in children: the four features that share one embryologic fault, the severity spectrum from pink TOF to pulmonary atresia, the hypercyanotic (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection) — A fellowship approach to total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: the cyanosed neonate with pulmonary oedema as a surgical emergency, the Darling classification of where the pu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Transposition of the great arteries](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/transposition-of-the-great-arteries) — Fellowship guide to transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA): the parallel-circulation problem that presents as deepening neonatal cyanosis with little respiratory distress, the (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Truncus arteriosus and single-ventricle physiology](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/truncus-arteriosus-and-single-ventricle-physiology) — Fellowship guide to two cyanotic congenital lesions that share the single idea of mixing red and blue blood. Truncus arteriosus is one great artery and one truncal valve carrying f (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/ventricular-arrhythmias-and-sudden-cardiac-death) — Fellowship guide to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in children: distinguishing benign ventricular ectopy from sustained monomorphic and polymorphic VT and VF, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ventricular septal defect](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/cardiology/ventricular-septal-defect) — Fellowship guide to the commonest congenital heart defect: the anatomic and haemodynamic classification of a ventricular septal defect, the left-to-right shunt physiology, the natu (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) ### child-safety-and-social-paediatrics - [Abusive head trauma](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/abusive-head-trauma) — Fellowship guide to abusive head trauma in infants and young children: the inflicted shaking-with-or-without-impact mechanism, the clinical picture of encephalopathy with subdural (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Caregiver-fabricated or induced illness](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/caregiver-fabricated-or-induced-illness) — Fellowship guide to caregiver-fabricated or induced illness (FII): the modern child-centred definition that replaced Munchausen syndrome by proxy, the three caregiver behaviours of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Child maltreatment recognition and response](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/child-maltreatment-recognition-and-response) — Fellowship hub on recognising and responding to child maltreatment across all forms (physical, sexual, emotional, neglect, fabricated or induced illness): global epidemiology and t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Child sexual abuse and assault assessment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/child-sexual-abuse-and-assault-assessment) — A fellowship approach to the medical assessment of a child or adolescent who may have been sexually abused or assaulted: deciding the tempo from acute to non-acute, conducting the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Children in out-of-home care and foster care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/children-in-out-of-home-care-and-foster-care) — A fellowship approach to health care for children living in out-of-home (foster, kinship, residential) care: classification of placement and legal status; the heavy cumulative ment (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Expert reports and court evidence in child protection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/expert-reports-and-court-evidence-in-child-protection) — Fellowship-level guide to expert reports and court evidence in child protection: the paediatrician's distinct roles as witness of fact, professional witness and expert witness; how (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Female genital mutilation or cutting](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/female-genital-mutilation-or-cutting) — A fellowship approach to recognising and managing female genital mutilation or cutting in children and adolescents: understanding the WHO Type I–IV classification and why every typ (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Homelessness and housing instability](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/homelessness-and-housing-instability) — Fellowship-level guide to homelessness and housing instability as a paediatric health problem: the housing continuum from stable to crisis, the toxic-stress mechanism that embeds h (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Inflicted abdominal and thoracic injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/inflicted-abdominal-and-thoracic-injury) — Fellowship-level coverage of inflicted abdominal and thoracic injury: the hidden high-specificity patterns (posterior rib fractures, duodenal and pancreatic injury), why delay and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Inflicted burns and scalds](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/inflicted-burns-and-scalds) — Fellowship guide to inflicted burns and scalds: pattern-based recognition of non-accidental thermal injury (immersion stocking-glove scalds, sharp demarcation, contact burns on hid (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Inflicted fractures and other non-accidental musculoskeletal injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/inflicted-fractures-and-other-non-accidental-musculoskeletal-injury) — Fellowship guide to inflicted (non-accidental) musculoskeletal injury: the high-specificity fracture patterns — classic metaphyseal lesion, posterior rib, scapular, spinous and ste (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Intimate partner violence and its impact on children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/intimate-partner-violence-and-its-impact-on-children) — Fellowship topic on intimate partner violence (IPV) and its impact on children: the four pathways of exposure (direct witness, auditory, aftermath, coercive control), global preval (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Intra-oral injury and occult trauma](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/intra-oral-injury-and-occult-trauma) — Fellowship guide to inflicted intra-oral injury and occult trauma in suspected child physical abuse: recognise the sentinel oral signs (torn labial frenum, lip laceration, palatal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Kinship care, adoption and permanency health assessments](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/kinship-care-adoption-and-permanency-health-assessments) — Fellowship-level guide to the health assessment of children in kinship care, foster care, adoption and other permanency placements: the staged, repeatable assessment schedule, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Mandatory reporting and jurisdictional child-protection frameworks](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/mandatory-reporting-and-jurisdictional-child-protection-frameworks) — Fellowship-level guide to mandatory reporting and jurisdictional child-protection frameworks: who must report, the reasonable-belief threshold, how obligations vary across ANZ, UK, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Medical neglect and refusal of care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/medical-neglect-and-refusal-of-care) — Fellowship guide to medical neglect and refusal of care in children — the failure to seek, attend or comply with medically necessary treatment and the active parental refusal of re (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Multidisciplinary child-protection case conference](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/multidisciplinary-child-protection-case-conference) — Fellowship-level guide to the multidisciplinary child-protection case conference: the statutory forum where agencies share information, assess risk, make decisions about ongoing ha (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neglect and supervisory neglect](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/neglect-and-supervisory-neglect) — Fellowship guide to child neglect and supervisory neglect across the physical, emotional, medical, educational, supervisory and nutritional domains: neglect as an act of omission r (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Online sexual exploitation and image-based abuse](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/online-sexual-exploitation-and-image-based-abuse) — Fellowship-level guide to online sexual exploitation and image-based abuse: online grooming, sextortion, non-consensual intimate image sharing, self-generated sexual content and ch (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Perplexing presentations and diagnostic uncertainty](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/perplexing-presentations-and-diagnostic-uncertainty) — Fellowship leaf on the child whose symptoms do not fit known disease — the zone where genuine rare or complex illness, medically unexplained symptoms and somatisation, and caregive (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Photodocumentation and medicolegal evidence](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/photodocumentation-and-medicolegal-evidence) — A fellowship-level, exam-exhaustive approach to photodocumentation and medicolegal evidence in suspected child maltreatment: the three-shot rule, body mapping, scale and labelling (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Physical abuse: bruising and sentinel injuries](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/physical-abuse-bruising-and-sentinel-injuries) — A fellowship-level, exam-exhaustive approach to inflicted bruising and sentinel injuries: the TEN-4 FACES-L decision rule, the significance of any bruise in a non-mobile infant, pa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Poisoning as maltreatment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/poisoning-as-maltreatment) — Fellowship guide to poisoning as a form of child maltreatment — the deliberate administration or withholding of a substance by a caregiver to harm or fabricate illness in a child. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Poverty, food insecurity and social prescribing](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/poverty-food-insecurity-and-social-prescribing) — A fellowship approach to poverty and food insecurity as the most prevalent risk to child health: how material hardship, food insecurity and housing instability become biology throu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Prevention of child maltreatment and family support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/prevention-of-child-maltreatment-and-family-support) — Fellowship topic on preventing child maltreatment and supporting families: the public-health frame of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention; the WHO INSPIRE seven strategies a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Psychological and emotional abuse](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/psychological-and-emotional-abuse) — A fellowship approach to psychological and emotional abuse of children: a sustained pattern of caregiver behaviour — spurning, terrorizing, isolating, exploiting, denying responsiv (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Refugee, asylum-seeking and newly arrived children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/refugee-asylum-seeking-and-newly-arrived-children) — A fellowship approach to health care for refugee, asylum-seeking and newly arrived children: classification of migration status and stage of journey; the heavy cumulative infectiou (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sexually transmitted infections and child sexual abuse](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/sexually-transmitted-infections-and-child-sexual-abuse) — A fellowship approach to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the context of child sexual abuse: a trauma-informed, forensic-aware evaluation in which an STI is read as a grad (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Strangulation, suffocation and asphyxial injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/strangulation-suffocation-and-asphyxial-injury) — Fellowship guide to strangulation, suffocation and asphyxial injury in infants and children: the three mechanisms (neck compression, airway oronasal occlusion, chest restriction) a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Trafficking, exploitation and forced marriage](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/trafficking-exploitation-and-forced-marriage) — Fellowship-level guide to trafficking, exploitation and forced marriage in children: recognising the hidden signs of labour and sexual exploitation and forced marriage, understandi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Trauma-informed examination and forensic documentation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/trauma-informed-examination-and-forensic-documentation) — A fellowship approach to performing a trauma-informed medical examination of a child who may have been maltreated and to documenting the findings so the record is contemporaneous, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Youth justice and detained young people](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/child-safety-and-social-paediatrics/youth-justice-and-detained-young-people) — Fellowship-level guide to the health of justice-involved and detained young people: the concentration of neurodisability, mental illness, trauma and substance use behind the gate; (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### clinical-assessment-and-reasoning - [Age-specific normal vital signs and physiological ranges](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/age-specific-normal-vital-signs-and-physiological-ranges) — Fellowship guide to measuring and interpreting age-banded paediatric vital signs, hospital versus community ranges, and escalation traps. (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Care of children with medical complexity and technology dependence](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/care-of-children-with-medical-complexity-and-technology-dependence) — Fellowship approach to children with medical complexity and technology dependence: Cohen and Kuo definitions, PMCA and CCC identification tools, baseline-aware assessment, device v (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Clinical reasoning, problem representation and differential diagnosis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/clinical-reasoning-problem-representation-and-differential-diagnosis) — A fellowship approach to paediatric clinical reasoning: build an age-aware problem representation, prioritise a threat-first differential, use illness scripts and analytic checks d (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Continuity of care and the paediatric medical home](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/continuity-of-care-and-the-paediatric-medical-home) — A fellowship approach to continuity of care and the paediatric medical home: relational, informational and management continuity; care coordination; loop closure after ED and hospi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental surveillance and milestone assessment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/developmental-surveillance-and-milestone-assessment) — Fellowship approach to developmental surveillance, evidence-informed milestones, standardised screening including autism tools, early referral, equity and exam performance from inf (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Diagnostic test selection and Bayesian reasoning in paediatrics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/diagnostic-test-selection-and-bayesian-reasoning-in-paediatrics) — A fellowship approach to choosing and interpreting paediatric tests: pre-test probability, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, residual risk, over-testi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Failure to thrive and faltering growth: diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/failure-to-thrive-and-faltering-growth-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship diagnostic approach to paediatric failure to thrive and faltering growth: confirm measurements, mechanism-based differential, threat-first stabilisation, nutrition and s (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Fatigue and lethargy in children and adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/fatigue-and-lethargy-in-children-and-adolescents) — An age-aware fellowship approach to fatigue and lethargy in children and adolescents: distinguish emergency lethargy from tiredness, build a threat-first differential, investigate (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Growth measurement, charting and interpretation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/growth-measurement-charting-and-interpretation) — Fellowship guide to paediatric growth measurement, chart selection, plotting, interpretation and first actions for faltering or excess growth. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Handover, referral and consultation in paediatrics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/handover-referral-and-consultation-in-paediatrics) — A fellowship approach to paediatric handover, specialty consultation, written and verbal referral, closed-loop communication and transfer of clinical information using I-PASS and I (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Illness severity, deterioration and track-and-trigger systems](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/illness-severity-deterioration-and-track-and-trigger-systems) — Fellowship approach to illness severity versus risk of deterioration, paediatric track-and-trigger tools and PEWS architecture, rapid-response systems, EPOCH and systematic-review (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Incidental findings and overdiagnosis in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/incidental-findings-and-overdiagnosis-in-children) — A fellowship approach to incidental findings and overdiagnosis in children: plain definitions, cascade mechanisms, age-aware examples from imaging, laboratories, monitors and label (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Interpreting common paediatric laboratory reference ranges](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/interpreting-common-paediatric-laboratory-reference-ranges) — A fellowship approach to age-, sex- and assay-aware interpretation of common paediatric laboratory results, distinguishing reference intervals from decision limits and critical val (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Lymphadenopathy and organomegaly: diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/lymphadenopathy-and-organomegaly-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship diagnostic approach to paediatric lymphadenopathy and organomegaly: bedside mapping, red-flag recognition, infection–inflammation–malignancy ranking, investigation and b (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Medication reconciliation and polypharmacy in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/medication-reconciliation-and-polypharmacy-in-children) — A fellowship approach to paediatric medication reconciliation and polypharmacy: Best Possible Medication History, intentional versus unintentional discrepancies, high-risk transiti (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Multimorbidity and diagnostic overshadowing in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/multimorbidity-and-diagnostic-overshadowing-in-children) — Fellowship approach to paediatric multimorbidity and diagnostic overshadowing: definitions versus comorbidity and CMC, physical-mental co-occurrence, cognitive traps that hide seco (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Oedema in children: diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/oedema-in-children-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship diagnostic approach to paediatric oedema: pattern and mechanism classification, threat-first assessment, nephrotic versus nephritic versus cardiac versus nutritional and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Paediatric history and age-adapted consultation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/paediatric-history-and-age-adapted-consultation) — A fellowship-level, age-aware approach to paediatric history and consultation technique from neonate to transition, covering multi-party interviewing, HEADSS/SSHADESS, interpreters (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Pallor in children: diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/pallor-in-children-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship diagnostic approach to paediatric pallor: bedside recognition across skin tones, threat-first stabilisation, MCV–reticulocyte classification of anaemia, directed investi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Poor feeding in infants and children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/poor-feeding-in-infants-and-children) — A threat-first fellowship approach to poor feeding from neonate to school age: classify mechanism and acuity, reverse life-threatening causes, observe feeds safely, build a priorit (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Recognising the seriously ill child and paediatric assessment triangle](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/recognising-the-seriously-ill-child-and-paediatric-assessment-triangle) — An age- and baseline-aware fellowship approach to recognising serious paediatric illness, using the Paediatric Assessment Triangle for first impression, immediate ABCDE stabilisati (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Safe disposition, escalation, referral and safety-netting](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/safe-disposition-escalation-referral-and-safety-netting) — Fellowship approach to capability-matched paediatric disposition, escalation on score or concern, structured I-PASS/ISBAR handover, referral and retrieval, and evidence-based safet (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Shared-care planning across primary, secondary and tertiary care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/shared-care-planning-across-primary-secondary-and-tertiary-care) — A fellowship approach to shared-care planning across primary, secondary and tertiary paediatric care: co-management, closed-loop communication, named owners, intensity matching, hu (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Structured physical examination from newborn to adolescent](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/structured-physical-examination-from-newborn-to-adolescent) — Fellowship guide to planning and performing an age-adapted structured physical examination from newborn through adolescence: preparation, opportunistic sequencing, growth and vital (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Telehealth assessment and remote examination of children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/telehealth-assessment-and-remote-examination-of-children) — A fellowship approach to paediatric telehealth: modality selection, remote first impression, caregiver-assisted examination, webside manner, stewardship, equity, privacy, escalatio (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Weight loss in children and adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-assessment-and-reasoning/weight-loss-in-children-and-adolescents) — Fellowship diagnostic approach to weight loss in children and adolescents: confirm true loss, quantify severity, threat-first assessment, mechanism-based differential spanning rest (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) ### clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics - [Adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/adverse-drug-reactions-and-pharmacovigilance) — A fellowship approach to adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance in children: Rawlins and Thompson Type A/B classification with DoTS and EIDOS extensions, paediatric epidemiol (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Analgesics and antipyretics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/analgesics-and-antipyretics) — A fellowship approach to choosing and dosing an analgesic or antipyretic in a child: weigh the child, calculate the dose from a current paediatric formulary, cap it at the adult ma (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Cardiovascular medicines in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/cardiovascular-medicines-in-children) — A fellowship approach to prescribing cardiovascular medicines in children, covering the diuretics, ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers used in heart failure, the inotropes digoxin and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chemotherapy and supportive pharmacology](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/chemotherapy-and-supportive-pharmacology) — A fellowship approach to chemotherapy and supportive pharmacology in children covering the cytotoxic drug classes and their organ-specific toxicities, the antiemetic ladder built o (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Complementary, alternative and traditional medicines](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/complementary-alternative-and-traditional-medicines) — Fellowship guide to complementary, alternative and traditional medicines in children: the five CAM domains, why families use them and why most use stays hidden, the four pathways t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Corticosteroid therapy and adverse effects](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/corticosteroid-therapy-and-adverse-effects) — A fellowship approach to corticosteroid therapy in children covering glucocorticoid versus mineralocorticoid potency and the equivalent-dose ladder (hydrocortisone, prednisolone, m (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Developmental pharmacology and age-related pharmacokinetics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/developmental-pharmacology-and-age-related-pharmacokinetics) — Fellowship guide to how absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of medicines change across paediatric development, and the dosing and monitoring consequences from preter (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Drug interactions and medication reconciliation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/drug-interactions-and-medication-reconciliation) — A fellowship approach to drug interactions and medication reconciliation in children covering cytochrome P450 induction and inhibition, pharmacodynamic additive toxicity, developme (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Endocrine and diabetes medicines](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/endocrine-and-diabetes-medicines) — A fellowship approach to the three highest-yield paediatric endocrine medicine families: insulin for type 1 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis, levothyroxine for congenital and acq (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Immunosuppressive and biologic therapies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/immunosuppressive-and-biologic-therapies) — A fellowship approach to immunosuppressive and biologic therapies in children covering low-dose weekly methotrexate as the anchor disease-modifying antirheumatic drug in juvenile i (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Inhaled therapies and device selection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/inhaled-therapies-and-device-selection) — A fellowship approach to inhaled therapies and device selection in children covering the four device families — pressurised metered-dose inhaler, dry-powder inhaler, soft-mist inha (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Medication adherence and formulation challenges](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/medication-adherence-and-formulation-challenges) — Fellowship guide to medication adherence and formulation challenges in children: why adherence is the prescriber's job, the dimensions of non-adherence (initiation, implementation, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Off-label and unlicensed medicine use](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/off-label-and-unlicensed-medicine-use) — Fellowship guide to off-label and unlicensed medicine use in children: the three prescribing categories, why paediatric prescribing is so often outside the product licence, prevale (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Opioids and acute pain medicines](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/opioids-and-acute-pain-medicines) — A fellowship approach to opioids and acute pain medicines in children covering the WHO two-step analgesic ladder, mu-opioid receptor pharmacology and its dose-limiting adverse effe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Pharmacogenomics and precision therapeutics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/pharmacogenomics-and-precision-therapeutics) — A fellowship approach to pharmacogenomics and precision therapeutics in children covering how inherited gene variants change the way an individual child handles a drug, the Clinica (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Poisoning antidotes and toxicology pharmacology](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/poisoning-antidotes-and-toxicology-pharmacology) — A fellowship approach to poisoning antidotes and toxicology pharmacology in children, covering the four mechanism classes of antidote, the toxidrome-driven bedside assessment, N-ac (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Procedural sedation medicines](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/procedural-sedation-medicines) — Fellowship guide to the medicines used for procedural sedation and analgesia in children: matching the agent and the depth to the procedure (ketamine, nitrous oxide, midazolam with (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Renal and hepatic dose adjustment in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/renal-and-hepatic-dose-adjustment-in-children) — A fellowship approach to adjusting medicine doses for reduced kidney and liver function in children: bedside Schwartz eGFR, KDIGO staging, the Child-Pugh score, the high-risk nephr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Safe prescribing, administration and monitoring](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/safe-prescribing-administration-and-monitoring) — Fellowship guide to safe prescribing, administration and monitoring of medicines in children: the medication-use process, the paediatric factors that make dosing error-prone (weigh (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Therapeutic drug monitoring](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/therapeutic-drug-monitoring) — A fellowship approach to therapeutic drug monitoring in children covering why narrow-therapeutic-index drugs such as aminoglycosides, vancomycin, phenytoin, digoxin and tacrolimus (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Vaccines and immunobiology](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/vaccines-and-immunobiology) — A fellowship approach to vaccines and immunobiology in children covering the scheduled immunisation programme with on-time dosing at birth, two, four, six, twelve and eighteen mont (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Weight-based dosing, body-surface area and dose calculation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics/weight-based-dosing-body-surface-area-and-dose-calculation) — A fellowship approach to calculating a safe paediatric drug dose: weigh the child in kilograms on a calibrated scale, measure length or height for body-surface-area drugs, take the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth - [Acquired hypothyroidism and Hashimoto thyroiditis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/acquired-hypothyroidism-and-hashimoto-thyroiditis) — Acquired hypothyroidism is thyroid-hormone deficiency that develops after a period of normal thyroid function. In iodine-sufficient regions Hashimoto (chronic lymphocytic) thyroidi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/adrenal-insufficiency-and-adrenal-crisis) — Fellowship guide to adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis in children: the primary-versus-secondary split, autoimmune Addison disease and the salt-wasting crisis, glucocorticoid (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia) — Fellowship guide to congenital adrenal hyperplasia: the cortisol-androgen split, the 21-hydroxylase block, the salt-wasting crisis versus virilisation, the 17-OHP screen and confir (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Congenital hypothyroidism](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/congenital-hypothyroidism) — A fellowship approach to congenital hypothyroidism: the newborn-screening-to-treatment pipeline that prevents intellectual disability, the dose and timing of levothyroxine that pro (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Constitutional delay and familial short stature](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/constitutional-delay-and-familial-short-stature) — A fellowship approach to the two commonest normal variants of short stature: recognise familial short stature as a low polygenic height set-point with a normal bone age and constit (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cushing syndrome in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/cushing-syndrome-in-children) — Fellowship guide to Cushing syndrome in children: the growth-arrest hallmark that separates it from simple obesity, the confirm-with-two-tests work-up, the ACTH-dependent versus AC (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Delayed puberty and hypogonadism in adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/delayed-puberty-and-hypogonadism-in-adolescents) — A fellowship approach to the adolescent whose puberty is late or has stalled: confirm the timing against sex-specific thresholds (no testicular enlargement by 14 in boys, no thelar (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Diabetes insipidus and polyuria-polydipsia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/diabetes-insipidus-and-polyuria-polydipsia) — Fellowship guide to diabetes insipidus and the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome in children: the vasopressin-water balance axis from hypothalamic osmoreceptor to renal aquaporin-2, the (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Diabetic ketoacidosis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/diabetic-ketoacidosis) — A fellowship approach to paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis: recognise the child with hyperglycaemia, ketosis and acidosis who is dehydrated and breathing deeply, diagnose on the tri (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Disorders of sex development](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/disorders-of-sex-development) — A fellowship approach to disorders of sex development: recognise the atypical-genitalia infant, exclude a salt-wasting adrenal crisis before reaching for a label, classify using th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Endocrine emergencies: integrated approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/endocrine-emergencies-integrated-approach) — Fellowship guide to the integrated approach to paediatric endocrine emergencies: the shared recognition and resuscitation framework that unifies DKA, adrenal crisis, thyroid storm (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Endocrine late effects of cancer treatment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/endocrine-late-effects-of-cancer-treatment) — A fellowship approach to the endocrine late effects of childhood cancer treatment: recognise that the survivor who slows on the growth chart, develops central hypothyroidism, adren (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Growth hormone deficiency and excess](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/growth-hormone-deficiency-and-excess) — A fellowship approach to disordered growth hormone action: recognise the short child with growth hormone deficiency (short stature crossing centiles, delayed bone age, neonatal hyp (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/hypercalcaemia-and-hyperparathyroidism) — Fellowship guide to paediatric hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism: the PTH fork that sorts every high calcium, the single test (urine calcium-to-creatinine clearance ratio) tha (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hyperthyroidism and Graves disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/hyperthyroidism-and-graves-disease) — A fellowship approach to childhood thyrotoxicosis: confirm the hormone excess with a suppressed TSH and raised free T4, then make Graves disease the leading diagnosis through a pos (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/hypocalcaemia-and-hypoparathyroidism) — Fellowship guide to hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism in children: the calcium-PTH axis from parathyroid chief cell to bone, kidney and gut, neonatal versus later-onset hypocalc (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypoglycaemia in diabetes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/hypoglycaemia-in-diabetes) — A fellowship approach to hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with diabetes: recognise the autonomic-to-neuroglycopenic slide and the silent nocturnal event as the single grea (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypopituitarism and pituitary lesions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/hypopituitarism-and-pituitary-lesions) — Fellowship guide to hypopituitarism and pituitary and hypothalamic lesions in children: the congenital forms (transcription-factor defects, septo-optic dysplasia, pituitary stalk i (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Lipid disorders and familial hypercholesterolaemia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/lipid-disorders-and-familial-hypercholesterolaemia) — Fellowship guide to lipid disorders and familial hypercholesterolaemia: the LDL receptor pathway and its genetic defects, the LDL-C thresholds that flag FH in a child, selective an (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Monogenic diabetes and neonatal diabetes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/monogenic-diabetes-and-neonatal-diabetes) — Fellowship guide to monogenic diabetes and neonatal diabetes: the single-gene beta-cell defects that masquerade as type 1 or type 2 diabetes, the neonatal diabetes that appears und (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Obesity: assessment, complications and treatment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/obesity-assessment-complications-and-treatment) — A fellowship approach to childhood obesity as a chronic disease of excess adiposity: BMI-for-age classification with adult crossover, systematic comorbidity screening across six sy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/osteoporosis-and-fragility-fractures-in-children) — A fellowship approach to osteoporosis and fragility fractures in children: the ISCD framework that makes a low bone density Z-score only half the diagnosis, the primary-versus-seco (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Phaeochromocytoma and endocrine hypertension](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/phaeochromocytoma-and-endocrine-hypertension) — Fellowship guide to phaeochromocytoma, paraganglioma and the endocrine causes of hypertension in children: the metanephrines-not-catecholamines diagnostic rule, the high hereditary (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Precocious puberty](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/precocious-puberty) — A fellowship approach to precocious puberty: recognise early sexual development as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before 8 years in girls and before 9 years in boys, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Rickets and metabolic bone disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/rickets-and-metabolic-bone-disease) — A fellowship approach to rickets and metabolic bone disease in children: defective mineralisation of growing bone that is almost always preventable, the calcipenic-versus-phosphope (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Short stature and poor linear growth](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/short-stature-and-poor-linear-growth) — Fellowship guide to the short child: position, velocity and proportion drive the differential, from normal variants (familial short stature, constitutional delay) to GH deficiency, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [SIADH and disorders of water balance](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/siadh-and-disorders-of-water-balance) — Fellowship guide to SIADH and disorders of water balance in children: the antidiuretic hormone axis from hypothalamic osmoreceptor to renal aquaporin-2, the volume-status approach (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Tall stature and overgrowth syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/tall-stature-and-overgrowth-syndromes) — A fellowship approach to the tall child: separate the familial and constitutional normal variants from the pathological causes — syndromic overgrowth (Sotos, Beckwith-Wiedemann, We (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Thyroid nodules, goitre and thyroid cancer](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/thyroid-nodules-goitre-and-thyroid-cancer) — Fellowship guide to paediatric thyroid nodules, goitre and thyroid cancer: recognise the neck mass, risk-stratify with ultrasound (TI-RADS) and FNA (Bethesda), understand the highe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Type 1 diabetes: diagnosis and initial management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/type-1-diabetes-diagnosis-and-initial-management) — Fellowship guide to the diagnosis and first days of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents who present without ketoacidosis: the classic symptoms and the diagnostic glucose an (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Type 1 diabetes: insulin therapy, technology and ambulatory care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/type-1-diabetes-insulin-therapy-technology-and-ambulatory-care) — Fellowship guide to ongoing insulin therapy, diabetes technology and ambulatory care in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: the insulin pharmacology that drives regimen (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in youth](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth/type-2-diabetes-and-metabolic-syndrome-in-youth) — Fellowship guide to type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: the insulin-resistance and beta-cell-failure pathophysiology, the acanthosis and metabolic c (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-13) ### ent-hearing-and-oral-health - [Acute and chronic rhinosinusitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/acute-and-chronic-rhinosinusitis) — Fellowship topic on acute and chronic rhinosinusitis in children: the term rhinosinusitis because the nasal and sinus mucosa are one continuous lining; the distinction of acute vir (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Acute otitis media](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/acute-otitis-media) — Fellowship guide to acute otitis media (AOM): the acute suppurative inflammation of the middle-ear mucosa behind an intact tympanic membrane, diagnosed from a bulging eardrum or ne (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ankyloglossia and infant feeding](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/ankyloglossia-and-infant-feeding) — Fellowship topic on ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) and infant feeding — a congenital short, thick or tight lingual frenulum that tethers the underside of the tongue to the floor of the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cleft lip and palate](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/cleft-lip-and-palate) — Fellowship topic on cleft lip and palate: the embryologic origin in the failure of fusion of the frontonasal, maxillary and mandibular processes and of the palatal shelves; the Vea (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital ear anomalies and microtia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/congenital-ear-anomalies-and-microtia) — Fellowship topic on congenital ear anomalies and microtia: the bedside distinction between a deformational ear deformity (soft, structurally complete, moldable in the newborn) and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Dental caries, enamel disease and oral-health prevention](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/dental-caries-enamel-disease-and-oral-health-prevention) — Fellowship topic on dental caries, developmental enamel disease and oral-health prevention in children. Covers dental caries as the commonest chronic disease of childhood and a bio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Dental trauma and avulsed teeth](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/dental-trauma-and-avulsed-teeth) — Fellowship topic on dental trauma and avulsed teeth in children. Covers traumatic dental injury as a time-critical emergency in which the management in the first minutes at the sce (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Drooling, dysphagia and upper-aerodigestive disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/drooling-dysphagia-and-upper-aerodigestive-disorders) — Fellowship guide to drooling (sialorrhoea), dysphagia and the upper-aerodigestive disorders of childhood; the distinction between anterior drooling (visible, social and skin impact (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Epistaxis in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/epistaxis-in-children) — Fellowship topic on epistaxis in children — bleeding from the nasal mucosa, over 90 percent anterior from Little's area (Kiesselbach's plexus) on the anteroinferior septum. Covers (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Facial swelling and odontogenic infection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/facial-swelling-and-odontogenic-infection) — Fellowship guide to paediatric facial swelling of dental origin, from a localised periapical abscess through spreading odontogenic cellulitis to Ludwig angina and deep neck space i (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hearing assessment and childhood hearing loss](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/hearing-assessment-and-childhood-hearing-loss) — Fellowship guide to hearing assessment and childhood hearing loss: how universal newborn hearing screening (AABR and OAE) and the 1-3-6 milestones catch permanent congenital hearin (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Mastoiditis and otogenic complications](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/mastoiditis-and-otogenic-complications) — Fellowship topic on mastoiditis and otogenic complications in children: acute mastoiditis as the commonest suppurative complication of acute otitis media through the contiguous mas (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nasal foreign body and button-battery injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/nasal-foreign-body-and-button-battery-injury) — Fellowship topic on nasal foreign body and button-battery injury in children — an object lodged in the nasal cavity of a two-to-five-year-old, most often a benign inert bead, food (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neck masses in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/neck-masses-in-children) — Fellowship guide to the paediatric neck mass framed around the two questions that drive every assessment — is this congenital, inflammatory or neoplastic, and where does it sit (mi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Oral manifestations of systemic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/oral-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Fellowship topic on the oral manifestations of systemic disease in children. Covers the chalky symmetrical dental enamel defects and recurrent aphthae of coeliac disease, the swoll (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Oral ulcers and mucosal disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/oral-ulcers-and-mucosal-disease) — Fellowship topic on oral ulcers and mucosal disease in children. Covers primary herpetic gingivostomatitis with early oral aciclovir, recurrent aphthous stomatitis and its deficien (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Otitis externa](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/otitis-externa) — Fellowship topic on otitis externa — inflammation of the external auditory canal. Covers the acute diffuse (swimmer's ear), furuncular, eczematous, fungal and necrotising (malignan (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Otitis media with effusion and grommet decisions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/otitis-media-with-effusion-and-grommet-decisions) — Fellowship topic on otitis media with effusion (glue ear) and grommet (tympanostomy tube) decisions in children: the definition of OME as non-purulent fluid behind an intact tympan (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess and deep neck infection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/pharyngitis-tonsillitis-peritonsillar-abscess-and-deep-neck-infection) — Fellowship guide to paediatric sore throat progressing from viral pharyngitis through group A streptococcal tonsillitis to peritonsillar abscess and deep neck infection: the Centor (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Salivary gland disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/salivary-gland-disorders) — Fellowship topic on salivary gland disorders in children. Covers mumps and its complications, juvenile recurrent parotitis and sialendoscopy, acute suppurative parotitis with anti- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tinnitus, vertigo and balance disorders in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ent-hearing-and-oral-health/tinnitus-vertigo-and-balance-disorders-in-children) — Fellowship guide to tinnitus, vertigo and balance disorders in children: separating the common benign causes, benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood and vestibular migraine, from t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal - [Antenatally detected kidney and urinary-tract anomalies: newborn management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/antenatally-detected-kidney-and-urinary-tract-anomalies-newborn-management) — Fellowship guide to the newborn with an antenatally detected kidney or urinary-tract anomaly. Covers the CAKUT spectrum, antenatal hydronephrosis risk-stratification by anteroposte (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Antenatally diagnosed fetal conditions: paediatric planning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/antenatally-diagnosed-fetal-conditions-paediatric-planning) — Fellowship guide to paediatric planning for the antenatally diagnosed fetus: translating a prenatal diagnosis into a postnatal plan, running the multidisciplinary team, deciding pl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Apnoea of prematurity](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/apnoea-of-prematurity) — Fellowship guide to apnoea of prematurity — the definition and the three physiological types, the immature brainstem and chemoreceptor pathophysiology, the caffeine-first stepwise (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Bilious vomiting and neonatal intestinal obstruction](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/bilious-vomiting-and-neonatal-intestinal-obstruction) — Fellowship guide to bilious vomiting and neonatal intestinal obstruction: why green vomit demands an obstructive and surgical explanation, the proximal-versus-distal causes (duoden (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Birth trauma and brachial plexus injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/birth-trauma-and-brachial-plexus-injury) — Fellowship guide to birth trauma and brachial plexus injury: the full spectrum from soft-tissue and skeletal injuries to the Narakas-graded nerve lesion, the mechanism of traction (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and chronic neonatal lung disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia-and-chronic-neonatal-lung-disease) — Fellowship guide to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and chronic neonatal lung disease. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Cephalhaematoma and subgaleal haemorrhage](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/cephalhaematoma-and-subgaleal-haemorrhage) — Fellowship guide to the three birth-related scalp swellings: the anatomical planes that separate caput succedaneum, cephalohaematoma and subgaleal (subaponeurotic) haemorrhage, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital and perinatally acquired infections](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/congenital-and-perinatally-acquired-infections) — Fellowship guide to congenital and perinatally acquired infections: the expanding TORCH differential, mechanisms of mother-to-child transmission, the pattern-recognition signs of c (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital anomalies and dysmorphic newborn assessment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/congenital-anomalies-and-dysmorphic-newborn-assessment) — Fellowship-level approach to the newborn with a congenital anomaly or dysmorphic features: recognising major malformations and minor anomalies across every body region, clustering (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital heart disease presenting in the newborn](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/congenital-heart-disease-presenting-in-the-newborn) — Fellowship guide to the newborn with congenital heart disease: the cyanotic versus duct-dependent-obstructive bedside split, pulse-oximetry screening, prostaglandin-first resuscita (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Conjugated jaundice and neonatal cholestasis, including biliary atresia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/conjugated-jaundice-and-neonatal-cholestasis-including-biliary-atresia) — Fellowship guide to conjugated jaundice and neonatal cholestasis: why a split bilirubin must be checked in any prolonged jaundice, the extrahepatic versus intrahepatic framework, t (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Extremely preterm infant: viability and periviable counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/extremely-preterm-infant-viability-and-periviable-counselling) — Fellowship guide to extremely preterm infant: viability and periviable counselling. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Family-integrated developmental care in NICU](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/family-integrated-developmental-care-in-nicu) — Fellowship guide to family-integrated developmental care in the NICU, covering the FiCare model, the developmental care bundle, the evidence from the O'Brien 2018 cluster RCT and k (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Fetal assessment, prenatal screening and counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/fetal-assessment-prenatal-screening-and-counselling) — Fellowship guide to antenatal fetal assessment and prenatal screening: first-trimester combined screening, mid-trimester anatomy ultrasound, cell-free DNA screening, fetal growth a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Fetal growth restriction and small-for-gestational-age infant](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/fetal-growth-restriction-and-small-for-gestational-age-infant) — Fellowship guide to distinguishing fetal growth restriction from the constitutionally small infant, antenatal surveillance and Doppler interpretation, and the early neonatal manage (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Follow-up after high-risk birth and NICU discharge: growth and neurodevelopmental surveillance](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/follow-up-after-high-risk-birth-and-nicu-discharge-growth-and-neurodevelopmental-surveillance) — Fellowship guide to longitudinal growth and neurodevelopmental surveillance of the high-risk NICU graduate — corrected-age growth plotting, milestone and motor surveillance, standa (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Gestational age assessment and preterm classification](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/gestational-age-assessment-and-preterm-classification) — Fellowship guide to assigning and classifying gestational age — first-trimester ultrasound dating, the New Ballard Score, the gestational-age and birthweight bands, size-for-gestat (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/haemolytic-disease-of-the-fetus-and-newborn) — Fellowship guide to haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: maternal IgG alloantibodies (anti-D, anti-Kell, ABO) crossing the placenta, the severity ladder from mild jaundice (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hearing loss in high-risk neonates](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/hearing-loss-in-high-risk-neonates) — Fellowship guide to hearing loss in high-risk neonates — the JCIH 1-3-6 screening pathway, why the NICU infant is screened with AABR rather than OAE, the risk indicators that deman (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Human milk, fortification and preterm nutrition](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/human-milk-fortification-and-preterm-nutrition) — Fellowship guide to human milk fortification and preterm nutrition, covering growth targets, fortification strategy, and evidence for mother's own and donor milk. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/hypoxic-ischaemic-encephalopathy-and-therapeutic-hypothermia) — Fellowship guide to hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia: the excitotoxic cascade and latent phase, Sarnat staging and cooling eligibility, the 6-hour windo (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/intraventricular-haemorrhage-and-periventricular-leukomalacia) — Fellowship guide to the two great injuries of the preterm brain: germinal-matrix intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia — the vascular vulnerability, Papile (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Large-for-gestational-age infant and infants of diabetic mothers](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/large-for-gestational-age-infant-and-infants-of-diabetic-mothers) — Fellowship guide to the large-for-gestational-age infant and the infant of a diabetic mother: the Pedersen hypothesis, macrosomia, and the stepwise neonatal management of hypoglyca (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Late preterm infant: risks and follow-up](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/late-preterm-infant-risks-and-follow-up) — Fellowship guide to late preterm infant: risks and follow-up. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Maternal disease, medication and substance effects on the fetus](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/maternal-disease-medication-and-substance-effects-on-the-fetus) — Fellowship guide to how maternal medical conditions, therapeutic medications and non-medical substances affect the developing fetus and newborn: principles of teratogenesis and cri (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Meconium aspiration syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/meconium-aspiration-syndrome) — Fellowship guide to meconium aspiration syndrome: the pathophysiology of meconium-induced lung injury (airway obstruction, surfactant inactivation, chemical pneumonitis, infection (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Necrotising enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/necrotising-enterocolitis-and-spontaneous-intestinal-perforation) — Fellowship guide to the two neonatal intestinal emergencies that end in bowel perforation: necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP). Covers modi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal abstinence and withdrawal syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-abstinence-and-withdrawal-syndromes) — Fellowship guide to neonatal abstinence and withdrawal syndromes: how chronic in-utero opioid exposure reprograms fetal neurotransmitter circuits so that cord clamping unleashes a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal acute kidney injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-acute-kidney-injury) — Fellowship guide to neonatal acute kidney injury: the neonatal modified KDIGO definition and staging, the AWAKEN epidemiology, why the preterm and asphyxiated kidney is uniquely vu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal air-leak syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-air-leak-syndromes) — Fellowship guide to neonatal air-leak syndromes: the unifying mechanism of alveolar over-distension and rupture, the five syndromes, risk factors, recognition, emergency needle asp (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Neonatal anaemia, polycythaemia and thrombocytopenia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-anaemia-polycythaemia-and-thrombocytopenia) — Fellowship guide to the three major neonatal haematological disorders: anaemia (haemolytic disease, blood loss, underproduction and transfusion thresholds), polycythaemia and hyper (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal bacterial infection and sepsis: risk assessment and management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-bacterial-infection-and-sepsis-risk-assessment-and-management) — Fellowship guide to neonatal bacterial infection and sepsis: early- versus late-onset patterns, maternal and neonatal risk stratification, the clinical assessment of the unwell neo (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal cyanosis and collapsed neonate](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-cyanosis-and-collapsed-neonate) — Fellowship guide to the blue or collapsed neonate: recognising central cyanosis and shock, the five-cause differential, the hyperoxia test and pre-/post-ductal saturation split, th (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal fluid, electrolyte and nutritional management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-fluid-electrolyte-and-nutritional-management) — Fellowship guide to neonatal fluid, electrolyte and nutritional management: why the neonate is 75% water with an immature kidney and a brain building itself from substrate, the dai (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal gastro-oesophageal reflux and aspiration](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-gastro-oesophageal-reflux-and-aspiration) — Fellowship guide to neonatal gastro-oesophageal reflux and aspiration — how to tell physiologic posseting from disease, the immature lower-oesophageal-sphincter pathophysiology, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal hypoglycaemia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-hypoglycaemia) — Fellowship guide to neonatal hypoglycaemia: why the newborn brain is glucose-dependent, the operational treatment thresholds, classification by duration and cause, recognition of n (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal hypothermia and thermoregulation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-hypothermia-and-thermoregulation) — Fellowship guide to neonatal thermoregulation and hypothermia: why the newborn loses heat faster than it can generate it, the four heat-loss pathways, WHO temperature classificatio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal hypotonia and neuromuscular weakness](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-hypotonia-and-neuromuscular-weakness) — Fellowship guide to the hypotonic neonate: the central-versus-peripheral split, the motor-unit differential, targeted genetic and electrophysiological testing, and the time-critica (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal jaundice: unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-jaundice-unconjugated-hyperbilirubinaemia) — Fellowship guide to neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia: bilirubin metabolism and pathophysiology, physiological versus pathological jaundice, hour-specific risk assessment u (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal pain assessment and procedural comfort](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-pain-assessment-and-procedural-comfort) — Fellowship guide to neonatal pain assessment and procedural comfort: the neuroscience proving neonates feel pain (Slater EEG, Goksan fMRI), the hyper-excitable preterm brain, the v (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal palliative care and end-of-life decision-making](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-palliative-care-and-end-of-life-decision-making) — Fellowship-level approach to neonatal palliative care and end-of-life decision-making: perinatal palliative care from the antenatal diagnosis, the threshold-of-viability decision, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal respiratory distress: diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-respiratory-distress-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship guide to neonatal respiratory distress: diagnostic approach. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Neonatal resuscitation and post-resuscitation stabilisation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-resuscitation-and-post-resuscitation-stabilisation) — Fellowship guide to neonatal resuscitation and post-resuscitation stabilisation: anticipation, the first-minute assessment, positive-pressure ventilation, chest compressions, adren (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Neonatal seizures and encephalopathy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-seizures-and-encephalopathy) — Fellowship guide to neonatal seizures and encephalopathy: recognition, EEG-based classification, the excitotoxic cascade, the aetiological differential, the antiseizure-medication (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal skin disorders and birthmarks](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-skin-disorders-and-birthmarks) — Fellowship guide to neonatal skin disorders and birthmarks: triaging benign and transient rashes from the syndromic and serious, the Mulliken–Glowacki biological split of vascular (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal stroke and intracranial haemorrhage](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-stroke-and-intracranial-haemorrhage) — Fellowship guide to neonatal stroke and intracranial haemorrhage: perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke, cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, germinal matrix-IVH and neonatal haemorrhagic (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal transport and retrieval](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/neonatal-transport-and-retrieval) — Fellowship guide to neonatal transport and retrieval: triaging a transport request, the STABLE pretransport stabilisation, the specialist retrieval pathway, temperature and glucose (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Newborn examination and screening](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/newborn-examination-and-screening) — Fellowship-level systematic newborn examination and universal newborn screening: head-to-toe assessment within 24-72 hours, the four targeted screens (pulse oximetry for critical c (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Parenteral nutrition in neonates](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/parenteral-nutrition-in-neonates) — Fellowship guide to parenteral nutrition in neonates: why the preterm newborn faces a catabolic crisis if starved, the composition and advancement of the PN admixture (amino acids, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/patent-ductus-arteriosus-in-preterm-infants) — Fellowship guide to patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: why the preterm ductus fails to close, what makes it haemodynamically significant, the bedside and echocardiographi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Perinatal infection screening and prevention](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/perinatal-infection-screening-and-prevention) — Fellowship guide to preventing mother-to-child infection: the universal antenatal screen (HIV, hepatitis B, syphilis, rubella), Group B Streptococcus screening and intrapartum prop (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/persistent-pulmonary-hypertension-of-the-newborn) — Fellowship guide to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Poor feeding and feeding intolerance in the neonate](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/poor-feeding-and-feeding-intolerance-in-the-neonate) — Fellowship guide to poor feeding and feeding intolerance in the neonate: why these are alarm signals not diagnoses, the surgical-versus-medical split, the Bell staging of necrotisi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Preterm infant: immediate and longitudinal care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/preterm-infant-immediate-and-longitudinal-care) — Fellowship guide to the preterm infant: gestational-age-stratified stabilisation, respiratory and nutritional pathways, thermoregulation, complication prevention and structured lon (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/respiratory-distress-syndrome-of-prematurity) — Fellowship guide to respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity: surfactant deficiency as the central mechanism, the gestational-age incidence ladder, clinical and radiographic fe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Retinopathy of prematurity](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/retinopathy-of-prematurity) — Fellowship guide to retinopathy of prematurity: classification by ICROP-3, screening, the two-phase pathogenesis, and Type 1 treatment. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Routine care of the healthy newborn](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/routine-care-of-the-healthy-newborn) — Fellowship guide to routine care of the healthy term newborn: golden-hour immediate care, feeding establishment, vitamin K and hepatitis B prophylaxis, cord and skin care, jaundice (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Transient tachypnoea of the newborn](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/transient-tachypnoea-of-the-newborn) — Self-limiting neonatal respiratory distress caused by delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid, most common in term and late-preterm infants delivered by elective caesarean without la (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Transition at birth and delayed cord clamping](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal/transition-at-birth-and-delayed-cord-clamping) — Fellowship guide to neonatal transition and delayed (deferred) cord clamping: the physiology of fetal-to-neonatal circulatory adaptation, the placental transfusion, timing threshol (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) ### gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition - [Abdominal wall and umbilical disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/abdominal-wall-and-umbilical-disorders) — Fellowship guide to abdominal wall and umbilical disorders in children, built around the rule that gastroschisis sits to the right of a normally inserted cord with bare bowel and n (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute abdominal pain in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/acute-abdominal-pain-in-children) — Fellowship guide to acute abdominal pain in children: the disciplined emergency-department approach that separates the surgical abdomen (appendicitis, intussusception, malrotation (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute gastroenteritis and infectious diarrhoea](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/acute-gastroenteritis-and-infectious-diarrhoea) — Fellowship guide to acute gastroenteritis and infectious diarrhoea in children: the commonest reason a child becomes acutely dehydrated, and the condition in which getting rehydrat (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute liver failure](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/acute-liver-failure) — Fellowship guide to paediatric acute liver failure: the PALF diagnostic criteria in which encephalopathy is not required unlike adults, the age-dependent aetiology, the use of N-ac (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute vomiting in infants and children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/acute-vomiting-in-infants-and-children) — Fellowship guide to acute vomiting in infants and children: the bilious-vomiting surgical emergency, the age-based differential from malrotation and pyloric stenosis to gastroenter (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Appendicitis and surgical abdomen](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/appendicitis-and-surgical-abdomen) — Fellowship guide to appendicitis as the paradigm of the paediatric surgical abdomen, built around the child with periumbilical pain that migrates to the right iliac fossa with anor (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Ascites and peritoneal disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/ascites-and-peritoneal-disease) — Fellowship guide to ascites and peritoneal disease in children: the serum-ascites albumin gradient as the key diagnostic tool separating portal hypertension from non-portal causes, (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Bilious vomiting and intestinal obstruction](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/bilious-vomiting-and-intestinal-obstruction) — Fellowship guide to bilious vomiting and intestinal obstruction in children, built around the one rule that green vomiting in a neonate is malrotation with midgut volvulus until pr (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Breastfeeding medicine and lactation support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/breastfeeding-medicine-and-lactation-support) — Fellowship guide to breastfeeding medicine and lactation support: the care of the breastfeeding mother-infant dyad from the physiology of prolactin-driven milk synthesis and the ox (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic and recurrent abdominal pain](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/chronic-and-recurrent-abdominal-pain) — Fellowship guide to chronic and recurrent abdominal pain in children: the Rome IV functional abdominal pain disorders (functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal mig (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and portal hypertension](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/chronic-liver-disease-cirrhosis-and-portal-hypertension) — Fellowship guide to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and portal hypertension in children: the prehepatic, intrahepatic and posthepatic classification, biliary atresia as the paradi (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Coeliac disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/coeliac-disease) — Fellowship guide to coeliac disease in children: the immune-mediated small-bowel enteropathy triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible people, the classic and non-classic pres (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Constipation and faecal incontinence](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/constipation-and-faecal-incontinence) — Fellowship guide to childhood constipation and faecal incontinence: the Rome IV diagnosis of functional constipation, the withholding vicious cycle that drives megarectum and overf (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Dysphagia and oesophageal disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/dysphagia-and-oesophageal-disorders) — Fellowship guide to dysphagia and the oesophageal disorders of childhood: the child who cannot move food safely from mouth to stomach, whether because the transfer of the bolus fro (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Enteral feeding tubes and home enteral nutrition](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/enteral-feeding-tubes-and-home-enteral-nutrition) — Fellowship guide to paediatric enteral feeding tubes and home enteral nutrition: the child with cerebral palsy who cannot swallow safely and needs a gastrostomy, the short-term nas (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Feeding assessment and paediatric dysphagia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/feeding-assessment-and-paediatric-dysphagia) — Fellowship guide to feeding assessment and paediatric dysphagia: the child who coughs, chokes or turns blue with feeds, the wet-voice and prolonged mealtimes of oropharyngeal dysph (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Food protein-induced enterocolitis and enteropathy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/food-protein-induced-enterocolitis-and-enteropathy) — Fellowship guide to food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES): a non-IgE-mediated food allergy of infancy in which a trigger protein produces delayed, repetitive vomiting (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Formula feeding and complementary feeding](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/formula-feeding-and-complementary-feeding) — Fellowship guide to formula feeding and complementary feeding: the classification and compositional standard for infant formula, why cow's milk is unsuitable before twelve months, (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/functional-abdominal-pain-and-irritable-bowel-syndrome) — Fellowship guide to paediatric functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome as disorders of gut-brain interaction: the Rome IV criteria that define functional abdominal p (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Gastro-oesophageal reflux and reflux disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/gastro-oesophageal-reflux-and-reflux-disease) — Fellowship guide to paediatric gastro-oesophageal reflux and reflux disease — how to separate the physiologic reflux of the happy spitter from the disease that harms, the transient (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Gastrointestinal bleeding](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/gastrointestinal-bleeding) — Fellowship guide to gastrointestinal bleeding in children, built around the upper versus lower split at the ligament of Treitz and the way the differential shifts with age. The pag (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hirschsprung disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/hirschsprung-disease) — Fellowship guide to Hirschsprung disease, built around the rule that a term neonate who has not passed meconium within 48 hours has a functional obstruction until proven otherwise. (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Inflammatory bowel disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/inflammatory-bowel-disease) — Fellowship guide to inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents: the ESPGHAN revised Porto criteria for diagnosis, the distinction between Crohn disease and ulcerative c (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Intussusception](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/intussusception) — Fellowship guide to intussusception in children, built around the single rule that a previously well infant with intermittent colicky screaming, vomiting and a sausage-shaped mass (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Liver transplantation in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/liver-transplantation-in-children) — Fellowship guide to liver transplantation in children: the indications with biliary atresia dominant, graft types including living-donor and split grafts, the Paediatric End-stage (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Malnutrition: nutritional rehabilitation and monitoring](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/malnutrition-nutritional-rehabilitation-and-monitoring) — Fellowship guide to acute malnutrition and its nutritional rehabilitation in children. The page covers the recognition of severe and moderate acute malnutrition by weight-for-heigh (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Malrotation and volvulus](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/malrotation-and-volvulus) — Fellowship guide to intestinal malrotation and midgut volvulus, the one rotational anomaly that turns a well neonate into a surgical catastrophe within hours. The page follows the (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Micronutrient deficiencies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/micronutrient-deficiencies) — Fellowship guide to micronutrient deficiencies in children, the so-called hidden hunger: the iron-deficient toddler with pallor, pica and faltering growth screened at twelve months (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-in-children) — Fellowship guide to paediatric fatty liver disease, now named metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): the multisociety 2023 nomenclature and the steatosis (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Normal nutritional requirements across childhood](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/normal-nutritional-requirements-across-childhood) — Fellowship guide to normal nutritional requirements across childhood, covering the age-specific energy, protein, fat and micronutrient needs that sustain growth, with the ESPGHAN, (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Nutritional management of chronic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/nutritional-management-of-chronic-disease) — Fellowship guide to the nutritional management of chronic disease in children: the cystic fibrosis child who needs high calorie, high fat intake with pancreatic enzymes and fat-sol (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oesophagitis, caustic ingestion and oesophageal injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/oesophagitis-caustic-ingestion-and-oesophageal-injury) — Fellowship guide to paediatric oesophagitis and oesophageal injury, built around the button-battery emergency: the reflux, eosinophilic, infective and pill causes of oesophagitis; (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Paediatric feeding disorder: nutritional and gastrointestinal management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/paediatric-feeding-disorder-nutritional-and-gastrointestinal-management) — Fellowship guide to paediatric feeding disorder and its nutritional and gastrointestinal management: the child whose oral intake is impaired across the four domains of medical, nut (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pancreatitis and pancreatic disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/pancreatitis-and-pancreatic-disorders) — Fellowship guide to pancreatitis and pancreatic disorders in children: the NASPGHAN classification and two-of-three diagnostic criteria for acute pancreatitis, the premature intrac (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Parenteral nutrition and refeeding syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/parenteral-nutrition-and-refeeding-syndrome) — Fellowship guide to prescribing parenteral nutrition safely in children and to preventing refeeding syndrome when nutrition is restarted after starvation. The page covers the rule (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Peptic disease and Helicobacter pylori](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/peptic-disease-and-helicobacter-pylori) — A fellowship approach to peptic disease and Helicobacter pylori in children: separate primary H. pylori-associated ulceration from NSAID and stress-related injury and from function (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Persistent and chronic diarrhoea](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/persistent-and-chronic-diarrhoea) — Fellowship guide to persistent and chronic diarrhoea in children: the duration definitions that separate it from acute gastroenteritis, the osmotic, secretory, inflammatory and dys (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Polyps and inherited gastrointestinal cancer syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/polyps-and-inherited-gastrointestinal-cancer-syndromes) — Fellowship guide to gastrointestinal polyps in children: distinguishing the benign isolated juvenile polyp from the inherited cancer syndromes juvenile polyposis, familial adenomat (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Short-bowel syndrome and intestinal failure](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/short-bowel-syndrome-and-intestinal-failure) — Fellowship guide to short-bowel syndrome and intestinal failure in children, built around the rule that the remaining anatomy matters more than the residual length: an intact colon (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Viral, autoimmune and metabolic hepatitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/viral-autoimmune-and-metabolic-hepatitis) — Fellowship guide to hepatitis in children across viral, autoimmune and metabolic causes: the faecal-oral acute viruses hepatitis A and E that never become chronic, the parenteral a (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) ### genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism - [22q11.2 deletion syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/22q11-2-deletion-syndrome) — A fellowship approach to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: recognise the multisystem fingerprint (conotruncal cardiac defect, cleft palate, neonatal hypocalcaemia, thymic and T-cell defic (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Acute metabolic decompensation: recognition and stabilisation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/acute-metabolic-decompensation-recognition-and-stabilisation) — Acute metabolic decompensation is the life-threatening biochemical collapse that occurs when an inherited metabolic disorder is unmasked by catabolic stress. Recognition is pattern (exams=racp_basic,racp_advanced,mrcpch_theory,rcpch_progress; updated=2026-07-13) - [Amino-acid disorders including phenylketonuria and MSUD](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/amino-acid-disorders-including-phenylketonuria-and-msud) — A fellowship approach to the inherited amino-acid disorders: recognise phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease, tyrosinaemia type I and homocystinuria as autosomal-recessive blo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Chromosomal microarray, exome and genome sequencing](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/chromosomal-microarray-exome-and-genome-sequencing) — Fellowship approach to choosing between chromosomal microarray, whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing in a child with congenital anomalies, developmental delay or a suspected mon (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Dietary, cofactor and emergency management of metabolic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/dietary-cofactor-and-emergency-management-of-metabolic-disease) — The day-to-day and crisis treatment of inherited metabolic disease rests on four pillars: dietary substrate restriction with medical foods, cofactor or vitamin therapy that rescues (exams=racp_basic,racp_advanced,racp_dwe,racp_dce,rcpch_progress,mrcpch_theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Disorders of metal metabolism: Wilson and Menkes disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/disorders-of-metal-metabolism-wilson-and-menkes-disease) — A fellowship approach to the two inherited copper-transporting ATPase disorders: Wilson disease, in which a defective ATP7B gene causes copper to accumulate and poison the liver an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Down syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/down-syndrome) — A fellowship approach to Down syndrome: recognise the three genetic mechanisms (free trisomy 21, Robertsonian translocation, mosaicism) and why a karyotype changes genetic counsell (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Dysmorphology examination and syndrome recognition](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/dysmorphology-examination-and-syndrome-recognition) — Fellowship approach to a structured dysmorphology examination using standard Elements of morphology terminology, classifying anomalies by mechanism and significance, generating and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ethical issues in genomic diagnosis and cascade testing](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/ethical-issues-in-genomic-diagnosis-and-cascade-testing) — A fellowship approach to the ethics of genomic diagnosis and cascade testing in children: apply the AAP, ACMG, and ASHG framework that governs consent, predictive testing, secondar (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Fatty-acid oxidation disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/fatty-acid-oxidation-disorders) — A fellowship approach to the fatty-acid oxidation disorders: recognise the child who cannot switch to fat-burning during fasting and so presents with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, car (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Fragile X syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/fragile-x-syndrome) — A fellowship approach to fragile X syndrome: recognise the X-linked FMR1 CGG-repeat expansion as the commonest inherited cause of intellectual disability, confirm the molecular dia (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Genetic deafness and blindness syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/genetic-deafness-and-blindness-syndromes) — A fellowship approach to genetic deafness and blindness syndromes: recognise the infant who fails newborn hearing screening as a candidate for GJB2 and Usher evaluation, build the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Genetic history, pedigree construction and inheritance patterns](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/genetic-history-pedigree-construction-and-inheritance-patterns) — A fellowship approach to the genetic family history: draw a standardised three-generation pedigree using National Society of Genetic Counselors nomenclature, recognise each inherit (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Genomic testing, variant interpretation and counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/genomic-testing-variant-interpretation-and-counselling) — A fellowship approach to genomic testing in paediatrics: choose the right test from the hierarchy of karyotype, chromosomal microarray, gene panel, exome, and whole-genome sequenci (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Glycogen-storage and carbohydrate metabolism disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/glycogen-storage-and-carbohydrate-metabolism-disorders) — A fellowship approach to the glycogen-storage and carbohydrate metabolism disorders: recognise the hepatic glycogenoses through the signature of hepatomegaly with fasting hypoglyca (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypoglycaemia due to inherited metabolic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/hypoglycaemia-due-to-inherited-metabolic-disease) — A fellowship approach to hypoglycaemia caused by inherited metabolic disease: recognise the fasted or febrile child with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, seizures or hepatomegaly as an e (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Inborn errors presenting with neurological regression](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/inborn-errors-presenting-with-neurological-regression) — A fellowship approach to the inborn errors of metabolism that present with neurological regression: recognise loss of previously acquired milestones as a red flag, distinguish true (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Klinefelter syndrome and sex chromosome aneuploidy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/klinefelter-syndrome-and-sex-chromosome-aneuploidy) — A fellowship approach to sex chromosome aneuploidies: recognise that Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is the commonest chromosomal aneuploidy in humans yet more than half of cases are (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Lysosomal storage disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/lysosomal-storage-disorders) — A fellowship approach to the lysosomal storage disorders: recognise the clinical phenotypes that trigger the search (developmental regression with organomegaly, coarse facies, or c (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Marfan syndrome and heritable connective-tissue disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/marfan-syndrome-and-heritable-connective-tissue-disorders) — A fellowship approach to Marfan syndrome and the heritable connective-tissue disorders: recognise the marfanoid child, confirm Marfan with the revised Ghent nosology and FBN1 seque (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Mitochondrial disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/mitochondrial-disease) — A fellowship approach to mitochondrial disease: recognise the energy-failure phenotype across high-demand tissues, hold the dual-genome logic (maternal mtDNA versus Mendelian nDNA) (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Mucopolysaccharidoses and oligosaccharidoses](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/mucopolysaccharidoses-and-oligosaccharidoses) — A fellowship approach to the mucopolysaccharidoses and oligosaccharidoses: recognise the coarse-facies child with dysostosis multiplex and hepatosplenomegaly, group the disorders b (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/neurofibromatosis-type-1-and-type-2) — A fellowship approach to neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2: recognise the child with multiple cafe-au-lait macules and freckling as NF1 until proven otherwise, confirm clinically (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Noonan syndrome and RASopathies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/noonan-syndrome-and-rasopathies) — A fellowship approach to Noonan syndrome and the RASopathies: recognise the shared facio-cardio-cutaneous phenotype produced by gain-of-function germline variants in the RAS/MAPK p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Organic acidaemias](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/organic-acidaemias) — A fellowship approach to the organic acidaemias: recognise the high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis with ketosis that distinguishes them from the urea cycle disorders, treat on suspic (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Peroxisomal disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/peroxisomal-disorders) — A fellowship approach to the peroxisomal disorders: split them at the bedside into the peroxisome biogenesis disorders (the Zellweger spectrum — a dysmorphic, hypotonic neonate wit (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/prader-willi-and-angelman-syndromes) — A fellowship approach to Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes: recognise the reciprocal imprinting errors at 15q11-q13, confirm the diagnosis with methylation analysis, and build sy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Prenatal diagnosis and reproductive genetics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/prenatal-diagnosis-and-reproductive-genetics) — Fellowship guide to prenatal diagnosis and reproductive genetics: screening versus diagnostic genetic testing, first-trimester combined screening and cell-free DNA, chorionic villu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Skeletal dysplasias](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/skeletal-dysplasias) — A fellowship approach to the skeletal dysplasias: recognise the disproportionate child and the lethal short-limbed newborn, group the disorders by molecular pathway (FGFR3, type II (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Syndromic craniosynostosis and craniofacial disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/syndromic-craniosynostosis-and-craniofacial-disorders) — A fellowship approach to syndromic craniosynostosis and the genetic craniofacial disorders: recognise that an abnormal head shape with midface hypoplasia, exorbitism or a limb anom (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Tuberous sclerosis complex](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/tuberous-sclerosis-complex) — A fellowship approach to tuberous sclerosis complex: recognise the infant with hypomelanotic macules and infantile spasms or the fetus with a cardiac rhabdomyoma as having TSC, con (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Turner syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/turner-syndrome) — A fellowship approach to Turner syndrome: recognise the complete or partial loss of one X chromosome as the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy in females, confirm the diagnosis (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Urea-cycle disorders and hyperammonaemia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/urea-cycle-disorders-and-hyperammonaemia) — A fellowship approach to the urea cycle disorders: recognise hyperammonaemia as a time-critical metabolic emergency that mimics sepsis in the neonate and presents with bizarre beha (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Williams syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism/williams-syndrome) — A fellowship approach to Williams syndrome: recognise the multisystem pattern of a 7q11.23 microdeletion (distinctive facies, supravalvular aortic stenosis and elastin arteriopathy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) ### growth-development-and-behaviour - [Adolescent transition for neurodevelopmental disability](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/adolescent-transition-for-neurodevelopmental-disability) — Fellowship guide to adolescent transition for neurodevelopmental disability: structured transition frameworks, readiness assessment, portable summaries, warm handoff, legal and fam (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder) — Fellowship guide to paediatric ADHD: multi-setting diagnosis, differentials including sleep and learning mimics, age-banded multimodal care, stimulant and non-stimulant frameworks (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Augmentative communication, assistive technology and adaptive equipment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/augmentative-communication-assistive-technology-and-adaptive-equipment) — Fellowship-level prescription and coordination of AAC, assistive technology and adaptive equipment for children with complex communication and motor needs — feature-matching, trial (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Autism spectrum disorder](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/autism-spectrum-disorder) — Fellowship assessment and management of autism spectrum disorder: DSM-5-TR diagnosis, multimodal evaluation, early supports, comorbidity care, irritability pharmacotherapy with mon (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Behavioural assessment and functional analysis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/behavioural-assessment-and-functional-analysis) — Fellowship guide to paediatric behavioural assessment and functional analysis: operational definitions, medical and communication screens, multi-setting ABC data, four maintaining (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Behavioural management of defiance and oppositional behaviours](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/behavioural-management-of-defiance-and-oppositional-behaviours) — Fellowship guide to behavioural management of defiance and oppositional behaviours in general paediatrics: normative noncompliance versus ODD and CD, coercive cycles, multi-informa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Cerebral palsy: early recognition and classification](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/cerebral-palsy-early-recognition-and-classification) — Fellowship approach to early recognition of cerebral palsy, motor phenotype and topography, functional classification systems (GMFCS, MACS, CFCS, EDACS), early detection tools and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Cerebral palsy: surveillance and multidisciplinary management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/cerebral-palsy-surveillance-and-multidisciplinary-management) — Fellowship guide to lifelong cerebral palsy surveillance and multidisciplinary management: functional classification, hip and comorbidity surveillance, tone and motor interventions (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Children with developmental disability in acute care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/children-with-developmental-disability-in-acute-care) — Fellowship approach to children with developmental disability in ED and hospital: avoid diagnostic overshadowing, use caregiver baseline and hospital passports, apply reasonable ad (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Children with disability in school and community settings](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/children-with-disability-in-school-and-community-settings) — Fellowship-level paediatric role for children with disability in school and community: ICF-style function, medical home partnership, school letters, emergency plans, participation (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental assessment: history, examination and standardised tools](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/developmental-assessment-history-examination-and-standardised-tools) — Fellowship approach to structured developmental history and examination, correct age use, selection and limits of standardised screening and diagnostic tools, first-line hearing an (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental coordination disorder](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/developmental-coordination-disorder) — Fellowship guide to developmental coordination disorder: DSM/EACD criteria, red-flag exclusions, DCDQ and standardised motor testing, task-oriented intervention, comorbidity, schoo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental delay: global diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/developmental-delay-global-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship diagnostic approach to global developmental delay: multi-domain pattern recognition, threat-first assessment, hearing and vision, evolving genetic testing tiers, selecti (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental regression: urgent diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/developmental-regression-urgent-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship urgent diagnostic approach to developmental regression: confirm true skill loss, triage threat, phenotype-guided investigation, parallel supports, and exam-ready communi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Early intervention and developmental care planning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/early-intervention-and-developmental-care-planning) — Fellowship guide to early intervention and developmental care planning: from parental concern and failed screens to urgent gates, parallel referral, family-centred goals, key-worke (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Family-centred developmental care and goal setting](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/family-centred-developmental-care-and-goal-setting) — Fellowship-level approach to family-centred developmental care and goal setting: PFCC principles, ICF-CY and F-words framing, SMART/GAS/COPM goals, shared decisions, structural bar (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Feeding problems, food refusal and selective eating](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/feeding-problems-food-refusal-and-selective-eating) — Fellowship approach to feeding problems, food refusal and selective eating: separate ordinary toddler neophobia from pediatric feeding disorder and ARFID, exclude organic red flags (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [General movements assessment and Hammersmith infant neurological examination](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/general-movements-assessment-and-hammersmith-infant-neurological-examination) — Fellowship approach to Prechtl general movements assessment and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination: timing windows, what each tool assesses, combination with neuroimag (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Hearing impairment and development](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/hearing-impairment-and-development) — Fellowship-level approach to childhood hearing impairment and development: permanent versus temporary loss, classification, critical-period language effects, early amplification an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Intellectual developmental disorder](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/intellectual-developmental-disorder) — Fellowship approach to intellectual developmental disorder: dual intellectual and adaptive criteria, severity by adaptive function, GDD-to-ID framing, aetiological evaluation inclu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Motor delay, hypotonia and the floppy infant](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/motor-delay-hypotonia-and-the-floppy-infant) — Fellowship approach to motor delay, hypotonia and the floppy infant: bedside localisation of central versus peripheral tone problems, can't-miss differentials including SMA and inf (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Neurodiversity-affirming developmental care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/neurodiversity-affirming-developmental-care) — A fellowship approach to neurodiversity-affirming developmental care: person-environment fit, double empathy, language preference, anti-ableism, camouflaging and burnout recognitio (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal cognitive, emotional and behavioural development](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/normal-cognitive-emotional-and-behavioural-development) — Fellowship approach to normal cognitive, emotional and behavioural development from infancy through adolescence: age bands, temperament, executive function, self-regulation, red fl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal growth from fetal life through adolescence](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/normal-growth-from-fetal-life-through-adolescence) — Fellowship guide to normal fetal-to-adolescent growth physiology, ICP phases, chart interpretation, mid-parental height, puberty and red-flag growth patterns. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal language, communication and social development](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/normal-language-communication-and-social-development) — Fellowship guide to normal language, communication and social development from infancy through school age: age-banded milestones, bedside observation, red flags, bilingual assessme (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal motor development and developmental variation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/normal-motor-development-and-developmental-variation) — Fellowship guide to normal gross and fine motor development, WHO windows of achievement, healthy variation including non-crawling paths, bedside motor examination, and the first de (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [School refusal and school attendance problems](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/school-refusal-and-school-attendance-problems) — Fellowship guide to school refusal and attendance problems: behaviour not diagnosis, Kearney four-function analysis, Egger anxious-refusal versus truancy profiles, multi-informant (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Sensory processing differences](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/sensory-processing-differences) — Fellowship-level approach to sensory processing differences in children: dimensional features, classification, medical mimics, functional assessment, environmental supports, occupa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Social communication concerns and autism recognition](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/social-communication-concerns-and-autism-recognition) — Fellowship approach to recognising social communication concerns and autism risk from infancy through school age: red flags, differential diagnosis, autism-specific screening limit (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Specific learning disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/specific-learning-disorders) — Fellowship guide to specific learning disorders: DSM-5 domain thinking for reading, writing and maths; medical evaluation of academic underachievement; differentials from IDD, ADHD (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Speech and language delay](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/speech-and-language-delay) — Fellowship guide to speech and language delay: speech versus language versus social communication, late talkers versus DLD (CATALISE), mandatory hearing pathway, red flags, differe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Temper tantrums, aggression and emotional dysregulation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/temper-tantrums-aggression-and-emotional-dysregulation) — Fellowship guide to temper tantrums, aggression and emotional dysregulation: developmental norms versus impairing behaviour, ABC assessment, medical and safeguarding differentials, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toilet training and elimination behaviour](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/toilet-training-and-elimination-behaviour) — Fellowship approach to toilet-training readiness and elimination behaviour: non-punitive counselling, DSM and ICCS classification of enuresis and encopresis, enuresis triad and con (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Visual impairment and development](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/growth-development-and-behaviour/visual-impairment-and-development) — A fellowship approach to childhood visual impairment: definitions, red-reflex and age-adapted surveillance, critical-period urgency, cerebral versus ocular pathways, developmental (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) ### haematology-oncology-and-transfusion - [Anaemia: diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/anaemia-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship MCV-based diagnostic approach to confirmed paediatric anaemia: age-specific haemoglobin thresholds, the microcytic or normocytic or macrocytic grid combined with reticul (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Aplastic anaemia and bone-marrow failure](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/aplastic-anaemia-and-bone-marrow-failure) — Fellowship guide to aplastic anaemia and inherited bone marrow failure in children. Covers the Camitta criteria for severe aplastic anaemia of marrow cellularity under 25 percent w (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Bleeding child: diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/bleeding-child-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship guide to the systematic diagnostic approach to the child who presents with bleeding or bruising. Covers recognising normal childhood bruising, quantifying the bleeding h (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Blood-component therapy in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/blood-component-therapy-in-children) — Fellowship guide to blood-component therapy in children, the deliberate, dose-based use of red cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate to correct deficits the bod (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Bone and soft-tissue sarcomas](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/bone-and-soft-tissue-sarcomas) — Fellowship guide to bone and soft-tissue sarcomas in children. Covers osteosarcoma as the commonest primary malignant bone tumour of adolescence arising in the metaphysis around th (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Brain and spinal tumours](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/brain-and-spinal-tumours) — Fellowship guide to brain and spinal tumours in children. Covers the central nervous system as the second commonest site of childhood cancer and the leading cause of cancer death i (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cancer therapy complications and supportive care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/cancer-therapy-complications-and-supportive-care) — Fellowship guide to the complications of anticancer therapy and the supportive care that surrounds it in children. Covers chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting risk-stratified a (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Childhood cancer warning signs and diagnostic pathways](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/childhood-cancer-warning-signs-and-diagnostic-pathways) — Fellowship guide to the warning signs and diagnostic pathways of childhood cancer. Covers the rarity of childhood malignancy against a sea of benign presentations, the central prin (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/disseminated-intravascular-coagulation) — Fellowship guide to disseminated intravascular coagulation in children. Covers the acquired syndrome of systemic intravascular coagulation driven by sepsis, malignancy, trauma, and (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Febrile neutropenia and infection in oncology](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/febrile-neutropenia-and-infection-in-oncology) — Fellowship guide to febrile neutropenia and infection in the child with cancer. Covers the definition of fever in neutropenia, the absolute-neutrophil-count threshold of 0.5, the b (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Full blood count and blood-film interpretation in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/full-blood-count-and-blood-film-interpretation-in-children) — A fellowship approach to reading the full blood count and blood film in a child: children are not small adults, so every parameter is read against age-specific ranges, the physiolo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [G6PD deficiency and enzymopathies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/g6pd-deficiency-and-enzymopathies) — Fellowship guide to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and the red-cell enzymopathies in children. Covers the X-linked loss of the pentose phosphate pathway enzyme that l (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Germ-cell tumours](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/germ-cell-tumours) — Fellowship guide to germ cell tumours in children. Covers the primordial germ cell origin and the midline distribution from sacrococcygeal teratoma through mediastinal and gonadal (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/haematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation) — Fellowship guide to haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in children. Covers the separation of autologous from allogeneic transplant, the donor hierarchy from the matched sibli (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Haemolytic anaemia: diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/haemolytic-anaemia-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship guide to the systematic diagnostic approach to haemolytic anaemia in infants, children and adolescents. Covers recognising haemolysis from reticulocytes, lactate dehydro (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Haemophilia A and B](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/haemophilia-a-and-b) — Fellowship guide to haemophilia A and B: the X-linked recessive coagulopathies from deficiency of factor VIII or factor IX, the factor-level severity classification (severe under 1 (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hereditary spherocytosis and membrane disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/hereditary-spherocytosis-and-membrane-disorders) — Fellowship guide to hereditary spherocytosis and the inherited red cell membrane disorders: the pale jaundiced child with splenomegaly, the spherocyte on the blood film, the eosin- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Iron deficiency anaemia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/iron-deficiency-anaemia) — Fellowship guide to iron deficiency anaemia in children, beginning with the dietary and growth-driven demand that outstrips supply in toddlers and adolescent girls, the microcytic (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-16) - [Leukaemia in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/leukaemia-in-children) — Fellowship guide to leukaemia in children. Covers the separation of acute lymphoblastic from acute myeloid leukaemia, the peak age of two to five years, the presentation of pallor, (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Long-term follow-up and late effects of childhood cancer](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/long-term-follow-up-and-late-effects-of-childhood-cancer) — Fellowship guide to the long-term follow-up and late effects of childhood cancer. Covers the survivor as the success story of modern oncology with over eighty percent five-year sur (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Lymphoma in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/lymphoma-in-children) — Fellowship guide to lymphoma in children. Covers the separation of Hodgkin from non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the four high-grade paediatric non-Hodgkin subtypes of Burkitt, lymphoblastic, (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Megaloblastic and macrocytic anaemia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/megaloblastic-and-macrocytic-anaemia) — Fellowship guide to megaloblastic and macrocytic anaemia in children. Covers the distinction between macrocytosis as a mean corpuscular volume above the age-specific range and mega (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neuroblastoma](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/neuroblastoma) — Fellowship guide to neuroblastoma in children. Covers the neural crest origin of the neuroblastic tumours, the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group staging system with the image- (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neutropenia and neutrophil disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/neutropenia-and-neutrophil-disorders) — Fellowship guide to neutropenia and the neutrophil disorders in children. Covers the absolute neutrophil count thresholds that define and grade neutropenia from mild to severe, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pancytopenia and marrow infiltration](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/pancytopenia-and-marrow-infiltration) — Fellowship guide to pancytopenia and marrow infiltration in children. Covers the definition of a fall in all three blood lineages, the three pathogenetic mechanisms of reduced marr (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sickle cell acute complications](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/sickle-cell-acute-complications) — Fellowship guide to the acute complications of sickle cell disease in children. Covers the five emergencies driven by sickled red cells: the vaso-occlusive pain crisis treated with (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sickle cell disease: diagnosis and health maintenance](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/sickle-cell-disease-diagnosis-and-health-maintenance) — Fellowship guide to the diagnosis and health maintenance of sickle cell disease in children. Covers the autosomal recessive haemoglobinopathy born of the glutamate-to-valine substi (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Thalassaemia syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/thalassaemia-syndromes) — Fellowship guide to the thalassaemia syndromes in children, the inherited disorders of globin-chain synthesis that range from the transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia major of e (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/thrombocytopenia-and-immune-thrombocytopenia) — Fellowship guide to thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia in children. Covers the isolated thrombocytopenia with a platelet count under 100 times ten to the nine per litre i (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Transfusion reactions and massive transfusion](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/transfusion-reactions-and-massive-transfusion) — Fellowship guide to transfusion reactions and massive transfusion in children. Covers the recognition and stepwise management of the acute transfusion reactions a paediatric traine (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tumour lysis syndrome and oncologic emergencies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/tumour-lysis-syndrome-and-oncologic-emergencies) — Fellowship guide to tumour lysis syndrome and the paediatric oncologic emergencies. Covers the Cairo-Bishop classification of laboratory and clinical tumour lysis syndrome with its (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism and thrombophilia in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/venous-thromboembolism-pulmonary-embolism-and-thrombophilia-in-children) — Fellowship guide to venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism and thrombophilia in children: the bimodal epidemiology peaking in neonates and adolescents, the predominance of prov (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Von Willebrand disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/von-willebrand-disease) — Fellowship guide to von Willebrand disease, the most common inherited bleeding disorder, caused by a quantitative or qualitative defect of von Willebrand factor. Covers the Sadler (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Wilms tumour and renal malignancies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/haematology-oncology-and-transfusion/wilms-tumour-and-renal-malignancies) — Fellowship guide to Wilms tumour and the paediatric renal malignancies. Covers nephroblastoma as the commonest renal malignancy of childhood arising from the nephrogenic blastema w (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### infectious-diseases - [Animal bites, arthropod bites and zoonoses](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/animal-bites-arthropod-bites-and-zoonoses) — Fellowship guide to animal and arthropod bites and zoonoses in children: the exposure history that drives risk stratification, dog and cat bite microbiology with Pasteurella and Ca (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Antimicrobial pharmacology, selection, dosing and stewardship in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/antimicrobial-pharmacology-selection-dosing-and-stewardship-in-children) — A fellowship approach to antimicrobial pharmacology, selection, dosing and stewardship in children covering developmental pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic killing patterns, empiri (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Approach to fever by age and immune status](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/approach-to-fever-by-age-and-immune-status) — An age- and immune-status-aware fellowship approach to the febrile child: clear the threat gate first, stratify by age band with validated rules (Step-by-Step, PECARN) for young in (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Bacteraemia and occult bloodstream infection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/bacteraemia-and-occult-bloodstream-infection) — An age-, appearance- and immunity-aware fellowship approach to bacteraemia and occult bloodstream infection in children: how viable bacteria in the blood present from the febrile y (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Brain abscess and intracranial suppuration](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/brain-abscess-and-intracranial-suppuration) — Fellowship guide to brain abscess and intracranial suppuration in children: the febrile child with evolving focal neurology, the cyanotic-heart-disease and sinus-otitis sources, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Cellulitis, abscess and necrotising soft-tissue infection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/cellulitis-abscess-and-necrotising-soft-tissue-infection) — Fellowship guide to paediatric cellulitis, cutaneous abscess, and necrotising soft-tissue infection: distinguishing non-purulent from purulent and necrotising disease, age- and MRS (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Common viral exanthems, including roseola and erythema infectiosum](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/common-viral-exanthems-including-roseola-and-erythema-infectiosum) — Fellowship topic on the common benign viral exanthems of childhood, with roseola infantum (human herpesvirus 6 and 7) and erythema infectiosum (parvovirus B19) as the flagship enti (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital syphilis and perinatal sexually transmitted infections](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/congenital-syphilis-and-perinatal-sexually-transmitted-infections) — Fellowship topic on congenital syphilis and the perinatal sexually transmitted infections: the spirochaete Treponema pallidum crossing the placenta in untreated or inadequately tre (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/covid-19-and-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children) — Fellowship guide to COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C/PIMS-TS): the delayed post-SARS-CoV-2 hyperinflammatory phenotype, recognition of the toxic fe (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Dengue and other arboviral infections](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/dengue-and-other-arboviral-infections) — Fellowship guide to dengue and other paediatric arboviral infections: Aedes-borne dengue, Zika and chikungunya; the WHO 2009 classification and warning signs; the reversible capill (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Device-associated and healthcare-associated infection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/device-associated-and-healthcare-associated-infection) — A fellowship approach to device-associated and healthcare-associated infection in children, covering NHSN surveillance definitions (CLABSI, CAUTI, ventilator-associated events), Cl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Enteric fever and invasive bacterial enteritis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/enteric-fever-and-invasive-bacterial-enteritis) — A fellowship approach to enteric fever (Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi) and invasive bacterial enteritis (Shigella, Campylobacter, invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella, Shiga-toxin pr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/epstein-barr-virus-and-cytomegalovirus-infection) — Fellowship topic on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in children: EBV as a gamma-herpesvirus transmitted by saliva that infects B cells via the CD21 rec (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Fever in the returned traveller](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/fever-in-the-returned-traveller) — Fellowship topic on the febrile child who has returned from overseas travel: the time-critical imperative to exclude falciparum malaria with a same-day blood film; the use of incub (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Fungal infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/fungal-infections-in-immunocompetent-and-immunocompromised-children) — Fellowship topic on fungal infections in children: the medically important fungi as yeasts (Candida, Cryptococcus, Malassezia), moulds (Aspergillus, Mucorales, dermatophytes), dimo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hand-foot-and-mouth disease and enterovirus infection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-and-enterovirus-infection) — Fellowship topic on hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and enterovirus infection in children: the causative enteroviruses (coxsackievirus A16, enterovirus 71 and the atypical coxsa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hepatitis A, B, C and E in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/hepatitis-a-b-c-and-e-in-children) — Fellowship topic on the four hepatotropic viruses in children — hepatitis A, B, C and E — grouped by transmission route and chronicity. Hepatitis A and E are enteric, faecal-oral, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Herpes simplex infection in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/herpes-simplex-infection-in-children) — Fellowship topic on herpes simplex virus infection in children: HSV-1 and HSV-2 as neurotropic herpesviruses that establish lifelong latency in sensory ganglia; the disease spectru (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [HIV exposure and infection in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/hiv-exposure-and-infection-in-children) — Fellowship topic on HIV exposure and infection in children: mother-to-child transmission in utero, intrapartum and through breastfeeding and how combination ART compresses each; th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Infection prevention, isolation and outbreak management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/infection-prevention-isolation-and-outbreak-management) — Fellowship topic on infection prevention, isolation and outbreak management in the paediatric healthcare setting: the chain of infection and where every IPC measure breaks it; stan (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Infections in immunocompromised children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/infections-in-immunocompromised-children) — A fellowship-depth approach to infections in immunocompromised children: classify the immune-defect type and its signature organisms, understand why fever and signs are blunted, ru (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Influenza and antiviral treatment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/influenza-and-antiviral-treatment) — Fellowship topic on influenza and antiviral treatment in children: the influenza A and B viruses and their seasonal epidemiology; abrupt febrile presentation and the atypical infan (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [International adoption, immigration and refugee infection screening](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/international-adoption-immigration-and-refugee-infection-screening) — Fellowship topic on the comprehensive infection screen for the three populations of migrant children — internationally adopted, immigrant, and refugee or asylum-seeking — anchored (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Malaria in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/malaria-in-children) — Fellowship guide to malaria in children: Plasmodium species and severe falciparum disease, the cyclical fever and pathophysiology of cytoadherence and sequestration, the time-criti (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Measles, rubella and congenital rubella](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/measles-rubella-and-congenital-rubella) — Fellowship topic on measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome: the morbillivirus and rubivirus organisms and their lymphotropic and teratogenic mechanisms; the classic measl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Meningitis and encephalitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/meningitis-and-encephalitis) — Fellowship guide to paediatric meningitis and encephalitis: bacterial versus viral patterns, age-specific pathogens, the time-critical assessment of the febrile child with headache (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Mumps](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/mumps) — Fellowship topic on mumps in children: the mumps virus (a paramyxovirus) and its tropism for glandular and neural tissue that produces the hallmark parotitis and the complications (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Paediatric sepsis: diagnosis, antimicrobial treatment and source control](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/paediatric-sepsis-diagnosis-antimicrobial-treatment-and-source-control) — A fellowship approach to paediatric sepsis covering Phoenix-criteria diagnosis, the first-hour recognition-to-resuscitation bundle, empiric and de-escalated antimicrobial therapy, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Parasitic infections in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/parasitic-infections-in-children) — Fellowship topic on parasitic infections in children: the broad landscape of protozoa (Giardia), soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris, hookworm, Strongyloides), schistosomiasis, tox (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Pertussis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/pertussis) — Fellowship topic on pertussis (whooping cough) in children: the Bordetella pertussis organism and its toxin-mediated, ciliary-paralysing pathophysiology; the classic catarrhal-paro (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Prolonged, recurrent and periodic fever](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/prolonged-recurrent-and-periodic-fever) — Fellowship guide to the child with prolonged, recurrent or periodic fever: separate the three patterns, build the differential for each, run a staged fever-of-unknown-origin workup (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/staphylococcal-scalded-skin-syndrome) — Fellowship guide to staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: the toxin-mediated blistering disorder of infants and young children produced when phage-group-II Staphylococcus aureus re (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Travel medicine and pre-travel advice for children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/travel-medicine-and-pre-travel-advice-for-children) — Fellowship topic on the pre-travel consultation for children: the ask-assess-advise frame anchored on a structured risk assessment that weighs destination burden, the type and dura (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Tuberculosis in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis-in-children) — A fellowship approach to tuberculosis in children: the exposure → TB infection → TB disease spectrum; the age-and-immunity pathophysiology that makes infants and immunocompromised (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Undifferentiated fever and fever without a source in infants and children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/undifferentiated-fever-and-fever-without-a-source-in-infants-and-children) — A fellowship-level approach to the infant or child with fever and no localising clinical source. Covers the precise definition of fever, age-stratified risk (neonate through older (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/urinary-tract-infection-and-pyelonephritis) — Fellowship guide to paediatric urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis: the febrile infant as the great trap, reliable urine sampling by age, urinalysis and culture interpretati (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Vaccine-preventable disease outbreak response](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/vaccine-preventable-disease-outbreak-response) — Fellowship topic on the systematic response to a vaccine-preventable disease outbreak in children: how the basic reproduction number sets the herd-immunity threshold and why measle (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Varicella and herpes zoster](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/varicella-and-herpes-zoster) — Fellowship topic on varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles) in children: the varicella-zoster virus and its neurotropic latency-and-reactivation biology; primary varice (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Viral upper respiratory tract infection and the common cold](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/infectious-diseases/viral-upper-respiratory-tract-infection-and-the-common-cold) — Fellowship guide to viral upper respiratory tract infection and the common cold in children. Covers the viral aetiology and seasonal patterns, the pathophysiology of acute mucosal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### investigations-procedures-and-technology - [Abdominal radiograph and acute imaging decisions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/abdominal-radiograph-and-acute-imaging-decisions) — Fellowship guide to the abdominal radiograph and the acute paediatric imaging decision. Covers when an abdominal radiograph answers the question (suspected perforation, obstruction (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Abscess drainage and minor procedures](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/abscess-drainage-and-minor-procedures) — Fellowship guide to abscess drainage and minor surgical procedures in children. Covers the bedside decision between a drainable cutaneous abscess, cellulitis and a necrotising soft (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Airway suction, oxygen devices and nebuliser technique](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/airway-suction-oxygen-devices-and-nebuliser-technique) — Fellowship guide to three linked bedside skills: clearing a child's airway by suction, choosing and applying the right oxygen delivery device to a target saturation, and setting up (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Artificial intelligence and clinical decision support in paediatrics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/artificial-intelligence-and-clinical-decision-support-in-paediatrics) — A fellowship approach to artificial intelligence (AI) and clinical decision support (CDS) in paediatrics. Sort the tools into four classes — prediction and early warning (deteriora (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Audiology and hearing-test interpretation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/audiology-and-hearing-test-interpretation) — Fellowship guide to paediatric hearing-test interpretation. Covers reading the pure-tone audiogram (axes, symbols, air versus bone conduction, the air-bone gap, the pure-tone avera (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Bag-mask ventilation and basic airway adjuncts](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/bag-mask-ventilation-and-basic-airway-adjuncts) — Fellowship guide to the two skills that stand between a hypoxic child and a cardiac arrest: ventilating through a face mask, and holding a blocked airway open with an adjunct. Cove (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Blood gas, electrolyte and acid-base interpretation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/blood-gas-electrolyte-and-acid-base-interpretation) — A fellowship approach to blood gas, electrolyte and acid-base interpretation in children covering the five-step systematic method (pH, PaCO2, HCO3, compensation, anion gap), the no (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Bone-marrow aspiration and biopsy principles](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/bone-marrow-aspiration-and-biopsy-principles) — A fellowship approach to bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in children covering the principle that aspirate and trephine are two complementary samples taken at one sitting (the asp (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Central venous and arterial access in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/central-venous-and-arterial-access-in-children) — A fellowship approach to central venous and arterial access in children: choose the site by indication and bleeding risk, use ultrasound to identify the target vessel and its compa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chest decompression and intercostal drain insertion](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/chest-decompression-and-intercostal-drain-insertion) — A fellowship approach to chest decompression and intercostal drain insertion in children covering tension pneumothorax as a clinical diagnosis requiring immediate needle decompress (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chest radiograph interpretation in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/chest-radiograph-interpretation-in-children) — Fellowship guide to interpreting the paediatric chest radiograph. Covers why the child's chest film differs from the adult's — the thymus that reshapes the mediastinum, the cartila (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Defibrillation, cardioversion and transcutaneous pacing](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/defibrillation-cardioversion-and-transcutaneous-pacing) — A fellowship approach to delivering an electric shock or an external pacing stimulus to a child's heart, covering the critical distinction between unsynchronised defibrillation for (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Developmental, cognitive and behavioural assessment tools](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/developmental-cognitive-and-behavioural-assessment-tools) — A fellowship approach to the developmental, cognitive and behavioural assessment tools used across childhood, built on the single principle that surveillance, screening and diagnos (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Echocardiography fundamentals for general paediatricians](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/echocardiography-fundamentals-for-general-paediatricians) — Fellowship guide to echocardiography fundamentals for the general paediatrician. Covers what each echo modality shows (two-dimensional anatomy, M-mode dimensions, colour and spectr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Electrocardiogram acquisition and interpretation in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/electrocardiogram-acquisition-and-interpretation-in-children) — Fellowship guide to electrocardiogram acquisition and interpretation in children. Covers the technical principles of 12-lead acquisition and electrode placement in an uncooperative (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Endotracheal intubation and emergency airway equipment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/endotracheal-intubation-and-emergency-airway-equipment) — A fellowship approach to endotracheal intubation and emergency airway equipment in children covering the indication (respiratory failure, loss of airway reflexes, severe shock, car (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Gastrostomy, tracheostomy and central-line troubleshooting](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/gastrostomy-tracheostomy-and-central-line-troubleshooting) — A fellowship approach to troubleshooting the three devices a technology-dependent child lives with — the gastrostomy, the tracheostomy and the central venous catheter. Recognise an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Genetic and metabolic test selection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/genetic-and-metabolic-test-selection) — Fellowship guide to choosing the right genetic and metabolic test in a child, owned from the requester's side of the form rather than the laboratory's side of the bench. Covers the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Intraosseous access](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/intraosseous-access) — A fellowship approach to intraosseous access in children covering the indication (failed intravenous access within 60 to 90 seconds in shock, arrest or status epilepticus), why the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Joint aspiration](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/joint-aspiration) — Fellowship guide to joint aspiration (arthrocentesis) in infants and children. Covers the indications, the single biggest question of septic arthritis versus transient synovitis, t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lumbar puncture in infants and children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/lumbar-puncture-in-infants-and-children) — Fellowship guide to lumbar puncture in infants and children. Covers the indications, the absolute contraindications of raised intracranial pressure, coagulopathy, overlying skin in (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Medical devices, digital health and remote monitoring](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/medical-devices-digital-health-and-remote-monitoring) — A fellowship approach to selecting, deploying and remotely interpreting paediatric medical devices, wearables and digital-health tools. Sort devices into four classes — implantable (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Nasogastric tube insertion and verification](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/nasogastric-tube-insertion-and-verification) — Fellowship guide to inserting and verifying a nasogastric (NG) tube in a child of any age, from the preterm neonate to the adolescent. Covers selecting the tube size by age, measur (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Neuroimaging selection and radiation-aware practice](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/neuroimaging-selection-and-radiation-aware-practice) — Fellowship guide to choosing between CT, MRI, cranial ultrasound and skull radiograph in infants and children, and to the radiation-aware principles that govern that choice. Covers (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Paediatric ultrasound and point-of-care ultrasound](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/paediatric-ultrasound-and-point-of-care-ultrasound) — A fellowship approach to paediatric ultrasound and point-of-care ultrasound covering probe selection and the frequency-to-depth trade-off, the lung ultrasound artefact repertoire ( (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Paediatric venepuncture and peripheral intravenous access](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/paediatric-venepuncture-and-peripheral-intravenous-access) — A fellowship approach to paediatric venepuncture and peripheral intravenous access: choose a site by age (dorsal hand veins first, then antecubital fossa, forearm and great sapheno (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Point-of-care glucose, ketone and urinalysis testing](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/point-of-care-glucose-ketone-and-urinalysis-testing) — Fellowship guide to the three core paediatric point-of-care tests. Covers the capillary blood glucose meter and its known inaccuracy in the neonate from the high haematocrit and th (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Procedural consent, preparation and child-life support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/procedural-consent-preparation-and-child-life-support) — Fellowship-level approach to what wraps around every paediatric procedure: valid informed consent and parental permission, the Appelbaum capacity framework, the AAP four-element as (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Procedural pain: topical anaesthesia, preparation, distraction and non-pharmacological support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/procedural-pain-topical-anaesthesia-preparation-distraction-and-non-pharmacological-support) — Fellowship guide to managing procedural pain in infants and children with a multi-modal comfort bundle. Covers why untreated procedural pain is harmful and ethical fail, the four l (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Radiation protection and imaging stewardship](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/radiation-protection-and-imaging-stewardship) — Fellowship guide to radiation protection and imaging stewardship in children — the discipline of getting the right image, at the right time, with the lowest radiation, and only whe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Safe paediatric procedural sedation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/safe-paediatric-procedural-sedation) — A fellowship approach to procedural sedation and analgesia in children, covering the continuum of sedation depth from minimal through moderate and deep sedation to general anaesthe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Simple laceration repair and wound management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/simple-laceration-repair-and-wound-management) — A fellowship approach to simple laceration repair and wound management in children covering wound assessment (mechanism, depth, contamination, neurovascular and tendon status, teta (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Suprapubic aspiration and urinary catheterisation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/suprapubic-aspiration-and-urinary-catheterisation) — Fellowship guide to suprapubic aspiration and urethral catheterisation in infants and children. Covers the four urine collection methods and their contamination rates, the anatomic (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Umbilical venous and arterial catheterisation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/investigations-procedures-and-technology/umbilical-venous-and-arterial-catheterisation) — A fellowship approach to umbilical venous and arterial catheterisation in newborns covering the two vessel types and their courses, the high and low umbilical arterial catheter pos (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic - [Acute behavioural disturbance and agitation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/acute-behavioural-disturbance-and-agitation) — A fellowship approach to the acutely behaviourally disturbed or agitated child and adolescent: secure the environment and call help early, apply verbal de-escalation as first-line (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/anxiety-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents) — Fellowship guide to anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: distinguish the seven DSM-5-TR disorders from normal developmental fear, assess multi-informant with SCARED/SCAS/ (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Attachment disorders and relational trauma](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/attachment-disorders-and-relational-trauma) — Fellowship guide to reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) and the wider relational-trauma picture in children: the two-disorder DSM- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/avoidant-restrictive-food-intake-disorder) — Fellowship approach to avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID): a DSM-5-TR/ICD-11 eating disorder of restriction that harms nutrition, growth or function without weight/s (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Child and adolescent suicide and self-harm assessment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/child-and-adolescent-suicide-and-self-harm-assessment) — A fellowship approach to assessing suicide risk and self-harm in children and adolescents: distinguishing non-suicidal self-injury from suicidal self-harm; structured risk stratifi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Children of parents with mental illness or substance use](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/children-of-parents-with-mental-illness-or-substance-use) — Fellowship guide to the child of a parent with mental illness or substance use: a heightened but probabilistic — never deterministic — risk-and-need picture driven by gene-environm (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Chronic fatigue and post-viral fatigue syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/chronic-fatigue-and-post-viral-fatigue-syndromes) — A fellowship approach to chronic fatigue and post-viral fatigue in children and adolescents: separating post-viral fatigue from CFS/ME, recognising post-exertional malaise as the h (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Collaborative care with child and adolescent mental-health services](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/collaborative-care-with-child-and-adolescent-mental-health-services) — Fellowship guide to collaborative care between the paediatrician and child and adolescent mental-health services (CAMHS): the four models of integration (referral, consultation-lia (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Conduct disorder and antisocial behaviour](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/conduct-disorder-and-antisocial-behaviour) — Fellowship guide to conduct disorder and antisocial behaviour in children: the rights-violation definition, the Moffitt developmental taxonomy, the callous-unemotional specifier, t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Delirium in children and adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/delirium-in-children-and-adolescents) — Fellowship guide to delirium in children and adolescents: DSM-5-TR criteria-based clinical diagnosis, motoric subtypes (hyperactive, hypoactive, mixed), CAPD and pCAM-ICU screening (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Depressive disorders in children and adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/depressive-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents) — Fellowship guide to depressive disorders in children and adolescents: criteria-based clinical diagnosis, irritability-and-school-failure presentation, suicide-risk assessment, step (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder) — Fellowship guide to disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD): a DSM-5-TR diagnosis of severe, recurrent temper outbursts against a background of chronic, non-episodic irritabi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Early-onset psychosis and mania](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/early-onset-psychosis-and-mania) — A fellowship approach to the child or adolescent presenting with psychotic or manic symptoms: recognising the gate, telling psychosis from mania and from mimics, excluding organic (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Emergency mental-health assessment and disposition](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/emergency-mental-health-assessment-and-disposition) — A fellowship approach to the child or young person who presents to the emergency department in a mental-health crisis: perform a rapid safety and medical screen at the door, run a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Family assessment and family interventions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/family-assessment-and-family-interventions) — Fellowship guide to systematic family assessment and evidence-based family interventions in paediatrics: the three-generation genogram plus validated family-functioning measures an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Functional neurological symptoms in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/functional-neurological-symptoms-in-children) — Fellowship guide to functional neurological symptoms in children and adolescents: positive diagnosis from internally inconsistent signs, the biopsychosocial 3-Ps formulation, red f (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Grief, bereavement and adjustment disorder in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/grief-bereavement-and-adjustment-disorder-in-children) — Fellowship guide to grief, bereavement and adjustment disorder in children: separating normal grief from prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and from adjustment disorder using the DSM-5 (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Mental state examination in children and adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/mental-state-examination-in-children-and-adolescents) — A fellowship approach to performing and documenting a mental state examination on a child or adolescent: setting the conditions, observing each of the seven domains, adapting the m (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-in-children) — Fellowship guide to paediatric OCD: recognising the hidden obsession–compulsion cycle, multi-informant clinical diagnosis with CY-BOCS, differentials including autism, tics and anx (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Pica and rumination disorder](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/pica-and-rumination-disorder) — An age-aware fellowship approach to pica and rumination disorder: distinguish them from normal mouthing, culturally sanctioned practices and true vomiting; run a harm gate for lead (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma responses](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-and-trauma-responses) — Fellowship guide to post-traumatic stress disorder and the wider trauma-response spectrum in children and adolescents: the reaction-to-disorder continuum, DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 struc (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Psychological impact of chronic illness and disability](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/psychological-impact-of-chronic-illness-and-disability) — A fellowship approach to the psychological impact of chronic illness and disability in children and adolescents: a biopsychosocial, resilience-oriented model in which most children (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Psychopharmacology and psychotropic medicines in children and adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/psychopharmacology-and-psychotropic-medicines-in-children-and-adolescents) — Fellowship guide to psychopharmacology in children and adolescents: developmental pharmacokinetics, the major drug classes (stimulants, non-stimulants, SSRIs, antipsychotics, mood (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Selective mutism](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/selective-mutism) — Fellowship guide to selective mutism: recognising the child who speaks at home but freezes silent at school, the anxiety-driven freeze (not defiance), DSM-5-TR diagnosis from multi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Somatic symptom and related disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders) — A fellowship approach to somatic symptom and related disorders (DSM-5) in children and adolescents: a validating, biopsychosocial, function-first model. Recognise the disorder on p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Substance intoxication, withdrawal and use disorders in youth](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic/substance-intoxication-withdrawal-and-use-disorders-in-youth) — Fellowship guide to substance intoxication, withdrawal and use disorders in youth: separating the acute (intoxication, withdrawal) from the clinical diagnosis (DSM-5 use disorder), (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes - [Acid-base disorders in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/acid-base-disorders-in-children) — Fellowship guide to acid-base disorders in children: a systematic six-step approach to any blood gas, the anion gap and its albumin correction, Winters formula for the expected pCO (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute kidney injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/acute-kidney-injury) — Fellowship guide to paediatric acute kidney injury: the KDIGO definition and three-stage classification using creatinine and urine output criteria, the pre-renal, intrinsic and pos (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute nephritic syndrome and glomerulonephritis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/acute-nephritic-syndrome-and-glomerulonephritis) — Fellowship guide to the acute nephritic syndrome in children: the tetrad of haematuria, proteinuria, oedema and hypertension driven by glomerular inflammation, the serum-complement (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Antenatal hydronephrosis and postnatal evaluation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/antenatal-hydronephrosis-and-postnatal-evaluation) — Fellowship guide to antenatal hydronephrosis and postnatal evaluation. Covers the definition and the Society for Fetal Urology grading system and the Urinary Tract Dilation classif (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Calcium, magnesium and phosphate disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/calcium-magnesium-and-phosphate-disorders) — Fellowship guide to disorders of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in children: corrected calcium and ionised fractions, neonatal early and late hypocalcaemia, hypoparathyroidism an (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic kidney disease and progression](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/chronic-kidney-disease-and-progression) — Fellowship guide to chronic kidney disease and its progression in children: the KDIGO definition (kidney abnormalities or low GFR for over three months), the GFR G1 to G5 and album (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/congenital-anomalies-of-the-kidney-and-urinary-tract) — Fellowship guide to congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, the CAKUT spectrum that accounts for the largest single cause of paediatric end-stage kidney disease. Cove (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Dehydration and oral or intravenous rehydration](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/dehydration-and-oral-or-intravenous-rehydration) — Fellowship guide to paediatric dehydration and rehydration: the clinical dehydration scale and the WHO and percentage-weight-loss severity bands, the assessment of volume status at (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Fluid maintenance and deficit replacement](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/fluid-maintenance-and-deficit-replacement) — Fellowship guide to prescribing fluids in children: the Holliday-Segar 100/50/20 mL/kg/day rule (the 4/2/1 hourly form) for maintenance water, the 2 to 3 mmol/kg/day sodium and 1 t (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Haematuria: diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/haematuria-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship guide to the diagnostic approach to haematuria in children, built around the glomerular versus non-glomerular fork. The page works from confirming that red or brown urin (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Haemolytic uraemic syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/haemolytic-uraemic-syndrome) — Fellowship guide to paediatric haemolytic uraemic syndrome: the defining triad of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury; the distinction be (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/hypokalaemia-and-hyperkalaemia) — Fellowship guide to potassium disorders in children: hypokalaemia as a serum potassium below 3.5 and hyperkalaemia as above 5.5 mmol/L, the three-axis classification of intake, tra (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/hyponatraemia-and-hypernatraemia) — Fellowship guide to sodium and water disorders in children: hyponatraemia as a serum sodium below 135 and hypernatraemia as above 145 mmol/L, the volume-status classification of hy (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hypospadias, cryptorchidism and common male genital disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/hypospadias-cryptorchidism-and-common-male-genital-disorders) — Fellowship guide to hypospadias, cryptorchidism and the common male genital disorders of childhood. Covers the ectopic ventral urethral meatus and the hooded prepuce of hypospadias (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis nephritis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/iga-nephropathy-and-iga-vasculitis-nephritis) — Fellowship guide to IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis nephritis: the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, defined by dominant mesangial IgA deposition and classified (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Inherited tubulopathies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/inherited-tubulopathies) — Fellowship guide to the four archetypal inherited tubulopathies of childhood: Bartter syndrome (thick ascending limb, hypercalciuria, antenatal polyhydramnios), Gitelman syndrome ( (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Kidney replacement therapy and dialysis in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/kidney-replacement-therapy-and-dialysis-in-children) — Fellowship guide to kidney replacement therapy in children: the four modalities of peritoneal dialysis, haemodialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy, and kidney transplantat (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Kidney transplantation in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/kidney-transplantation-in-children) — Fellowship guide to paediatric kidney transplantation: why a transplanted kidney is the treatment of choice over lifelong dialysis for a child with end-stage kidney disease; the li (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Lupus nephritis and systemic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/lupus-nephritis-and-systemic-disease) — Fellowship guide to paediatric lupus nephritis: the six-class ISN/RPS 2003 classification (I minimal mesangial through VI advanced sclerosing), why Class IV diffuse proliferative d (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/nephrolithiasis-and-nephrocalcinosis) — Fellowship guide to paediatric nephrolithiasis (stones in the collecting system) and nephrocalcinosis (calcium deposits in the renal parenchyma), the rising incidence of childhood (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Neurogenic bladder and dysfunctional voiding](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/neurogenic-bladder-and-dysfunctional-voiding) — Fellowship guide to the neurogenic bladder and the dysfunctional voiding spectrum in children. Covers the neurological control of micturition and how a cord lesion such as spina bi (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Nocturnal enuresis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/nocturnal-enuresis) — Fellowship guide to nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) in children: the International Children's Continence Society definition of involuntary voiding during sleep from age five, the s (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oedema and nephrotic syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/oedema-and-nephrotic-syndrome) — Fellowship guide to oedema and nephrotic syndrome in children: the KDIGO 2021 definition built on oedema, nephrotic-range proteinuria and hypoalbuminaemia, the rule that minimal ch (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oliguria, anuria and urinary obstruction](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/oliguria-anuria-and-urinary-obstruction) — Fellowship guide to oliguria, anuria and urinary obstruction in children: the urine output thresholds that define oliguria and anuria, the pre-renal, renal and post-renal framework (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Polycystic kidney disease and inherited nephropathies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/polycystic-kidney-disease-and-inherited-nephropathies) — Fellowship guide to polycystic kidney disease and inherited nephropathies in children: the neonatal-onset ARPKD driven by PKHD1 and fibrocystin with bilateral enlarged echogenic ki (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Polyuria and polydipsia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/polyuria-and-polydipsia) — Fellowship guide to the diagnostic approach to a child with polyuria and polydipsia, beginning with a blood glucose to exclude osmotic diuresis from diabetes mellitus, then a urine (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Post-infectious glomerulonephritis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/post-infectious-glomerulonephritis) — Fellowship guide to post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PSGN): the classic acute nephritic syndrome that follows group A streptococcal pharyngitis by one to three weeks or skin inf (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Posterior urethral valves](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/posterior-urethral-valves) — Fellowship guide to posterior urethral valves, the most common cause of lower urinary tract obstruction in male infants. Covers the Young classification of valve leaflets in the ma (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Proteinuria: diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/proteinuria-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship guide to the diagnostic approach to proteinuria in children and adolescents. The page frames the central rule that protects the child: confirm proteinuria on two to thre (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Renal tubular acidosis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/renal-tubular-acidosis) — Fellowship guide to renal tubular acidosis in children: a normal anion gap (hyperchloraemic) metabolic acidosis from impaired renal acid-base handling, classified into distal (type (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Scrotal pain and testicular torsion](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/scrotal-pain-and-testicular-torsion) — Fellowship guide to scrotal pain and testicular torsion in boys. Covers the bell-clapper deformity and intravaginal torsion, the 6-hour salvage window, the TWIST score for the acut (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Urinalysis, renal function and paediatric kidney assessment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/urinalysis-renal-function-and-paediatric-kidney-assessment) — A fellowship approach to paediatric kidney assessment at the bedside: how to collect and interpret urine, read the dipstick and microscopy, estimate glomerular filtration rate with (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Vesicoureteric reflux](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/vesicoureteric-reflux) — Fellowship guide to vesicoureteric reflux, the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract that is the most common urological abnormality in children. Co (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Vulvovaginal and common prepubertal gynaecological disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes/vulvovaginal-and-common-prepubertal-gynaecological-disorders) — Fellowship guide to the three common prepubertal gynaecological disorders: vulvovaginitis, labial adhesions, and lichen sclerosus. Covers the hypo-oestrogenic prepubertal vulval en (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) ### neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular - [Absence, focal and generalised epilepsies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/absence-focal-and-generalised-epilepsies) — A fellowship approach to absence, focal and generalised epilepsies: the child with staring spells whose EEG shows three-per-second spike-and-wave, the teenager whose morning jerks (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and demyelinating disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis-and-demyelinating-disease) — A fellowship approach to the child with a first central nervous system demyelinating event. Recognise acute disseminated encephalomyelitis by the mandatory encephalopathy that sepa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Acute neuromuscular respiratory failure](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/acute-neuromuscular-respiratory-failure) — Fellowship guide to acute neuromuscular respiratory failure in children. Covers the respiratory pump from brainstem to diaphragm and bulbar muscles, the two mechanisms of failure, (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Antiseizure medicines: selection, adverse effects and monitoring](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/antiseizure-medicines-selection-adverse-effects-and-monitoring) — A fellowship approach to antiseizure medicines in children: selecting the syndrome-matched first-choice drug, anticipating and monitoring the adverse effects that determine whether (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ataxia in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/ataxia-in-children) — Fellowship guide to ataxia in children: separating the common, benign post-infectious acute cerebellar ataxia from the dangerous posterior fossa tumour and the progressive heredita (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Autoimmune encephalitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/autoimmune-encephalitis) — Fellowship guide to autoimmune encephalitis in children. Covers the Graus 2016 diagnostic tiers of possible, probable, and definite disease with the specific anti-NMDA receptor cri (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Brain death, death by neurological criteria and organ donation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/brain-death-death-by-neurological-criteria-and-organ-donation) — Fellowship guide to brain death, death by neurological criteria and organ donation in children. Covers the irreversible cessation of all function of the entire brain including the (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cerebral vascular malformations](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/cerebral-vascular-malformations) — Fellowship guide to cerebral vascular malformations in children. Covers the classification into high-flow arteriovenous malformation, vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation, low-flo (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Concussion and mild traumatic brain injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/concussion-and-mild-traumatic-brain-injury) — Fellowship guide to concussion and mild traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents. Covers the consensus definition of concussion as a traumatically induced functional brai (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital myopathies and muscular dystrophies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/congenital-myopathies-and-muscular-dystrophies) — Fellowship guide to congenital myopathies and muscular dystrophies in children. Covers the division into the dystrophic congenital muscular dystrophies and the structurally disorde (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Developmental regression and neurodegeneration](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/developmental-regression-and-neurodegeneration) — A fellowship approach to the child who loses previously acquired developmental milestones. Recognise regression as a red flag, distinguish true progressive neurodegeneration from p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/duchenne-and-becker-muscular-dystrophy) — Fellowship guide to Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. Covers the X-linked recessive dystrophinopathies from the loss of dystrophin and the reading-frame hypothesis, through t (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Epilepsy syndromes by age](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/epilepsy-syndromes-by-age) — Fellowship guide to the paediatric epilepsy syndromes organised along the developmental timeline, built on the ILAE 2022 Task Force nosology. The page teaches how a syndrome — the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Febrile seizures](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/febrile-seizures) — Fellowship guide to febrile seizures: the age-locked definition (6 months to 5 years with fever, no CNS infection, no prior afebrile seizure), the simple-versus-complex split that (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [First seizure and seizure mimics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/first-seizure-and-seizure-mimics) — Fellowship guide to the child who presents after a possible first seizure: the first question is not what caused it but whether it was a seizure at all, because syncope, breath-hol (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute flaccid paralysis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/guillain-barr-syndrome-and-acute-flaccid-paralysis) — Fellowship guide to Guillain-Barre syndrome and acute flaccid paralysis in children. Covers the Brighton and Asbury Cornblath diagnostic criteria with the albuminocytological disso (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Headache and migraine in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/headache-and-migraine-in-children) — Fellowship guide to headache and migraine in children: the ICHD-3 criteria that separate migraine from tension-type headache, the primary-versus-secondary decision driven by the SN (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hydrocephalus and shunt emergencies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/hydrocephalus-and-shunt-emergencies) — Fellowship guide to paediatric hydrocephalus and shunt emergencies. Covers the Rekate functional classification of hydrocephalus by the site of cerebrospinal fluid obstruction and (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/hypoxic-ischaemic-brain-injury) — Fellowship guide to hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury in the infant and child beyond the neonatal period. Covers the primary versus secondary injury split, the causes from drowning an (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Infantile spasms and developmental epileptic encephalopathy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/infantile-spasms-and-developmental-epileptic-encephalopathy) — A fellowship approach to infantile spasms (West syndrome) and the developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: recognise the triad of clustered epileptic spasms, hypsarrhythmia an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/moderate-and-severe-traumatic-brain-injury) — Fellowship guide to moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in children. Covers the Glasgow Coma Scale severity bands of mild 13 to 15, moderate 9 to 12, and severe 3 to 8 with (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Movement disorders, dystonia and chorea](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/movement-disorders-dystonia-and-chorea) — Fellowship guide to paediatric movement disorders. Defines the hyperkinetic movements of chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, tics and tremor against the hypokinetic pole of parkinsonism, (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Myasthenia gravis and neuromuscular junction disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/myasthenia-gravis-and-neuromuscular-junction-disorders) — Fellowship guide to myasthenia gravis and the neuromuscular junction disorders of childhood. Covers the fatigable, fluctuating weakness of autoimmune myasthenia gravis with the ace (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neural tube defects and spinal dysraphism](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/neural-tube-defects-and-spinal-dysraphism) — Fellowship guide to paediatric neural tube defects and spinal dysraphism. Covers the open and closed spectrum from anencephaly and myelomeningocele to spina bifida occulta and the (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurodegenerative and leukodystrophy disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/neurodegenerative-and-leukodystrophy-disorders) — A fellowship approach to the child with an inherited neurodegenerative white-matter disorder. Read the brain MRI pattern - the symmetric confluent change of metachromatic leukodyst (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurogenetic conditions and precision diagnosis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/neurogenetic-conditions-and-precision-diagnosis) — Fellowship guide to precision diagnosis in paediatric neurogenetic disease. Covers the diagnostic odyssey and why tiered genomic testing ends it, the test ladder from chromosomal m (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurological examination across childhood](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/neurological-examination-across-childhood) — A fellowship approach to the neurological examination from the newborn to the adolescent: hold a single constant framework — mental state, cranial nerves, motor, sensory, cerebella (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurorehabilitation and acquired brain injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/neurorehabilitation-and-acquired-brain-injury) — Fellowship guide to neurorehabilitation after acquired brain injury in children. Covers the definition of acquired brain injury as brain damage sustained after a period of normal d (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Non-epileptic events and functional seizures](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/non-epileptic-events-and-functional-seizures) — Fellowship guide to the child or adolescent whose episodes look like epilepsy but are not: non-epileptic events, and within them the high-stakes entity of functional (dissociative) (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paediatric stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/paediatric-stroke-and-cerebral-sinovenous-thrombosis) — Fellowship guide to paediatric stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. Covers the classification of childhood cerebrovascular disease into arterial ischaemic stroke, cerebral si (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pain, feeding and respiratory care in severe neurodisability](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/pain-feeding-and-respiratory-care-in-severe-neurodisability) — Fellowship guide to the three threats that dominate the life of a child with severe neurodisability: persistent pain, feeding failure, and respiratory compromise. Covers the popula (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Peripheral neuropathies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/peripheral-neuropathies) — Fellowship guide to peripheral neuropathies in children covering the inherited and acquired polyneuropathies. Details Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease subtypes CMT1A with PMP22 duplicat (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Secondary headache and raised intracranial pressure](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/secondary-headache-and-raised-intracranial-pressure) — Fellowship guide to the child whose headache may be secondary: the central task is not to diagnose the headache but to exclude a dangerous cause, using a red-flag screen that separ (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sleep disorders with neurological disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/sleep-disorders-with-neurological-disease) — Fellowship guide to sleep disorders with neurological disease: the four-cluster framework of dyssomnias, sleep-disordered breathing, parasomnias, and sleep-related movement disorde (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Spasticity, dystonia and tone management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/spasticity-dystonia-and-tone-management) — Fellowship guide to spasticity, dystonia and tone management in children, centred on cerebral palsy. Covers the Sanger classification of hypertonia into velocity-dependent spastici (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Spinal cord compression and transverse myelitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/spinal-cord-compression-and-transverse-myelitis) — A fellowship approach to the child with an acute or subacute spinal cord syndrome. The first act is to recognise that a new back pain with a neurological deficit is a cord emergenc (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Spinal muscular atrophy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/spinal-muscular-atrophy) — Fellowship guide to spinal muscular atrophy in children. Covers the autosomal recessive SMN1 deletion on chromosome 5q13 with the inverse relationship to SMN2 copy number and the e (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Status epilepticus](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/status-epilepticus) — Fellowship guide to status epilepticus in children. Covers the ILAE operational definition with the t1 and t2 time points, the classification into early, established, and refractor (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tics and Tourette syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/tics-and-tourette-syndrome) — Fellowship guide to tics and Tourette syndrome: the DSM-5 spectrum from provisional to persistent tic disorder to Tourette disorder, the defining phenomenology of premonitory urge (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Transition and advance care planning in neurodisability](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular/transition-and-advance-care-planning-in-neurodisability) — Fellowship guide to transition and advance care planning in young people with neurodisability. Covers the planned process of health care transition from paediatric to adult service (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### ophthalmology - [Colour vision deficiency and inherited retinal disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/colour-vision-deficiency-and-inherited-retinal-disease) — Fellowship guide to colour vision deficiency and inherited retinal disease in children. Covers the inherited and the congenital colour vision defects from the red-green dichromacy (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital cataract and glaucoma](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/congenital-cataract-and-glaucoma) — Fellowship topic on congenital cataract and glaucoma: why a lens opacity or a raised intraocular pressure in the first weeks of life is an emergency for the developing visual syste (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/congenital-nasolacrimal-duct-obstruction) — Fellowship topic on congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants: the failure of canalisation of the membranous valve of Hasner as the commonest cause of epiphora and sticky (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Conjunctivitis and red eye](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/conjunctivitis-and-red-eye) — Fellowship topic on conjunctivitis and the red eye in children: the bacterial, viral and allergic forms of conjunctivitis and ophthalmia neonatorum in the newborn; the adenoviral a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cortical visual impairment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/cortical-visual-impairment) — Fellowship topic on cortical visual impairment (CVI) in children — the leading cause of childhood visual impairment in high-income countries — covering the definition of decreased (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Leukocoria and retinoblastoma](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/leukocoria-and-retinoblastoma) — Fellowship guide to leukocoria and retinoblastoma in children. Covers the white pupillary reflex as the red-flag sign, the differential diagnosis of leukocoria from the retinoblast (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ocular trauma and chemical injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/ocular-trauma-and-chemical-injury) — Fellowship topic on paediatric ocular trauma and chemical injury: the two time-critical first-contact emergencies — chemical injury, irrigated first before examination, and suspect (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ophthalmia neonatorum](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/ophthalmia-neonatorum) — Fellowship topic on ophthalmia neonatorum — conjunctivitis arising in the first 28 days of life. Covers the chemical, gonococcal, chlamydial and herpes simplex causes with their on (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/ophthalmic-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Fellowship guide to the ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease in children. Covers the eye as the window to systemic disease, the sight-threatening uveitis of juvenile idiop (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paediatric eye examination and red-reflex assessment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/paediatric-eye-examination-and-red-reflex-assessment) — Foundation topic on the paediatric eye examination and red-reflex assessment: how to perform and interpret the red-reflex (Bruckner) test at the bedside in a dim room at about 30 t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Papilloedema and optic nerve disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/papilloedema-and-optic-nerve-disorders) — Fellowship guide to papilloedema and optic nerve disorders in children. Covers the swollen optic disc and the distinction of the true papilloedema from the pseudopapilloedema, the (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Preseptal and orbital cellulitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/preseptal-and-orbital-cellulitis) — Fellowship topic on preseptal and orbital cellulitis in children: the orbital septum as the dividing line between a mild preseptal infection and a sight-threatening postseptal one; (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Refractive error in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/refractive-error-in-children) — Fellowship topic on refractive error in children: the optical principle that refractive state is set by the balance between axial length and corneal and lenticular power, so that m (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Strabismus and ocular motility disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/strabismus-and-ocular-motility-disorders) — Fellowship topic on strabismus and ocular motility disorders in children: the definition of strabismus as a misalignment of the visual axes and the comitant-versus-incomitant fork (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Urgent ophthalmology referral and childhood vision loss](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/urgent-ophthalmology-referral-and-childhood-vision-loss) — Fellowship guide to urgent ophthalmology referral and childhood vision loss, framed as a red-flag triage topic. Covers why childhood vision loss is time-critical through the amblyo (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Uveitis in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/uveitis-in-children) — Fellowship topic on uveitis in children: the SUN anatomical classification of anterior, intermediate, posterior and panuveitis; the chronic silent anterior uveitis associated with (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Visual development, amblyopia and vision screening in childhood](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/ophthalmology/visual-development-amblyopia-and-vision-screening-in-childhood) — Fellowship guide to visual development, amblyopia and vision screening in childhood: the maturation of acuity from newborn 6/60 toward adult 6/6 across a sensitive period to about (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### paediatric-dermatology - [Acne vulgaris in adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/acne-vulgaris-in-adolescents) — A fellowship approach to acne vulgaris in the adolescent: the comedones and the papules and the pustules over the sebum-rich skin of the face and the upper back and the chest that (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Alopecia and hair disorders in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/alopecia-and-hair-disorders-in-children) — Fellowship guide to alopecia and hair disorders in children: the smooth non-scaly bald patch with exclamation-mark hairs of alopecia areata, an organ-specific autoimmune attack on (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Approach to rash in infants and children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/approach-to-rash-in-infants-and-children) — A morphology-first, distribution-aware and red-flag-driven fellowship approach to any rash from the neonate to the adolescent: classify the lesion, map the pattern, weigh age, feve (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital melanocytic naevi and pigmentary birthmarks](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/congenital-melanocytic-naevi-and-pigmentary-birthmarks) — A fellowship approach to the congenital pigmentary birthmarks, built around the single decision that matters: separating the common benign lesion — the dermal melanocytosis, the is (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Contact dermatitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/contact-dermatitis) — Fellowship guide to contact dermatitis in children: how to tell irritant from allergic disease at the bedside, the common culprits (nickel, fragrances, methylisothiazolinone, neomy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Drug eruptions including DRESS and AGEP](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/drug-eruptions-including-dress-and-agep) — Fellowship guide to drug eruptions in children: how to tell the common benign morbilliform rash from the three severe cutaneous adverse reactions (DRESS, AGEP and SJS-TEN) at the b (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Epidermolysis bullosa and inherited blistering disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/epidermolysis-bullosa-and-inherited-blistering-disorders) — Inherited epidermolysis bullosa and related mechanobullous disorders are a genetically heterogeneous group in which mutations in structural skin proteins cause fragile skin that bl (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Genodermatoses and neurocutaneous skin findings](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/genodermatoses-and-neurocutaneous-skin-findings) — Fellowship topic on paediatric genodermatoses and neurocutaneous skin findings: the three classic phakomatoses — neurofibromatosis type 1 with its café-au-lait macules, skinfold fr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Impetigo and bacterial skin infection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/impetigo-and-bacterial-skin-infection) — Fellowship topic on impetigo and bacterial skin infection in children: the non-bullous and bullous forms of impetigo, ecthyma, and the toxin-mediated staphylococcal scalded skin sy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Molluscum contagiosum and viral warts](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/molluscum-contagiosum-and-viral-warts) — Two of the commonest benign, self-limiting viral skin infections of childhood — molluscum contagiosum (a poxvirus causing pearly umbilicated papules) and viral warts (human papillo (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nail disorders in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/nail-disorders-in-children) — Fellowship topic on nail disorders in children: the nail unit anatomy and the site-based diagnostic principle that matrix lesions change nail shape and surface, nail bed lesions ch (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nappy dermatitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/nappy-dermatitis) — A fellowship approach to nappy dermatitis in infants, built around the single decision that matters: separating the common irritant contact dermatitis on convex surfaces with spare (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neonatal pustular and vesiculobullous eruptions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/neonatal-pustular-and-vesiculobullous-eruptions) — Fellowship topic on the neonate presenting with a pustule, vesicle or bulla: the benign transient pustular eruptions (erythema toxicum neonatorum, transient neonatal pustular melan (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Petechiae, purpura and vasculitic rashes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/petechiae-purpura-and-vasculitic-rashes) — Fellowship topic on the non-blanching rash in children — petechiae, purpura and vasculitic eruptions — framed as a triage problem. The first split is sick versus well: a febrile, t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Psoriasis in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/psoriasis-in-children) — Fellowship topic on psoriasis in children: the plaque, guttate, scalp, nail, facial and napkin forms and their paediatric-specific presentations; the IL-23 and Th17 and IL-17 immun (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Scabies, lice and infestations](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/scabies-lice-and-infestations) — Human ectoparasite infestations of childhood — scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei), head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis), pubic lice and body lice — presenting with characteristic itchy b (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Seborrhoeic dermatitis and cradle cap](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/seborrhoeic-dermatitis-and-cradle-cap) — A fellowship approach to seborrhoeic dermatitis and cradle cap (infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis): the greasy yellow scale over the scalp vertex, the face, the flexures, and the na (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Skin manifestations of systemic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/skin-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Fellowship topic on cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease in children: the skin as a window to internal disease. Covers the reactive erythemas and panniculitides (erythema n (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/stevens-johnson-syndrome-and-toxic-epidermal-necrolysis) — Fellowship topic on Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), SJS-TEN overlap and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in children: a severe, usually drug-induced, T-cell-mediated mucocutaneous (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tinea and fungal skin infection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/tinea-and-fungal-skin-infection) — Fellowship guide to tinea and fungal skin infection in children: the annular scaly ringworm plaque of tinea corporis with its active advancing border, the prepubertal bald scaly pa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Vascular birthmarks and infantile haemangioma](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/paediatric-dermatology/vascular-birthmarks-and-infantile-haemangioma) — Fellowship topic on vascular birthmarks and infantile haemangioma: the ISSVA split of vascular anomalies into proliferating tumours (infantile haemangioma, congenital haemangiomas, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care - [Acute nociceptive pain management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/acute-nociceptive-pain-management) — A fellowship approach to acute nociceptive pain in a child: score the pain with an age-appropriate tool, build a multimodal foundation of regular paracetamol (15 mg per kg per dose (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Care in the last days of life](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/care-in-the-last-days-of-life) — Fellowship guide to care in the last days of life in children. Covers recognition of dying, anticipatory prescribing, syringe drivers, management of secretions, terminal agitation, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chronic primary and secondary pain in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/chronic-primary-and-secondary-pain-in-children) — Fellowship guide to chronic primary and secondary pain in children. Covers the ICD-11 split of chronic pain into primary, where the pain is itself a nociplastic disease with distre (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Grief, bereavement and sibling support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/grief-bereavement-and-sibling-support) — Fellowship guide to grief, bereavement and sibling support after the death of a child. Covers anticipatory grief, developmental understanding of death by age, sibling support, pare (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Neuropathic pain in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/neuropathic-pain-in-children) — Fellowship guide to neuropathic pain in children: the IASP and NeuPSIG definition and grading system that separates neuropathic from nociceptive pain, the peripheral-versus-central (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Opioid stewardship and complex analgesia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/opioid-stewardship-and-complex-analgesia) — A fellowship approach to opioid stewardship and complex analgesia in a child: give the right opioid at the right weight-based dose by the right route for the right duration, anchor (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Organ and tissue donation in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/organ-and-tissue-donation-in-children) — Fellowship guide to organ and tissue donation in children. Covers donation after neurological determination of death (DBD), donation after circulatory determination of death (DCD), (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Paediatric palliative care principles and referral](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/paediatric-palliative-care-principles-and-referral) — Fellowship-level approach to the principles and referral of paediatric palliative care: the WHO definition, the parallel-care model, the four Together for Short Lives (ACT) categor (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Pain assessment across developmental and cognitive abilities](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/pain-assessment-across-developmental-and-cognitive-abilities) — Fellowship-level approach to measuring a child's pain honestly across every age and ability: self-report as the gold standard from about four years with the Faces Pain Scale-Revise (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Palliative care in cancer](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/palliative-care-in-cancer) — Fellowship guide to palliative care in children with cancer. Covers the World Health Organization consensus definition of palliative care as the active total care of the child with (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Palliative care in neurodisability and genetic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/palliative-care-in-neurodisability-and-genetic-disease) — Fellowship guide to palliative care for children with severe neurodisability and life-limiting genetic disease. Covers Together for Short Lives non-malignant trajectories, seizures (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Symptom control in serious paediatric illness](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/symptom-control-in-serious-paediatric-illness) — Fellowship-level approach to recognising and treating the four highest-burden distressing symptoms in a child with a serious, life-limiting or life-threatening illness — pain, brea (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care/withholding-and-withdrawing-life-sustaining-treatment) — Fellowship guide to withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment in children. Covers the ethical equivalence of withholding and withdrawing, the best-interests standard, p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### preventive-and-community-paediatrics - [Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child health](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-child-health) — Fellowship-level culturally safe care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: structural inequities, ACCHO partnership, ear lung skin and post-strep pathways, developme (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Adolescent preventive health care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/adolescent-preventive-health-care) — A fellowship approach to adolescent preventive care: time alone, conditional confidentiality, HEADSS/HEEADSSS psychosocial assessment, integrated screening, anticipatory guidance, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Air pollution, tobacco smoke and vaping exposure](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/air-pollution-tobacco-smoke-and-vaping-exposure) — Fellowship-level approach to childhood air pollution, tobacco smoke and vaping exposure: ambient and household pollutants, second- and third-hand smoke, youth e-cigarettes, mechani (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Cardiovascular risk screening in childhood](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/cardiovascular-risk-screening-in-childhood) — Fellowship approach to childhood cardiovascular risk screening: blood pressure technique and staging, lipid screening including the universal-versus-selective debate, obesity-relat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Catch-up immunisation and uncertain vaccination history](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/catch-up-immunisation-and-uncertain-vaccination-history) — Fellowship approach to reconstructing vaccination history, classifying valid versus invalid doses, building age-banded catch-up plans, using serology selectively, and documenting r (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Childcare attendance, exclusion and infection prevention](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/childcare-attendance-exclusion-and-infection-prevention) — Fellowship-level approach to infection risk in group childcare, evidence-based exclusion and return-to-care decisions, centre infection prevention, outbreak response, special popul (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Childhood injury prevention and anticipatory guidance](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/childhood-injury-prevention-and-anticipatory-guidance) — Fellowship-level childhood injury prevention and anticipatory guidance: Haddon energy model, age-banded hazards, passive versus active strategies, office-based counselling evidence (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Climate change, heat and child health](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/climate-change-heat-and-child-health) — Fellowship-level approach to climate-driven heat risk in children: thermoregulation, heat-illness spectrum, cool-first resuscitation, sports and school prevention, equity, and mult (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Community needs assessment and child-health advocacy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/community-needs-assessment-and-child-health-advocacy) — Fellowship guide to community needs assessment and child-health advocacy: define the community, gather mixed data, map assets, prioritise with partners, act at patient-to-policy le (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental and behavioural screening](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/developmental-and-behavioural-screening) — Fellowship guide to developmental and behavioural screening in preventive paediatrics: key-age general screens, autism-specific two-stage pathways, early emotional-behavioural scre (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Drowning prevention and water safety](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/drowning-prevention-and-water-safety) — Fellowship-level drowning prevention and water safety: WHO definition, age-specific hazards, layered prevention (supervision, barriers, flotation, swim skills, CPR readiness), bath (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Environmental health and children's exposure risks](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/environmental-health-and-childrens-exposure-risks) — Fellowship-level hub on paediatric environmental health: why children are uniquely vulnerable, structured environmental history, major exposure domains, primary prevention, targete (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Global child health and sustainable paediatric care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/global-child-health-and-sustainable-paediatric-care) — Fellowship-level approach to global child health and sustainable paediatric care: under-5 and neonatal mortality metrics and SDG 3.2, major preventable causes, continuum-of-care pa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Housing insecurity, food insecurity and child health](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/housing-insecurity-food-insecurity-and-child-health) — Fellowship-level approach to childhood food and housing insecurity: definitions and USDA severity, Hunger Vital Sign screening, multi-domain housing risk, medical sequelae, clinic- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Immunisation principles and national schedule comparison](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/immunisation-principles-and-national-schedule-comparison) — Fellowship guide to immunisation principles and national schedule comparison: vaccine platforms, valid doses, herd immunity, visit algorithms, birth-to-adolescent architecture, and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Indigenous child health and culturally safe care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/indigenous-child-health-and-culturally-safe-care) — Fellowship-level framework for Indigenous child health equity and culturally safe paediatric care: definitions, colonisation and racism as structural drivers, clinical patterns wit (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Infant health supervision: 3 to 6 months](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/infant-health-supervision-3-to-6-months) — Fellowship guide to the 3–6 month health-supervision window: growth and feeding, evidence-informed milestones, safe sleep and tummy time, head shape, maternal mood screening, injur (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Infant health supervision: 6 to 12 months](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/infant-health-supervision-6-to-12-months) — Fellowship guide to 6-, 9- and 12-month infant health supervision: growth, developmental surveillance, complementary feeding and iron, safe sleep, injury prevention, oral health, t (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Infant health supervision: birth to 3 months](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/infant-health-supervision-birth-to-3-months) — Fellowship-level health supervision from hospital discharge through 3 months: visit structure, growth and feeding, examination, newborn screening loop-closure, immunisation, safe s (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Lead exposure and poisoning prevention](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/lead-exposure-and-poisoning-prevention) — Fellowship-level approach to childhood lead exposure and poisoning prevention: no-safe-level principle, sources, screening and venous confirmation, CDC blood lead reference value, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Māori child health, Te Tiriti and culturally safe care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/m-ori-child-health-te-tiriti-and-culturally-safe-care) — Fellowship-level approach to Māori child health in Aotearoa New Zealand: Te Tiriti-informed practice, cultural safety versus competence theatre, Hui Process and Meihana-style engag (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Newborn bloodspot screening for inherited metabolic disease and follow-up](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/newborn-bloodspot-screening-for-inherited-metabolic-disease-and-follow-up) — Fellowship guide to dried bloodspot newborn screening: valid collection, result states, critical positives in well neonates, CH PKU MCADD galactosaemia CAH CF SCID pathways, incomp (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Newborn hearing screening](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/newborn-hearing-screening) — Fellowship guide to universal newborn hearing screening: OAE and AABR pathways, pass versus refer counselling, 1-3-6 EHDI clocks, high-risk and NICU strategies, late-onset loss aft (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Newborn preventive care and screening](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/newborn-preventive-care-and-screening) — Fellowship guide to the newborn preventive package: physical examination, dried bloodspot screening, universal hearing screening, critical congenital heart disease pulse-oximetry, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Passenger, bicycle, pedestrian and firearm safety](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/passenger-bicycle-pedestrian-and-firearm-safety) — Fellowship-level anticipatory guidance for child passenger restraints, bicycle helmets, pedestrian safety and firearm safe storage: staged transitions, mechanism-based counselling, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Population health, epidemiology and prevention in paediatrics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/population-health-epidemiology-and-prevention-in-paediatrics) — Fellowship foundation on population health, epidemiology and prevention in paediatrics: defining populations and outcomes, incidence and risk measures, primary secondary tertiary p (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Preschool health supervision](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/preschool-health-supervision) — Fellowship approach to preschool (about 3–5 years) health supervision: growth and BMI, school-readiness surveillance, vision and hearing gates, oral health and fluoride, immunisati (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Preventive paediatrics and the well-child visit](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/preventive-paediatrics-and-the-well-child-visit) — Fellowship hub on preventive paediatrics and the well-child visit: visit architecture, Bright Futures/periodicity principles, growth and development, screening, immunisation integr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Rural, regional and remote child-health inequities](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/rural-regional-and-remote-child-health-inequities) — Fellowship guide to rural, regional and remote child-health inequities: remoteness classification, workforce and distance mechanisms, paediatric readiness, telehealth and retrieval (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Safe sleep and sudden unexpected death prevention](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/safe-sleep-and-sudden-unexpected-death-prevention) — Fellowship-level approach to safe infant sleep counselling and sudden unexpected death prevention: definitions, triple-risk model, modifiable hazards, AAP-aligned core rules, equit (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [School health and school-based care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/school-health-and-school-based-care) — Fellowship guide to school health and school-based care: school nursing and SBHC models, executable chronic-disease and emergency plans, return-to-learn after concussion, infection (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [School-age health supervision](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/school-age-health-supervision) — Fellowship guide to school-age health supervision: well-visit structure, growth and BMI, vision hearing BP and oral screens, sleep media activity guidance, school function, safegua (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Screening test principles in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/screening-test-principles-in-children) — Fellowship guide to screening test principles in children: programme criteria, sensitivity specificity and PPV in low prevalence, false-positive harm, two-step pathways, consent, n (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Sun protection and skin cancer prevention](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/sun-protection-and-skin-cancer-prevention) — Fellowship-level approach to childhood sun protection and skin-cancer prevention: UV biology, age-banded counselling, layered photoprotection, indoor tanning, vitamin D balance, hi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toddler health supervision: 1 to 3 years](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/toddler-health-supervision-1-to-3-years) — Fellowship approach to toddler (12–36 months) health supervision: growth trajectories, developmental surveillance and autism screening, injury and oral-health anticipatory guidance (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Vaccine contraindications, precautions and adverse events](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/vaccine-contraindications-precautions-and-adverse-events) — A fellowship approach to paediatric vaccine safety: true contraindications versus precautions and false contraindications; live-vaccine rules in immunocompromise and pregnancy; AEF (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Vaccine hesitancy and risk communication](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/preventive-and-community-paediatrics/vaccine-hesitancy-and-risk-communication) — Fellowship approach to vaccine hesitancy as a continuum, SAGE confidence–complacency–convenience assessment, evidence-based clinic communication, motivational interviewing, ethical (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH,ABP,RCPSC; updated=2026-07-11) ### professional-practice-and-evidence - [Best-interests decisions and treatment limitation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/best-interests-decisions-and-treatment-limitation) — Fellowship-level approach to best-interests decisions and treatment limitation in paediatrics: the best-interests balance of benefits against burdens, the zone of parental discreti (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Biostatistics for paediatric exams](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/biostatistics-for-paediatric-exams) — Fellowship guide to the biostatistics a paediatric candidate must read, calculate and defend: classifying data, summarising with mean, median, standard deviation and interquartile (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Breaking bad news and serious-illness communication](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/breaking-bad-news-and-serious-illness-communication) — Fellowship guide to breaking bad news and serious-illness communication in paediatrics: SPIKES, Ask-Tell-Ask and NURSE; goals-of-care and advance care planning; prognostic disclosu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Clinical epidemiology and measures of effect](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/clinical-epidemiology-and-measures-of-effect) — Fellowship guide to clinical epidemiology and measures of effect in paediatrics: incidence and prevalence, the 2x2 contingency table, relative risk, odds ratio and hazard ratio, ri (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Clinician wellbeing, fatigue and sustainable practice](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/clinician-wellbeing-fatigue-and-sustainable-practice) — Fellowship guide to clinician wellbeing, fatigue and sustainable practice: defining burnout and the Maslach dimensions, the demands-resources mechanism, why sleep loss and burnout (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Communicating risk and uncertainty to families](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/communicating-risk-and-uncertainty-to-families) — Fellowship guide to communicating risk and uncertainty to families in paediatrics: risk versus uncertainty, aleatory versus epistemic uncertainty, natural frequencies and pictograp (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Confidentiality with children and adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/confidentiality-with-children-and-adolescents) — Fellowship-level approach to confidentiality with children and adolescents: conditional confidentiality, Gillick/Fraser competence and the mature-minor doctrine, the three narrow o (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Conflict, complaints and difficult clinical encounters](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/conflict-complaints-and-difficult-clinical-encounters) — Fellowship guide to difficult clinical encounters, conflict and complaints in paediatrics: recognising the difficult consultation and its clinician and system drivers; structured v (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Consent, parental responsibility and mature-minor frameworks](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/consent-parental-responsibility-and-mature-minor-frameworks) — Fellowship-level approach to consent in paediatrics: parental responsibility, child assent and dissent, decision-making capacity via Appelbaum domains, Gillick/Fraser and mature-mi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmentally appropriate communication](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/developmentally-appropriate-communication) — A fellowship-level guide to matching communication register, engagement tool and privacy to a child's developmental stage — from behavioural reading of the neonate through play-bas (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Diagnostic accuracy and screening statistics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/diagnostic-accuracy-and-screening-statistics) — Fellowship guide to diagnostic accuracy and screening statistics in child health: the 2x2 table, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values and why prevalence governs predictiv (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Ethical allocation of resources in paediatrics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/ethical-allocation-of-resources-in-paediatrics) — Fellowship-level approach to ethical allocation of resources in paediatrics: distributive justice, absolute versus relative versus cost-based scarcity, the four allocation principl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/evidence-based-medicine-and-critical-appraisal) — Fellowship guide to evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal in paediatrics: the five steps of evidence-based practice, PICO question formulation, hierarchy of evidence, vali (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Family-centred and child-rights-based care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/family-centred-and-child-rights-based-care) — Fellowship-level approach to family-centred and child-rights-based care: the four IPFCC core concepts, the four UNCRC guiding principles, the evolution from paternalistic to child- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Goals-of-care conversations and advance care planning for children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/goals-of-care-conversations-and-advance-care-planning-for-children) — Fellowship-level approach to goals-of-care conversations and advance care planning (ACP) for children with serious or life-limiting illness: goals-of-care frames, the ACP document (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Health literacy and accessible paediatric information](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/health-literacy-and-accessible-paediatric-information) — Fellowship-level approach to health literacy and accessible paediatric information: universal precautions, teach-back, plain language, millilitre dosing with oral syringes and pict (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [High-value care, stewardship and avoiding low-value interventions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/high-value-care-stewardship-and-avoiding-low-value-interventions) — Fellowship guide to high-value care and stewardship in paediatrics: defining value, recognising low-value care, overuse and overdiagnosis, the clinician, family and system drivers (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Implementation science and translating evidence into practice](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/implementation-science-and-translating-evidence-into-practice) — Fellowship guide to implementation science: the research-to-practice gap, why evidence takes about 17 years to reach children, the frameworks (CFIR, RE-AIM, Cabana, knowledge-to-ac (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Interpreting systematic reviews and clinical guidelines](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/interpreting-systematic-reviews-and-clinical-guidelines) — Fellowship guide to interpreting systematic reviews, meta-analyses, network meta-analyses, and clinical practice guidelines in child health: reading the PRISMA 2020 flow and a fore (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Leadership and interprofessional team management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/leadership-and-interprofessional-team-management) — Fellowship guide to leading and managing interprofessional teams in child health: leadership styles, building a high-performing team, shared mental models, closed-loop communicatio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Medication safety and error prevention in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/medication-safety-and-error-prevention-in-children) — Fellowship guide to medication safety and error prevention in children: the medication-use process, why children are vulnerable, error classification and harm severity, the Swiss-c (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Medicolegal documentation and expert evidence](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/medicolegal-documentation-and-expert-evidence) — Fellowship guide to medicolegal documentation and expert evidence in paediatrics: the medical record as a contemporaneous legal document, the witness-of-fact versus expert-witness (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Open disclosure and duty of candour](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/open-disclosure-and-duty-of-candour) — Fellowship guide to open disclosure and duty of candour in paediatrics: recognising a notifiable patient safety incident, grading severity, the staged disclosure conversation with (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Paediatric consultation with child, young person and family](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/paediatric-consultation-with-child-young-person-and-family) — Fellowship-level approach to the paediatric consultation as a triadic, developmentally-adapted encounter: Calgary-Cambridge structure and the Paediatric Consultation Assessment Too (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Paediatric study design and bias](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/paediatric-study-design-and-bias) — Fellowship guide to paediatric study design and bias: the hierarchy of evidence, the major designs (case series, cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, randomised trial, systematic (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Patient safety, human factors and systems thinking](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/patient-safety-human-factors-and-systems-thinking) — Fellowship guide to patient safety, human factors and systems thinking in paediatrics: the language of adverse events, near misses, never events and sentinel events; Reason's Swiss (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Professional boundaries and social media](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/professional-boundaries-and-social-media) — Fellowship guide to professional boundaries and social media in paediatrics: the boundary spectrum from crossing to violation, high-risk scenarios (treating family, gifts, dual rel (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Quality improvement methods in child health](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/quality-improvement-methods-in-child-health) — Fellowship guide to leading quality improvement in child health: the Model for Improvement, aim and measure design, PDSA cycles, driver diagrams, run charts and statistical process (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Recognition, reporting and analysis of adverse events](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/recognition-reporting-and-analysis-of-adverse-events) — Fellowship guide to recognising, reporting and analysing paediatric adverse events and near misses: systems thinking, trigger tools, disclosure principles, second-victim support, c (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Refusal of treatment and disagreement over care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/refusal-of-treatment-and-disagreement-over-care) — Fellowship guide to refusal of treatment and disagreement over care in paediatrics: distinguishing parental refusal from goals-of-care disputes and adolescent refusal; applying the (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Research ethics and assent in paediatric research](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/research-ethics-and-assent-in-paediatric-research) — Fellowship-level approach to research ethics and assent in paediatric research: why children are vulnerable, parental permission versus child assent and consent, the risk-benefit c (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Shared decision-making and assent in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/shared-decision-making-and-assent-in-children) — Fellowship-level approach to shared decision-making (SDM) and assent in children: three-talk model, consent versus assent and dissent, AAP seven assent elements, decision aids, chi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Teaching, supervision and feedback in paediatrics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/teaching-supervision-and-feedback-in-paediatrics) — Fellowship-level approach to teaching, clinical supervision and feedback in paediatrics: feedback models (Ende, Pendleton, ask-tell-ask, R2C2, debriefing with good judgment), the e (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Trauma-informed paediatric care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/trauma-informed-paediatric-care) — Fellowship guide to trauma-informed paediatric care: the SAMHSA four Rs and six principles; the ACE study and toxic-stress mechanism; recognising trauma across age groups; the trau (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Working with interpreters and culturally responsive communication](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/professional-practice-and-evidence/working-with-interpreters-and-culturally-responsive-communication) — Fellowship-level approach to working with interpreters and culturally responsive communication in paediatrics: interpreter modes, structured interpreter-mediated consultation, erro (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) ### respiratory-sleep-and-airway - [Acute severe and life-threatening asthma](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/acute-severe-and-life-threatening-asthma) — Fellowship guide to acute severe and life-threatening asthma in children: grading severity from the whole child, the pathophysiology of the failing airway, the stepwise escalation (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Aspiration, swallowing dysfunction and chronic lung injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/aspiration-swallowing-dysfunction-and-chronic-lung-injury) — Fellowship guide to aspiration, swallowing dysfunction and chronic lung injury in children: the child who mis-directs feeds, refluxed gastric contents or saliva into the airway and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Asthma diagnosis and long-term control](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/asthma-diagnosis-and-long-term-control) — Fellowship guide to the diagnosis and long-term control of asthma in children: recognising the variable, reversible airflow obstruction that defines the disease, confirming it with (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Behavioural insomnia and circadian rhythm disorders](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/behavioural-insomnia-and-circadian-rhythm-disorders) — Fellowship guide to behavioural insomnia of childhood and the circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders: the sleep-onset association and limit-setting subtypes and their diagnosis on a (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Bronchiectasis in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/bronchiectasis-in-children) — Fellowship guide to bronchiectasis in children — the chronic wet cough that defines it, the chronic suppurative lung disease continuum that precedes it, the vicious cycle that driv (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Bronchiolitis and viral lower respiratory tract infection](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/bronchiolitis-and-viral-lower-respiratory-tract-infection) — Fellowship guide to bronchiolitis and viral lower respiratory tract infection: the RSV-driven small-airway obstruction of infancy that gives cough, tachypnoea, wheeze and crackles (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Central sleep apnoea and hypoventilation syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/central-sleep-apnoea-and-hypoventilation-syndromes) — Fellowship guide to central sleep apnoea and hypoventilation syndromes in children: the disorders in which the brain fails to generate an adequate breathing signal, so airflow and (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic cough: diagnostic approach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/chronic-cough-diagnostic-approach) — Fellowship guide to chronic cough in children — the four-week threshold, the wet-versus-dry split that drives the whole work-up, protracted bacterial bronchitis as the commonest ca (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Community-acquired pneumonia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/community-acquired-pneumonia) — Fellowship guide to community-acquired pneumonia in children: the febrile, coughing, fast-breathing child with alveolar consolidation acquired outside hospital; the age-dependent s (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Congenital lung and airway malformations](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/congenital-lung-and-airway-malformations) — Fellowship guide to congenital lung and airway malformations — the CPAM, sequestration, lobar emphysema, bronchogenic cyst and bronchial atresia spectrum, how antenatal detection h (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Croup](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/croup) — Fellowship guide to croup (viral laryngotracheobronchitis): the parainfluenza-driven subglottic oedema that gives a barking cough, inspiratory stridor and a hoarse voice in a young (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Cystic fibrosis: diagnosis and screening](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/cystic-fibrosis-diagnosis-and-screening) — Fellowship guide to diagnosing and screening for cystic fibrosis in children: recognising the child whose salty skin, chronic wet cough, greasy stools and poor growth should trigge (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Cystic fibrosis: pulmonary and multidisciplinary management](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/cystic-fibrosis-pulmonary-and-multidisciplinary-management) — Fellowship guide to the pulmonary and multidisciplinary management of cystic fibrosis in children: the CFTR channel defect that dehydrates the airway surface and starts a self-perp (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Epiglottitis and bacterial tracheitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/epiglottitis-and-bacterial-tracheitis) — Fellowship guide to paediatric epiglottitis and bacterial tracheitis: recognising the toxic child with a threatened airway, distinguishing supraglottic from subglottic and tracheal (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/exercise-induced-bronchoconstriction) — Fellowship guide to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children: the transient airway narrowing that follows a burst of exercise, why it usually signals inadequate asthma cont (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Foreign-body aspiration](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/foreign-body-aspiration) — Fellowship guide to foreign-body aspiration in children: the choking toddler and the three clinical phases, why the small paediatric airway and organic objects make aspiration dang (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Interstitial lung disease in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/interstitial-lung-disease-in-children) — Fellowship guide to children's interstitial lung disease (chILD) — the chILD syndrome that flags it, the infancy-versus-older-child classification that frames it, the surfactant-dy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia and vocal-cord dysfunction](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/laryngomalacia-tracheomalacia-and-vocal-cord-dysfunction) — Fellowship guide to the three dynamic paediatric airway-collapse disorders: laryngomalacia as the commonest cause of infant stridor, tracheomalacia as the barking cough and salbuta (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Narcolepsy and hypersomnolence](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/narcolepsy-and-hypersomnolence) — Fellowship guide to narcolepsy and the central disorders of hypersomnolence in children: the conditions in which the brain cannot hold a stable boundary between wakefulness and REM (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Neuromuscular respiratory failure and airway clearance](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/neuromuscular-respiratory-failure-and-airway-clearance) — Fellowship guide to neuromuscular respiratory failure and airway clearance in children: the two-part respiratory pump-and-cough failure that follows weakness of the diaphragm, expi (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Non-invasive ventilation and home respiratory support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/non-invasive-ventilation-and-home-respiratory-support) — Fellowship guide to non-invasive ventilation and home respiratory support in children: what CPAP, bilevel non-invasive ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula actually do, how to t (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Obstructive sleep apnoea in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/obstructive-sleep-apnoea-in-children) — Fellowship guide to obstructive sleep apnoea in children: the spectrum of sleep-disordered breathing and the paediatric severity thresholds, why adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obes (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oxygen therapy and home oxygen in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/oxygen-therapy-and-home-oxygen-in-children) — Fellowship guide to oxygen therapy and home oxygen in children: how to treat hypoxaemia safely without tipping a child into hyperoxia. The page covers the oxygen delivery devices f (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Paediatric sleep investigations: polysomnography, sleep-study interpretation and MSLT](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/paediatric-sleep-investigations-polysomnography-sleep-study-interpretation-and-mslt) — Fellowship guide to paediatric sleep investigations: the polysomnogram that records brain, eye, muscle, airflow, effort, oxygen and carbon dioxide across a night of a child's sleep (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pleural effusion and empyema](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/pleural-effusion-and-empyema) — Fellowship guide to paediatric pleural effusion and empyema: the parapneumonic fluid that turns a child's pneumonia into persistent fever and pleuritic pain; Light's criteria and t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pneumothorax and air-leak syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/pneumothorax-and-air-leak-syndromes) — A fellowship approach to pneumothorax and the wider family of air-leak syndromes in children: recognise tension physiology and decompress before imaging, understand the Macklin rou (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Primary ciliary dyskinesia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/primary-ciliary-dyskinesia) — Fellowship guide to primary ciliary dyskinesia: why a genetic defect of motile cilia produces a lifelong triad of chronic wet cough, chronic rhinosinusitis and otitis media, how th (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pulmonary haemorrhage and haemoptysis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/pulmonary-haemorrhage-and-haemoptysis) — Fellowship guide to pulmonary haemorrhage and haemoptysis in children — why young children rarely cough up their blood, how to separate focal bleeding from diffuse alveolar haemorr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Recurrent pneumonia and localised lung disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/recurrent-pneumonia-and-localised-lung-disease) — Fellowship guide to recurrent pneumonia in children — the two-or-more-in-a-year definition, the single question that reorganises the whole work-up (same site or different sites?), (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Recurrent wheeze in preschool children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/recurrent-wheeze-in-preschool-children) — Fellowship guide to recurrent wheeze in preschool children: the phenotype framework (episodic viral versus multiple-trigger wheeze), the Asthma Predictive Index and atopy as the ri (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Respiratory distress and failure in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/respiratory-distress-and-failure-in-children) — A fellowship approach to the child in respiratory distress and failure: recognise the continuum from compensated increased work of breathing to exhaustion, clear the pre-arrest thr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Respiratory manifestations of systemic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/respiratory-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Fellowship guide to the lung as a target organ of systemic disease in children — the sickle cell chest that can kill in hours, the connective tissue diseases that scar the intersti (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Spirometry and paediatric pulmonary-function testing](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/spirometry-and-paediatric-pulmonary-function-testing) — Fellowship guide to spirometry and pulmonary-function testing in children: how a forced blow into a spirometer generates the FEV1, FVC and their ratio and the flow-volume loop, how (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Tracheostomy care and emergencies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/tracheostomy-care-and-emergencies) — Fellowship guide to paediatric tracheostomy care and emergencies: the tube types and their parts, the physiology of an airway that bypasses the upper airway, routine humidification (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Upper-airway obstruction and stridor](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/respiratory-sleep-and-airway/upper-airway-obstruction-and-stridor) — Fellowship guide to upper-airway obstruction and stridor in children: how the flow phase of stridor localises the obstruction, why the small paediatric subglottis makes minor oedem (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) ### rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports - [Acute monoarthritis and septic arthritis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/acute-monoarthritis-and-septic-arthritis) — A fellowship approach to the child with an acutely hot, swollen joint: the Kocher clinical prediction rule that separates septic arthritis from transient synovitis, the urgent join (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [ANCA-associated and other childhood vasculitides](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/anca-associated-and-other-childhood-vasculitides) — Fellowship guide to ANCA-associated and other childhood vasculitides beyond IgA vasculitis. Covers the Chapel Hill 2012 vessel-size nomenclature that splits large-vessel Takayasu a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Angular, rotational and gait variants](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/angular-rotational-and-gait-variants) — A fellowship approach to the common physiologic variants of the growing lower limb — bow legs, knock knees, and intoeing — anchored by the Salenius and Vankka developmental curve, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Back pain in children and adolescents](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/back-pain-in-children-and-adolescents) — A fellowship approach to back pain in children and adolescents: back pain is uncommon in the pre-school child and a red flag in its own right, and the age-stratified differential r (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Bone pain and malignancy red flags](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/bone-pain-and-malignancy-red-flags) — A fellowship approach to paediatric bone pain and the red flags that signal malignancy: separating the child whose limb pain is benign growing pain or transient synovitis from the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Clubfoot and congenital limb anomalies](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/clubfoot-and-congenital-limb-anomalies) — A fellowship approach to the clubfoot (congenital talipes equinovarus) and the broad family of congenital limb anomalies: the four classical deformities (cavus, adductus, varus, eq (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Common paediatric fractures and growth-plate injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/common-paediatric-fractures-and-growth-plate-injury) — A fellowship approach to the common fractures of children's long bones and the growth-plate injuries they carry: the Salter-Harris classification of physeal injury and its prognosi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Concussion and return to learn or play](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/concussion-and-return-to-learn-or-play) — A fellowship approach to sport-related concussion in the child and adolescent, anchored by the 2022 Amsterdam Consensus Statement and its tools — the SCAT6 for athletes thirteen ye (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Developmental dysplasia of the hip](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip) — A fellowship approach to developmental dysplasia of the hip: the Ortolani and Barlow manoeuvres in the newborn, the Graf ultrasound angles that grade the infant hip, the Pavlik har (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Heat illness, exertional collapse and sudden death prevention](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/heat-illness-exertional-collapse-and-sudden-death-prevention) — A fellowship approach to exertional heat illness, exercise-associated collapse, and the prevention of sudden death in the young athlete: the spectrum runs from exercise-associated (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [IgA vasculitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/iga-vasculitis) — Fellowship guide to IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein purpura), the commonest childhood small-vessel vasculitis. Covers the EULAR/PRINTO/PRES Ankara 2008 classification criteria of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Juvenile dermatomyositis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/juvenile-dermatomyositis) — Fellowship guide to juvenile dermatomyositis: the child with a heliotrope rash and Gottron papules who cannot climb stairs, the Bohan and Peter and 2017 EULAR and ACR classificatio (exams=RACP DCE,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Juvenile idiopathic arthritis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis) — Fellowship guide to juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the commonest rheumatic disease of childhood. Covers the ILAR classification with its seven categories, the dominance of the olig (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Musculoskeletal examination and the limping child](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/musculoskeletal-examination-and-the-limping-child) — A fellowship approach to the paediatric musculoskeletal examination and the limping child: pGALS as the bedside screen, pREMS as the regional deep-dive, and the age-stratified diff (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nursemaid's elbow and common upper-limb injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/nursemaids-elbow-and-common-upper-limb-injury) — A fellowship approach to nursemaid's elbow (radial head subluxation) and the common paediatric upper-limb injuries: the classic traction history and the well child holding the arm (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Osteomyelitis and discitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/osteomyelitis-and-discitis) — A fellowship approach to paediatric acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and discitis: the metaphyseal capillary bed where bacteria seed, the age-stratified microbiology dominated by (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pain amplification, juvenile fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/pain-amplification-juvenile-fibromyalgia-and-complex-regional-pain-syndrome) — Fellowship guide to amplified musculoskeletal pain, juvenile fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome in children. Covers the unifying concept of central sensitization as th (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Performance-enhancing substances in young athletes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/performance-enhancing-substances-in-young-athletes) — A fellowship approach to performance-enhancing substances in the young athlete: the WADA prohibited list and the principle of strict liability, the anabolic steroids that dominate (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Periodic fever and autoinflammatory syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/periodic-fever-and-autoinflammatory-syndromes) — Fellowship guide to the periodic fever and autoinflammatory syndromes. Covers the distinction between autoinflammatory and autoimmune disease, the five syndromes a fellow must carr (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Perthes disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/perthes-disease) — A fellowship approach to Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: idiopathic avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis in the four-to-eight-year-old child, the four radiographic phase (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pre-participation sports evaluation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/pre-participation-sports-evaluation) — A fellowship approach to the pre-participation sports evaluation of the child and adolescent: the AHA 14-element cardiovascular history and examination and its red-flag items, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Primary immunodeficiency with rheumatic manifestations](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/primary-immunodeficiency-with-rheumatic-manifestations) — A fellowship approach to the child in whom a primary immunodeficiency declares itself through rheumatic disease: recognise the overlaps that earn an immune work-up (CVID with symme (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Reactive arthritis and post-infectious inflammatory syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/reactive-arthritis-and-post-infectious-inflammatory-syndromes) — Fellowship guide to reactive arthritis and the post-infectious inflammatory syndromes of childhood. Covers the classic post-enteric and post-genitourinary reactive arthritis with i (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Relative energy deficiency in sport and athlete nutrition](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/relative-energy-deficiency-in-sport-and-athlete-nutrition) — A fellowship approach to relative energy deficiency in sport and athlete nutrition: low energy availability is the central driver that, when energy intake falls short of the energy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Scleroderma, mixed connective-tissue disease and overlap syndromes](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/scleroderma-mixed-connective-tissue-disease-and-overlap-syndromes) — Fellowship guide to paediatric scleroderma, mixed connective-tissue disease and the overlap syndromes. Distinguishes the localised scleroderma (morphea), confined to skin and subcu (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Scoliosis and spinal deformity](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/scoliosis-and-spinal-deformity) — A fellowship approach to scoliosis and spinal deformity in children and adolescents: scoliosis is a lateral spinal curvature of 10 degrees Cobb or more with vertebral rotation, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Slipped capital femoral epiphysis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/slipped-capital-femoral-epiphysis) — A fellowship approach to the overweight adolescent with an antalgic gait and referred knee pain: the Loder stability classification that separates stable from unstable slipped capi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sports injury prevention and overuse injuries](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/sports-injury-prevention-and-overuse-injuries) — A fellowship approach to the overuse, or microtrauma, injuries of the young athlete — anchored by the acute-versus-overuse distinction, the vulnerability of the open physis and tra (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and macrophage activation syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-and-macrophage-activation-syndrome) — Fellowship guide to systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its life-threatening complication, macrophage activation syndrome. Covers the ILAR classification of sJIA with its qu (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Systemic lupus erythematosus](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/systemic-lupus-erythematosus) — Fellowship guide to childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: the SLICC 2012 and EULAR/ACR 2019 weighted classification criteria, the type I interferon and immune-complex patho (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Transient synovitis and the irritable hip](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports/transient-synovitis-and-the-irritable-hip) — A fellowship approach to the child with an irritable hip: transient synovitis as the commonest benign cause of acute limp, the Kocher clinical prediction rule that separates it fro (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) ### rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics - [Advocacy, policy and health-service design for rural children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/advocacy-policy-and-health-service-design-for-rural-children) — Fellowship guide to advocacy, policy and health-service design for rural children. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Avoiding racism and institutional bias in child health](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/avoiding-racism-and-institutional-bias-in-child-health) — Fellowship guide to avoiding racism and institutional bias in child health. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and cultur (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Child protection in small and remote communities](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/child-protection-in-small-and-remote-communities) — Fellowship guide to child protection in small and remote communities. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and cultural saf (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Disaster, outbreak and public-health response for children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/disaster-outbreak-and-public-health-response-for-children) — Fellowship guide to disaster, outbreak and public-health response for children. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and cu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Environmental, occupational and agricultural child health](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/environmental-occupational-and-agricultural-child-health) — Fellowship guide to environmental, occupational and agricultural child health. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and cul (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Implementing culturally safe Indigenous care in rural and remote services](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/implementing-culturally-safe-indigenous-care-in-rural-and-remote-services) — Fellowship guide to implementing culturally safe indigenous care in rural and remote services. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Refugee, immigrant and humanitarian paediatrics](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/refugee-immigrant-and-humanitarian-paediatrics) — Fellowship guide to refugee, immigrant and humanitarian paediatrics. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and cultural safe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Remote prescribing and medication access](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/remote-prescribing-and-medication-access) — Fellowship guide to remote prescribing and medication access. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and cultural safety, doc (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Retrieval coordination and transfer risk](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/retrieval-coordination-and-transfer-risk) — Fellowship guide to retrieval coordination and transfer risk. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and cultural safety, doc (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Rural developmental, disability and mental-health care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/rural-developmental-disability-and-mental-health-care) — Fellowship guide to rural developmental, disability and mental-health care. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and cultur (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Rural general paediatric practice and scope](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/rural-general-paediatric-practice-and-scope) — Fellowship guide to rural general paediatric practice and scope. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and cultural safety, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Rural newborn and acute paediatric care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/rural-newborn-and-acute-paediatric-care) — Fellowship guide to rural newborn and acute paediatric care. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and cultural safety, docu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Stabilisation with limited paediatric resources](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/stabilisation-with-limited-paediatric-resources) — Fellowship guide to stabilisation with limited paediatric resources. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and cultural safe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Telepaediatrics and remote specialist support](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/topics/rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics/telepaediatrics-and-remote-specialist-support) — Fellowship guide to telepaediatrics and remote specialist support. Covers context-specific assessment, resource-aware pathways, escalation and retrieval, equity and cultural safety (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ## SAQs (829) ### acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology - [ABCDE assessment and stabilisation of the acutely ill child — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/abcde-assessment-and-stabilisation-of-the-acutely-ill-child) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on running the systematic ABCDE primary survey of an acutely ill child: treat-as-found stabilisation, age- and weight-appropriate oxy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Airway assessment and basic airway management: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/airway-assessment-and-basic-airway-management) — Short-answer questions on a child with a threatened airway, covering bedside airway assessment, positioning and adjunct selection, and two-person bag-valve-mask ventilation with es (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Altered conscious state in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/altered-conscious-state-in-children) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on the child with an altered conscious state: securing the airway and screening with AVPU and an age-adapted Glasgow Coma Scale, chec (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Burns assessment, resuscitation and safeguarding — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/burns-assessment-resuscitation-and-safeguarding) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on the burned child: cooling and the modified-Parkland fluid plan for a scalded school-age child, and recognition of the threatened a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Button-battery and magnet ingestion — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/button-battery-and-magnet-ingestion) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on the child with suspected button-battery or magnet ingestion: confirming ingestion and time, the two-hour endoscopic removal target (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Cardiogenic and obstructive shock: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cardiogenic-and-obstructive-shock) — Short-answer questions on paediatric cardiogenic and obstructive shock covering a post-cardiac surgical infant with tamponade, the recognition of Beck triad and pulsus paradoxus, t (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cardiorespiratory arrest and post-arrest care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cardiorespiratory-arrest-and-post-arrest-care) — Formative SAQs on recognising paediatric cardiorespiratory arrest, achieving return of spontaneous circulation with high-quality CPR, adrenaline and defibrillation, and running the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cardiotoxic and psychotropic medication poisoning — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cardiotoxic-and-psychotropic-medication-poisoning) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on the child or adolescent with cardiotoxic and psychotropic medication poisoning: reading the ECG and the toxidrome, giving hyperton (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Care after death, unexpected child death and family support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/care-after-death-unexpected-child-death-and-family-support) — Formative SAQs on the immediate care-after-death response, the coronial referral and certification rules, the SUDI multi-agency investigation, breaking bad news with SPIKES, and th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Difficult paediatric airway and emergency front-of-neck access — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/difficult-paediatric-airway-and-emergency-front-of-neck-access) — Formative SAQs on anticipating and recognising the difficult paediatric airway, the recognise-oxygenate-escalate-rescue sequence, supraglottic-airway rescue, and emergency front-of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Envenomation and marine bites — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/envenomation-and-marine-bites) — Two formative SAQs on envenomation and marine bites: the pressure-immobilisation first aid and snake antivenom dosing for an Australian elapid bite, and the marine sting syndrome d (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Fluid bolus therapy and vasoactive support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/fluid-bolus-therapy-and-vasoactive-support) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on fluid bolus therapy and vasoactive support in the shocked child: aliquot-based crystalloid resuscitation with reassessment after e (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Heat illness, hypothermia and environmental emergencies — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/heat-illness-hypothermia-and-environmental-emergencies) — Two formative SAQs on heat illness, hypothermia and environmental emergencies: the recognition and rapid cooling of exertional heat stroke, and the staging and management of accide (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Humane restraint and behavioural support in emergency care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/humane-restraint-and-behavioural-support-in-emergency-care) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on the child with acute behavioural disturbance in the emergency department: ensuring safety and treating medical causes first, leadi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Hydrocarbon, caustic and household chemical exposure — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hydrocarbon-caustic-and-household-chemical-exposure) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on paediatric household chemical exposure. SAQ 1 covers a hydrocarbon (lamp oil) ingestion: the aspiration risk, the contraindication (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Hypovolaemic and haemorrhagic shock — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hypovolaemic-and-haemorrhagic-shock) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on hypovolaemic and haemorrhagic shock in children: recognising compensated shock before hypotension, the bleeding-versus-non-bleedin (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Initial stabilisation of major paediatric head injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/initial-stabilisation-of-major-paediatric-head-injury) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on the initial stabilisation of a child with major traumatic brain injury: the neuroprotective primary survey with cervical spine con (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Iron, salicylate and toxic alcohol poisoning — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/iron-salicylate-and-toxic-alcohol-poisoning) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on the child who has ingested iron, salicylate or a toxic alcohol: reading the shared high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis and the poiso (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Major trauma and paediatric trauma systems — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/major-trauma-and-paediatric-trauma-systems) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on managing an injured child within a trauma system: a team-led trauma primary survey that controls catastrophic haemorrhage first, w (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Mechanical ventilation principles in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/mechanical-ventilation-principles-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric mechanical ventilation: the child with severe paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome and the lung-protective settings, and the ventilated c (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Oesophageal and gastrointestinal foreign-body ingestion — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/oesophageal-and-gastrointestinal-foreign-body-ingestion) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on paediatric foreign-body ingestion: emergency recognition and two-hour endoscopy for an oesophageal button battery, radiographic di (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Opioid, sedative and recreational-drug toxicity — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/opioid-sedative-and-recreational-drug-toxicity) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on paediatric opioid, sedative and recreational-drug toxicity: recognising the toxidrome, leading the ABCDE primary survey with oxyge (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Oxygen, high-flow and non-invasive respiratory support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/oxygen-high-flow-and-non-invasive-respiratory-support) — Formative SAQs on selecting, dosing and escalating oxygen and non-invasive respiratory support in children. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paediatric basic and advanced life support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paediatric-basic-and-advanced-life-support) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric basic and advanced life support: the BLS sequence and high-quality CPR, and the ALS loop with defibrillation, adrenaline, reversible causes and pos (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paracetamol poisoning — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paracetamol-poisoning) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on paediatric paracetamol poisoning: using the Rumack-Matthew nomogram for a single acute ingestion with a known time, giving activat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Poisoned child: structured assessment and decontamination — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/poisoned-child-structured-assessment-and-decontamination) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on the poisoned child: resuscitation before decontamination, taking the four-question ingestion history and reading the toxidrome, ca (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Rapid sequence intubation in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/rapid-sequence-intubation-in-children) — Formative SAQs on preparing for and performing rapid sequence intubation in children, including drug selection, tube sizing and the management of complications. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Retrieval, transport and interfacility stabilisation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/retrieval-transport-and-interfacility-stabilisation) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on moving a critically ill child between facilities: bringing intensive care to the child before departure, completing the airway, br (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Septic shock resuscitation and vasoactive support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/septic-shock-resuscitation-and-vasoactive-support) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on resuscitating paediatric septic shock: recognising shock from the whole circulation, the first-hour bundle of reassessed fluid ali (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Shock in children: physiology and classification — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/shock-in-children-physiology-and-classification) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on the physiology and classification of shock in children: recognising compensated shock from the whole child and the trend, grading (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Submersion injury and hypothermia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/submersion-injury-and-hypothermia) — Two formative SAQs on submersion injury and hypothermia: the rescue-breath-first resuscitation and Szpilman severity, and the hypothermic submersion cardiac arrest with staging, re (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine - [Adolescent chronic pain and functional symptoms — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adolescent-chronic-pain-and-functional-symptoms) — Two formative short-answer questions on adolescent chronic pain and functional symptoms: biopsychosocial assessment, red-flag screening once, function-first interdisciplinary manag (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent consent for research and sensitive services — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adolescent-consent-for-research-and-sensitive-services) — Two formative short-answer questions on adolescent consent for research enrolment and for sensitive clinical services, including assent and parental permission, waiver of parental (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent consultation, HEEADSSS and confidentiality — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adolescent-consultation-heeadsss-assessment-and-confidentiality) — Two formative short-answer questions on running an adolescent consultation: time alone and conditional confidentiality, structured HEEADSSS, validated screens, and same-visit actio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent health care for young people in out-of-home care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adolescent-health-care-for-young-people-in-out-of-home-care) — Two formative short-answer questions on the entry-to-care health assessment, the toxic-stress mechanism, consent authority, conditional confidentiality, and transition for care-exp (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent health in rural and remote settings — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adolescent-health-in-rural-and-remote-settings) — Two formative short-answer questions on the rural adolescent access gap, its mechanism, a rural-optimised HEEADSSS, and the tiered service model with early retrieval activation. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent pregnancy and parenting — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adolescent-pregnancy-and-parenting) — Two formative short-answer questions on adolescent pregnancy confirmation, options counselling, antenatal coordination, postpartum contraception and safeguarding. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent risk assessment and harm minimisation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adolescent-risk-assessment-and-harm-minimisation) — Two formative short-answer questions on cross-domain adolescent risk assessment, validated screening, suicide safety, and a domain-specific harm-reduction bundle. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent sexual health and contraception — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adolescent-sexual-health-and-contraception) — Two formative short-answer questions on confidential adolescent contraceptive counselling, the 5 Ps, LARC-first method choice, dual protection, emergency contraception and a safety (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent substance-use screening, brief intervention and harm reduction — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adolescent-substance-use-screening-brief-intervention-and-harm-reduction) — Two formative short-answer questions on universal substance-use screening (S2BI/CRAFFT), motivational-interviewing brief intervention, the fentanyl-era opioid harm-reduction bundle (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Chronic disease self-management in young people — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/chronic-disease-self-management-in-young-people) — Two formative short-answer questions on chronic-disease self-management in young people: assessing adherence and transition readiness objectively, and building a stepwise self-mana (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Consent and confidential care for adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/consent-and-confidential-care-for-adolescents) — Two formative short-answer questions on adolescent informed consent, decision-making capacity, conditional confidentiality and lawful override. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Digital media, gaming and cyberbullying — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/digital-media-gaming-and-cyberbullying) — Two formative short-answer questions on classifying digital-media risk, cyberbullying and suicidality, and assembling a domain-specific harm-reduction bundle with a safeguarding ex (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Dysmenorrhoea and heavy menstrual bleeding — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/dysmenorrhoea-and-heavy-menstrual-bleeding) — Two formative SAQs on dysmenorrhoea and heavy menstrual bleeding in the adolescent: the primary-vs-secondary dysmenorrhoea assessment and the NSAID-to-hormonal ladder, and the heav (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Eating disorders: recognition and medical instability — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/eating-disorders-recognition-and-medical-instability) — Two formative short-answer questions on recognising an eating disorder, applying SCOFF, quantifying medical instability, and identifying the red flags that mandate admission. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Eating disorders: refeeding and multidisciplinary care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/eating-disorders-refeeding-and-multidisciplinary-care) — Two formative short-answer questions on refeeding-syndrome risk stratification, micronutrient and electrolyte management, higher-calorie refeeding evidence, family-based treatment (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Gender diversity and gender-affirming paediatric care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/gender-diversity-and-gender-affirming-paediatric-care) — Two formative short-answer questions on the staged, reversible-first gender-affirming pathway, the minority-stress model, conversion-effort prohibition, and bone-health and fertili (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Medication adherence and treatment fatigue — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/medication-adherence-and-treatment-fatigue) — Two formative short-answer questions on adolescent medication adherence assessment, treatment fatigue, multimodal measurement, and a tailored, non-judgemental adherence-promotion p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Menstrual disorders in adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/menstrual-disorders-in-adolescents) — Two formative short-answer questions on adolescent menstrual disorders: classification of abnormal uterine bleeding, the heavy menstrual bleeding work-up, and stepwise management. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Normal puberty and adolescent development — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/normal-puberty-and-adolescent-development) — Two formative short-answer questions on normal pubertal staging, sequence, timing, normal variants and the referral thresholds for abnormal puberty. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Obesity and body-image concerns in adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/obesity-and-body-image-concerns-in-adolescents) — Two formative short-answer questions on adolescent obesity classification with comorbidity screening, body-image and disordered-eating assessment, and staged weight-neutral managem (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-in-adolescents) — Two formative short-answer questions on adolescent PCOS diagnosis with developmental modification, mimic exclusion, lifestyle-first management and metabolic screening. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [School refusal, bullying and social exclusion — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/school-refusal-bullying-and-social-exclusion) — Formative SAQs on overlapping school refusal, bullying victimisation and social exclusion: Kearney functional analysis adapted to adolescence, bully-role assessment, suicide risk, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sexual orientation, identity and inclusive care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/sexual-orientation-identity-and-inclusive-care) — Two formative short-answer questions on affirming history-taking, the minority-stress model, behaviour-based screening, confidentiality, family acceptance and the harms of sexual o (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sexually transmitted infection screening and management — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/sexually-transmitted-infection-screening-and-management) — Two formative short-answer questions on confidential adolescent STI screening, risk- and anatomy-based testing, treatment with pregnancy-aware dosing, partner services and rescreen (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sleep, fatigue and circadian disorders in adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/sleep-fatigue-and-circadian-disorders-in-adolescents) — Two formative short-answer questions on adolescent sleep physiology, the differential of the tired teenager, and the stepped-care management of insufficient sleep, insomnia and del (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Tobacco, vaping and nicotine dependence — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/tobacco-vaping-and-nicotine-dependence) — Two formative short-answer questions on adolescent nicotine dependence assessment, EVALI recognition, evidence-based cessation pharmacotherapy and follow-up. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Transition readiness and transfer from paediatric to adult health services — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/transition-readiness-and-transfer-from-paediatric-to-adult-health-services) — Formative SAQs on structured transition planning, readiness assessment, the transfer package and rescue of the lost young adult. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Youth violence, risky behaviour and injury prevention — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/youth-violence-risky-behaviour-and-injury-prevention) — Two formative short-answer questions on the public-health approach to youth violence and injury prevention, private screening, prevention tiering, lethal-means counselling, and imm (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### allergy-and-immunology - [Allergic disease in children: integrated approach: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/allergic-disease-in-children-integrated-approach) — Short-answer questions on the integrated allergic child covering the shared Th2 mechanism and atopic march, IgE versus non-IgE classification, the anaphylaxis diagnosis and the int (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis — short-answer questions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/allergic-rhinitis-and-rhinoconjunctivitis) — Two short-answer questions on the ARIA classification, IgE pathophysiology and stepwise management of allergic rhinitis in a school-aged child. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Anaphylaxis prevention, action plans and autoinjectors — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/anaphylaxis-prevention-action-plans-and-autoinjectors) — Formative SAQs on the community anaphylaxis prevention package: the prevention prescription written after a first anaphylactic reaction in a school-age child (the two ASCIA plans, (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Anaphylaxis: recognition and emergency management — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/anaphylaxis-recognition-and-emergency-management) — Formative SAQs on anaphylaxis: the stepwise emergency management of a four-year-old with peanut anaphylaxis (recognition, IM adrenaline dose and site, adjuncts, observation, discha (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Antibody deficiencies — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/antibody-deficiencies) — Formative SAQs on recognising the recurrent-infection pattern that earns an immunoglobulin work-up, interpreting the work-up functionally, classifying the defect, and deciding who (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march — short-answer questions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/atopic-dermatitis-and-the-atopic-march) — Two short-answer questions on the diagnostic criteria, barrier-and-Th2 pathophysiology and stepwise management of atopic dermatitis in an infant, with the atopic march. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Complement deficiencies — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/complement-deficiencies) — Formative SAQs on recognising the three clinical fingerprints that earn a complement work-up, screening with CH50 and AP50 rather than a lone C3/C4, localising the block to a pathw (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Cow's-milk protein allergy — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cows-milk-protein-allergy) — Formative SAQs on the phenotyping, clinical diagnosis, and stepwise management of cow's-milk protein allergy in infants. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Drug allergy and delabelling in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/drug-allergy-and-delabelling-in-children) — Formative SAQs on drug allergy and delabelling in children. SAQ 1 covers the stepwise evaluation and delabelling of a child with a low-risk penicillin-allergy label, including stru (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP Allergy and Clinical Immunology,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Egg, wheat, soy, fish and shellfish allergy: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/egg-wheat-soy-fish-and-shellfish-allergy) — Short-answer questions on paediatric egg, wheat, soy, fish and shellfish allergy covering the signature allergen proteins, IgE versus non-IgE mechanisms, skin-prick and specific-Ig (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Food allergy diagnosis and oral food challenge — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/food-allergy-diagnosis-and-oral-food-challenge) — Formative SAQs on the diagnostic approach to food allergy: structured reaction history, interpretation of SPT and specific IgE thresholds, component-resolved diagnostics, oral food (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Food allergy management and prevention — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/food-allergy-management-and-prevention) — Two formative short-answer questions on managing a confirmed food-allergy reaction and on early-allergen-introduction prevention in a high-risk infant. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Immune dysregulation, lymphoproliferation and autoinflammatory disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/immune-dysregulation-lymphoproliferation-and-autoinflammatory-disease) — Formative SAQs on recognising the mechanism, clearing the HLH/MAS threat gate, and choosing pathway-targeted therapy for monogenic immune dysregulation, lymphoproliferation and aut (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Immunoglobulin replacement and antimicrobial prophylaxis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/immunoglobulin-replacement-and-antimicrobial-prophylaxis) — Formative SAQs on confirming the indication for immunoglobulin replacement, choosing the route around the family and the trough goal, dosing to outcome, and layering antimicrobial (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Insect-sting hypersensitivity — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/insect-sting-hypersensitivity) — Formative SAQs on insect-sting (Hymenoptera venom) hypersensitivity: the stepwise management of a nine-year-old with systemic wasp-sting anaphylaxis (recognition, IM adrenaline dos (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Latex allergy — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/latex-allergy) — Two formative short-answer questions on recognising and managing intraoperative latex anaphylaxis in a high-risk child, and on component-resolved diagnostics in latex allergy. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Oral allergy syndrome and pollen-food syndrome — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/oral-allergy-syndrome-and-pollen-food-syndrome) — Two formative short-answer questions on recognising and risk-stratifying pollen-food allergy syndrome, and on the lipid-transfer-protein systemic-risk phenotype. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Peanut, tree-nut and seed allergy — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/peanut-tree-nut-and-seed-allergy) — Formative SAQs on IgE-mediated nut and seed allergy: anaphylaxis recognition and adrenaline dosing, the LEAP prevention evidence, component-resolved diagnostics, and cashew and ses (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Phagocyte disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/phagocyte-disorders) — Formative SAQs on phagocyte disorders: the diagnosis and stepwise management of a child presenting with recurrent abscess-forming infection and granulomatous colitis (chronic granu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Primary immunodeficiency: warning signs and diagnostic approach — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/primary-immunodeficiency-warning-signs-and-diagnostic-approach) — Formative SAQs on primary immunodeficiency: the tiered diagnostic workup and SCID urgent pathway for an infant with failure to thrive and lymphopenia (warning signs, first- and sec (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Secondary immunodeficiency — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/secondary-immunodeficiency) — Formative SAQs on recognising secondary immunodeficiency, sorting the cause into the six mechanism-based categories, linking cause to immune arm to organism to prophylaxis, applyin (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Serum sickness and serum-sickness-like reactions — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/serum-sickness-and-serum-sickness-like-reactions) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on serum sickness and serum-sickness-like reactions: (1) a four-year-old with rash, fever and stiff knees eight days after a cefaclor (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [T-cell and combined immunodeficiencies — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/t-cell-and-combined-immunodeficiencies) — Formative SAQs on T-cell and combined immunodeficiencies: the stepwise management of an infant referred after a low TREC newborn screen (confirmation by flow cytometry, protection (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Urticaria and angioedema — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/urticaria-and-angioedema) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on urticaria and angioedema: (1) a school-age child with daily wheals for eight weeks — chronic spontaneous urticaria, the stepwise l (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Vaccination of immunocompromised children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/vaccination-of-immunocompromised-children) — Formative SAQs on classifying the immune defect, sorting each vaccine into live-attenuated versus inactivated, timing doses to the intensity of immunosuppression, and verifying ser (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-12) ### cardiology - [Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-rheumatic-fever-and-rheumatic-heart-disease) — Formative SAQs on acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: applying the revised Jones criteria, recognising subclinical carditis on echocardiography, confirming the strep (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Adult congenital heart disease transition — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adult-congenital-heart-disease-transition) — Formative SAQs on the transition of the adolescent with congenital heart disease to adult ACHD care: the structured transition process and readiness assessment, the complexity-base (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Aortic and pulmonary stenosis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/aortic-and-pulmonary-stenosis) — Formative SAQs on aortic and pulmonary stenosis: classifying the obstruction by anatomic level, grading severity by echo peak gradient, recognising the duct-dependent critical neon (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/atrial-septal-defect-and-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return) — Formative SAQs on atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return: recognising the wide fixed split second heart sound, confirming and quantifying the shunt with (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Atrioventricular septal defect — short-answer question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/atrioventricular-septal-defect) — Short-answer question on the anatomy, classification, ECG, and timing of surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect, with the Down syndrome association. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Bradyarrhythmias, heart block and pacing — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/bradyarrhythmias-heart-block-and-pacing) — Formative SAQs on paediatric bradyarrhythmias, atrioventricular block and pacing: the ECG classification of AV block and the Mobitz I versus Mobitz II distinction, congenital compl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiac transplantation and ventricular assist devices — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cardiac-transplantation-and-ventricular-assist-devices) — Two formative SAQs on advanced paediatric heart failure: the infant with a dilated cardiomyopathy who becomes refractory to medical therapy and is bridged with a Berlin Heart EXCOR (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiogenic shock and mechanical circulatory support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cardiogenic-shock-and-mechanical-circulatory-support) — Two formative SAQs on cardiogenic shock and mechanical circulatory support in children: the school-age child who presents three days after a viral illness in compensated then decom (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiomyopathies in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cardiomyopathies-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric cardiomyopathy: the adolescent with exertional syncope and a family history of sudden death (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden-death risk stra (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiovascular examination and murmur assessment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cardiovascular-examination-and-murmur-assessment) — Formative SAQs on performing the systematic paediatric cardiovascular examination, recognising the innocent murmur fingerprint and the departures that mark a murmur as pathological (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Coarctation and interrupted aortic arch — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/coarctation-and-interrupted-aortic-arch) — Two formative SAQs on coarctation of the aorta and interrupted aortic arch in children: the neonate who collapses on day three of life with weak femoral pulses and metabolic acidos (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Congenital coronary anomalies and ALCAPA — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-coronary-anomalies-and-anomalous-left-coronary-artery) — Formative SAQs on congenital coronary anomalies: the recognition and pathophysiology of ALCAPA in the two- to three-month-old infant, the echocardiographic definition of coronary o (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cyanotic newborn and critical congenital heart disease screening — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cyanotic-newborn-and-critical-congenital-heart-disease-screening) — Formative SAQs on the cyanotic newborn and critical congenital heart disease screening: applying the pulse-oximetry thresholds, starting prostaglandin E1 before the echocardiogram, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Duct-dependent congenital heart disease: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/duct-dependent-congenital-heart-disease-recognition-and-stabilisation) — Short-answer questions on duct-dependent congenital heart disease covering a neonate presenting with cyanosis and shock on day 3 of life, including the two-pathway classification, (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/ebstein-anomaly-and-tricuspid-valve-disease) — Two formative SAQs on Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve disease in children: the severely cyanosed neonate with a wall-to-wall heart, functional pulmonary atresia and metabolic a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Exercise evaluation and sports participation in heart disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/exercise-evaluation-and-sports-participation-in-heart-disease) — Formative SAQs on exercise evaluation and sports participation in heart disease: the red-flag exertional history and the 12-lead ECG, the Mitchell dynamic x static sport classifica (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Heart failure in infants and children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/heart-failure-in-infants-and-children) — Two formative SAQs on heart failure in children: the six-week-old infant presenting in overcirculation from a left-to-right shunt, and the adolescent with acute myocarditis progres (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypertension in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hypertension-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on hypertension in children: a six-year-old with stage 2 hypertension and abnormal urinalysis found at a school health check, testing the secondary-cause work-up (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypoplastic left heart syndrome — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hypoplastic-left-heart-syndrome) — Two formative SAQs on hypoplastic left heart syndrome: the neonate who collapses on day three of life with uniformly weak pulses and metabolic acidosis, testing the prostaglandin-E (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Infective endocarditis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/infective-endocarditis) — Two formative SAQs on infective endocarditis in children: a nine-year-old with repaired tetralogy of Fallot who presents with two weeks of fever, a new murmur and viridans streptoc (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Innocent murmurs and normal paediatric cardiovascular variants — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/innocent-murmurs-and-normal-paediatric-cardiovascular-variants) — Formative short-answer questions on recognising innocent murmurs and excluding pathology. (exams=RACP DWE,RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Kawasaki disease and coronary complications — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/kawasaki-disease-and-coronary-complications) — Formative SAQs on Kawasaki disease and its coronary complications: the clinical diagnostic criteria and the concept of incomplete disease, the ten-day IVIG and aspirin window and i (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Long-QT syndrome and channelopathies — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/long-qt-syndrome-and-channelopathies) — Formative SAQs on long-QT syndrome and channelopathies: the genotype-specific triggers, the Schwartz diagnostic score and manual QTc measurement, the beta-blocker-first management (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Myocarditis and pericarditis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/myocarditis-and-pericarditis) — Two formative SAQs on acquired inflammatory heart disease in children: the school-age child who presents a week after a viral illness with chest pain, a raised troponin and ventric (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Patent ductus arteriosus — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/patent-ductus-arteriosus) — Two formative SAQs on the congenital patent ductus arteriosus: the pathophysiology and clinical assessment of the persistent duct, and the observe-transcatheter-surgical management (exams=RACP Advanced Paediatrics & Child Health,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP Pediatric Cardiology; updated=2026-07-13) - [Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome) — Two formative SAQs on postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in young people: a 15-year-old girl with four months of daily orthostatic symptoms meeting POTS criteria, testing th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Pulmonary hypertension in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pulmonary-hypertension-in-children) — Formative SAQs on pulmonary hypertension in children: the haemodynamic definition and WHO classification, the echocardiographic and catheter-based diagnosis, the risk-stratified co (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Supraventricular tachycardia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/supraventricular-tachycardia) — Formative SAQs on paediatric supraventricular tachycardia: recognition of the pale irritable infant, the acute termination ladder, the ECG interpretation including AVNRT pseudo R-p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Syncope and orthostatic intolerance — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/syncope-and-orthostatic-intolerance) — Two formative SAQs on syncope and orthostatic intolerance in children and adolescents: the adolescent who collapses during a school sprint with no prodrome and a family history of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Tetralogy of Fallot — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/tetralogy-of-fallot) — Formative SAQs on tetralogy of Fallot: the four features and their embryologic unity, the hypercyanotic tet spell and its emergency management, the echo-to-MRI diagnostic strategy, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection) — Formative SAQs on total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: the obstructed neonatal presentation as a surgical emergency, the Darling classification, the echocardiographic diagn (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Transposition of the great arteries — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/transposition-of-the-great-arteries) — Formative SAQs on transposition of the great arteries: recognising the parallel-circulation problem in the 'comfortably blue' neonate, the resuscitation trio of prostaglandin E1, b (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Truncus arteriosus and single-ventricle physiology — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/truncus-arteriosus-and-single-ventricle-physiology) — Two formative SAQs on truncus arteriosus and single-ventricle physiology. The first tests the neonate who is mildly cyanotic then develops high-output heart failure as pulmonary va (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/ventricular-arrhythmias-and-sudden-cardiac-death) — Formative SAQs on ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in children: the rhythm classification and four SCD cause families, the acute resuscitation of pulseless VT and V (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ventricular septal defect — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/ventricular-septal-defect) — Two formative SAQs on ventricular septal defect: the infant presenting in heart failure from overcirculation at six weeks, and the adolescent with a large unrepaired VSD and Eisenm (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) ### child-safety-and-social-paediatrics - [Abusive head trauma — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/abusive-head-trauma) — Formative SAQs on recognising abusive head trauma, building the probability of inflicted injury, the imaging and skeletal-survey workup, safeguarding from minute zero, and the medi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Caregiver-fabricated or induced illness — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/caregiver-fabricated-or-induced-illness) — Formative SAQs on recognising caregiver-fabricated or induced illness, the child-centred definition that replaced Munchausen syndrome by proxy, the RCPCH alerting features, the thr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Child maltreatment recognition and response — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/child-maltreatment-recognition-and-response) — Formative SAQs on the recognition-to-response bundle for a sentinel injury and the workup for suspected abusive head trauma, including the TEN-4-FBCP rule, the skeletal-survey stan (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Child sexual abuse and assault assessment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/child-sexual-abuse-and-assault-assessment) — Two formative short-answer questions on the tempo of the child sexual abuse assessment, the ano-genital examination and finding interpretation, and the acute assault management bun (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Children in out-of-home care and foster care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/children-in-out-of-home-care-and-foster-care) — Two formative short-answer questions on the entry-to-care health assessment, the toxic-stress mechanism, consent authority, conditional confidentiality, attachment and developmenta (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Expert reports and court evidence in child protection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/expert-reports-and-court-evidence-in-child-protection) — Two formative SAQs on expert reports and court evidence in child protection: the witness-of-fact versus expert-witness distinction, the structure of a defensible expert report, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Female genital mutilation or cutting — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/female-genital-mutilation-or-cutting) — Two formative short-answer questions on the WHO classification and safeguarding response to FGM, and the acute management of complications and the deinfibulation pathway for Type I (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Homelessness and housing instability — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/homelessness-and-housing-instability) — Two formative SAQs on homelessness and housing instability as a paediatric health problem: the housing continuum and the vital-sign screening principle, the five domains of cluster (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Inflicted abdominal and thoracic injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/inflicted-abdominal-and-thoracic-injury) — Formative SAQs on recognising high-specificity inflicted trunk injury, the AST/ALT and lipase occult-injury screen, mandatory skeletal survey, and concurrent trauma-and-safeguardin (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Inflicted burns and scalds — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/inflicted-burns-and-scalds) — Formative SAQs on pattern-based recognition of inflicted burns and scalds, the BuRN-Tool decision rule, co-existing injury assessment, the mandatory safeguarding pathway, and prima (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Inflicted fractures and other non-accidental musculoskeletal injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/inflicted-fractures-and-other-non-accidental-musculoskeletal-injury) — Two formative SAQs on the high-specificity fracture patterns for abuse, the shearing biomechanics of the classic metaphyseal lesion, the mandatory skeletal-survey protocol with the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Intimate partner violence and its impact on children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/intimate-partner-violence-and-its-impact-on-children) — Formative SAQs on recognising IPV exposure in children, the toxic-stress mechanism and co-occurrence with maltreatment, trauma-informed assessment and screening, the parallel safet (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Intra-oral injury and occult trauma — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/intra-oral-injury-and-occult-trauma) — Formative SAQs on recognising inflicted intra-oral injury as a sentinel sign, applying the TEN-4 FACES-B bruising rule, screening for occult trauma (skeletal survey, neuroimaging, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Kinship care, adoption and permanency health assessments — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/kinship-care-adoption-and-permanency-health-assessments) — Two formative SAQs on the health assessment of children in out-of-home care: the staged assessment schedule, consent and guardianship, developmental-trauma mechanism, the Aborigina (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Mandatory reporting and jurisdictional child-protection frameworks — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/mandatory-reporting-and-jurisdictional-child-protection-frameworks) — Two formative SAQs on mandatory reporting and jurisdictional child-protection frameworks: the reasonable-belief threshold, jurisdictional variation in reporting obligations, barrie (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Medical neglect and refusal of care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/medical-neglect-and-refusal-of-care) — Two formative SAQs on the omission-versus-rejection definitions, the Diekema harm-principle threshold, the four classic refusal scenarios (vaccines, vitamin K, Jehovah's Witness bl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Multidisciplinary child-protection case conference — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/multidisciplinary-child-protection-case-conference) — Two formative SAQs on the multidisciplinary child-protection case conference: the statutory purpose and conference types, the paediatrician's preparation and written report, inform (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neglect and supervisory neglect — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neglect-and-supervisory-neglect) — Two formative SAQs on the omission-versus-commission definition, the six neglect domains, the supervision-and-injury evidence of Saluja and Morrongiello, separating neglect from po (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Online sexual exploitation and image-based abuse — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/online-sexual-exploitation-and-image-based-abuse) — Formative SAQs on recognising online sexual exploitation and image-based abuse, the grooming-to-sextortion mechanism, acute-suicide-risk-first assessment, evidence preservation, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Perplexing presentations and diagnostic uncertainty — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/perplexing-presentations-and-diagnostic-uncertainty) — Formative SAQs on the child whose reported symptoms do not fit any recognised disease: the RCPCH three-level escalation, the three-limb parallel differential, the judicious investi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Photodocumentation and medicolegal evidence — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/photodocumentation-and-medicolegal-evidence) — Two formative short-answer questions on injury photodocumentation, the three-shot rule, chain-of-custody storage, the fact-versus-opinion distinction, and court-statement preparati (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Physical abuse: bruising and sentinel injuries — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/physical-abuse-bruising-and-sentinel-injuries) — Two formative short-answer questions on inflicted bruising, the TEN-4 FACES-L rule, sentinel injuries, the bleeding-disorder differential and the safeguarding pathway. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Poisoning as maltreatment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/poisoning-as-maltreatment) — Formative SAQs on recognising poisoning as maltreatment, Rosenberg's triad, the bizarre recurrent toxidrome, the toxicology and separation workup, the stepped safeguarding pathway, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Poverty, food insecurity and social prescribing — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/poverty-food-insecurity-and-social-prescribing) — Two formative short-answer questions on the toxic-stress mechanism of material deprivation, the Hunger Vital Sign and social-needs screening, the five-step social-prescribing pathw (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Prevention of child maltreatment and family support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/prevention-of-child-maltreatment-and-family-support) — Formative SAQs on the stepped prevention and family-support pathway and the evidence base for preventing child maltreatment, including the Nurse-Family Partnership, the Triple P po (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Psychological and emotional abuse — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/psychological-and-emotional-abuse) — Two formative short-answer questions on psychological and emotional abuse: Glaser's conceptual framework and the APSAC categories, the toxic-stress cascade and ACE dose-response me (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Refugee, asylum-seeking and newly arrived children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/refugee-asylum-seeking-and-newly-arrived-children) — Two formative short-answer questions on the on-arrival health assessment, the screening bundle, guardianship and consent, the interpreter rule, the forced-displacement toxic-stress (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sexually transmitted infections and child sexual abuse — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/sexually-transmitted-infections-and-child-sexual-abuse) — Two formative short-answer questions on interpreting an STI as graded evidence of sexual contact in a child, the trauma-informed forensic evaluation, the evidence window, and HIV p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Strangulation, suffocation and asphyxial injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/strangulation-suffocation-and-asphyxial-injury) — Formative SAQs on recognising and classifying strangulation, suffocation and asphyxial injury; the infant-vulnerability anatomy and the petechial-haemorrhage reality check; resusci (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Trafficking, exploitation and forced marriage — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/trafficking-exploitation-and-forced-marriage) — Two formative SAQs on trafficking, exploitation and forced marriage: recognising the hidden presentation of commercial sexual exploitation and the stepwise trauma-informed response (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Trauma-informed examination and forensic documentation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/trauma-informed-examination-and-forensic-documentation) — Two formative short-answer questions on the trauma-informed approach to the medical examination of a child who may have been maltreated, the meaning of a normal examination, and th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Youth justice and detained young people — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/youth-justice-and-detained-young-people) — Two formative SAQs on the health of justice-involved and detained young people: the equivalence-of-care principle, the entry-screening pathway, the clustered health needs (mental i (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### clinical-assessment-and-reasoning - [Age-specific normal vital signs and physiological ranges — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/age-specific-normal-vital-signs-and-physiological-ranges) — Formative SAQs. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Care of children with medical complexity and technology dependence — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/care-of-children-with-medical-complexity-and-technology-dependence) — Two formative short-answer questions on CMC definition, technology-dependent deterioration, emergency planning, care coordination and caregiver support. Marks and timing support se (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Clinical reasoning, problem representation and differential diagnosis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/clinical-reasoning-problem-representation-and-differential-diagnosis) — Two formative short-answer questions on paediatric problem representation, threat-first differentials, cognitive traps and residual-risk handover. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Continuity of care and the paediatric medical home — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/continuity-of-care-and-the-paediatric-medical-home) — Two formative short-answer questions on continuity domains, medical-home care coordination, loop closure and transition. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental surveillance and milestone assessment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/developmental-surveillance-and-milestone-assessment) — Formative SAQs on surveillance, screening and referral. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Diagnostic test selection and Bayesian reasoning in paediatrics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/diagnostic-test-selection-and-bayesian-reasoning-in-paediatrics) — Two formative short-answer questions on pre-test probability, likelihood ratios, residual risk after results, and selective paediatric testing. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Failure to thrive and faltering growth: diagnostic approach — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/failure-to-thrive-and-faltering-growth-diagnostic-approach) — Formative SAQs on faltering growth diagnostic approach. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Fatigue and lethargy in children and adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/fatigue-and-lethargy-in-children-and-adolescents) — Formative SAQs on paediatric fatigue and lethargy diagnostic approach. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Growth measurement, charting and interpretation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/growth-measurement-charting-and-interpretation) — Formative SAQs. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Handover, referral and consultation in paediatrics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/handover-referral-and-consultation-in-paediatrics) — Two formative short-answer questions on I-PASS handoff, ISBAR referral, residual risk and equity-safe communication. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Illness severity, deterioration and track-and-trigger systems — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/illness-severity-deterioration-and-track-and-trigger-systems) — Two formative short-answer questions on paediatric PEWS interpretation, escalation, EPOCH evidence, caregiver concern and rapid-response system design. Marks and timing support sel (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Incidental findings and overdiagnosis in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/incidental-findings-and-overdiagnosis-in-children) — Two formative short-answer questions on paediatric incidental findings, overdiagnosis definitions, cascade control, continuous monitoring and residual-risk communication. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Interpreting common paediatric laboratory reference ranges — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/interpreting-common-paediatric-laboratory-reference-ranges) — Formative SAQs on age-aware paediatric laboratory interpretation, threshold types and critical-value safety. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Lymphadenopathy and organomegaly: diagnostic approach — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/lymphadenopathy-and-organomegaly-diagnostic-approach) — Formative SAQs on lymphadenopathy and organomegaly diagnostic approach. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Medication reconciliation and polypharmacy in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/medication-reconciliation-and-polypharmacy-in-children) — Two formative short-answer questions on BPMH, discrepancy classification, CMC polypharmacy and discharge teaching. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Multimorbidity and diagnostic overshadowing in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/multimorbidity-and-diagnostic-overshadowing-in-children) — Two formative short-answer questions on paediatric multimorbidity framing, diagnostic overshadowing, threat-first differentials, polypharmacy safety and residual-risk communication (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Oedema in children: diagnostic approach — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/oedema-in-children-diagnostic-approach) — Formative SAQs on paediatric oedema diagnostic approach. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Paediatric history and age-adapted consultation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paediatric-history-and-age-adapted-consultation) — Two formative short-answer questions on age-adapted paediatric history, confidential adolescent interviewing, interpreters, teach-back and safety-netting. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Pallor in children: diagnostic approach — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pallor-in-children-diagnostic-approach) — Formative SAQs on paediatric pallor diagnostic approach. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Poor feeding in infants and children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/poor-feeding-in-infants-and-children) — Two formative short-answer questions on threat-first assessment of neonatal poor feeding and stepwise multidisciplinary care of chronic pediatric feeding disorder. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Recognising the seriously ill child and paediatric assessment triangle — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/recognising-the-seriously-ill-child-and-paediatric-assessment-triangle) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on recognising a seriously ill child, starting age-adapted ABCDE care, reassessing response, using caregiver-reported baseline change (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-10) - [Safe disposition, escalation, referral and safety-netting — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/safe-disposition-escalation-referral-and-safety-netting) — Two formative short-answer questions on capability-matched disposition, I-PASS handover, caregiver concern, safety-netting content/delivery and retrieval. Marks and timing support (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Shared-care planning across primary, secondary and tertiary care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/shared-care-planning-across-primary-secondary-and-tertiary-care) — Two formative short-answer questions on shared-care models, closed-loop co-management, parent intermediaries and multi-level disposition. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Structured physical examination from newborn to adolescent — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/structured-physical-examination-from-newborn-to-adolescent) — Two formative short-answer questions on age-adapted paediatric physical examination sequencing, newborn screening manoeuvres, measurement technique, safeguarding skin findings and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Telehealth assessment and remote examination of children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/telehealth-assessment-and-remote-examination-of-children) — Two formative short-answer questions on paediatric telehealth suitability, remote examination limits, stewardship, EMS activation and safety-netting. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Weight loss in children and adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/weight-loss-in-children-and-adolescents) — Formative SAQs on paediatric and adolescent weight-loss assessment. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) ### clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics - [Adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adverse-drug-reactions-and-pharmacovigilance) — Two formative short-answer questions on ADR classification, causality assessment, and the management and reporting of a suspected severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction in a child. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Analgesics and antipyretics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/analgesics-and-antipyretics) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on paediatric analgesics and antipyretics: the weight-based calculation of a paracetamol and ibuprofen dose with the adult ceiling, t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Cardiovascular medicines in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cardiovascular-medicines-in-children) — Formative SAQs on cardiovascular medicines in children: designing a prostaglandin E1 resuscitative plan for a duct-dependent neonate, and building the stepwise pharmacological mana (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chemotherapy and supportive pharmacology — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/chemotherapy-and-supportive-pharmacology) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on chemotherapy and supportive pharmacology in children: dexrazoxane cardioprotection for the high-cumulative-dose anthracycline chil (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Complementary, alternative and traditional medicines — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/complementary-alternative-and-traditional-medicines) — Two formative SAQs on complementary, alternative and traditional medicines in children: the five CAM domains and why most use is undisclosed, the four pathways to harm (heavy-metal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Corticosteroid therapy and adverse effects — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/corticosteroid-therapy-and-adverse-effects) — Formative SAQs on corticosteroid therapy in children: designing the dose and weaning plan for a child on long-term prednisolone for nephrotic syndrome, and recognising and managing (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Developmental pharmacology and age-related pharmacokinetics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/developmental-pharmacology-and-age-related-pharmacokinetics) — Two formative SAQs on developmental pharmacology: ADME ontogeny in the neonate and the management of a school-age child with subtherapeutic anti-epileptic levels. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Drug interactions and medication reconciliation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/drug-interactions-and-medication-reconciliation) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on anticipating cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions in children and reconciling every medicine at transitions of care: recogni (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Endocrine and diabetes medicines — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/endocrine-and-diabetes-medicines) — Two formative short-answer questions on the DKA insulin and fluid prescribing sequence and on neonatal levothyroxine dosing with recheck planning, plus growth hormone dose and safe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Immunosuppressive and biologic therapies — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/immunosuppressive-and-biologic-therapies) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on immunosuppressive and biologic therapy in children: low-dose weekly methotrexate as the anchor disease-modifying drug in juvenile (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Inhaled therapies and device selection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/inhaled-therapies-and-device-selection) — Formative SAQs on inhaled therapies and device selection in children: matching the device to the child's age and inspiratory flow using the age-based ladder, and defending the spac (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Medication adherence and formulation challenges — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/medication-adherence-and-formulation-challenges) — Two formative SAQs on medication adherence and formulation challenges in children: the dimensions of adherence, the formulation gap and palatability science, age-appropriate formul (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Off-label and unlicensed medicine use — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/off-label-and-unlicensed-medicine-use) — Two formative SAQs on off-label and unlicensed medicine use in children: the three prescribing categories, the paediatric evidence gap, the safe-use governance pathway, and the lin (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Opioids and acute pain medicines — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/opioids-and-acute-pain-medicines) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on opioids and acute pain medicines in children: recognising why codeine and tramadol are contraindicated through the CYP2D6 prodrug (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Pharmacogenomics and precision therapeutics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pharmacogenomics-and-precision-therapeutics) — Formative SAQs on pharmacogenomics in children: building a TPMT and NUDT15-guided thiopurine plan for a child with Crohn disease, and applying the HLA-B star 15 colon 02 and CYP2D6 (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Poisoning antidotes and toxicology pharmacology — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/poisoning-antidotes-and-toxicology-pharmacology) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on poisoning antidotes and toxicology pharmacology in children: defending the N-acetylcysteine regimen and timing in paracetamol pois (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Procedural sedation medicines — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/procedural-sedation-medicines) — Formative SAQs on the medicines used for procedural sedation and analgesia in children: agent selection, ketamine dosing, fasting, monitoring, and adverse event management. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Renal and hepatic dose adjustment in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/renal-and-hepatic-dose-adjustment-in-children) — Two formative short-answer questions on bedside Schwartz eGFR calculation with KDIGO staging and renal dose adjustment, and on Child-Pugh grading with hepatic dose adjustment and a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Safe prescribing, administration and monitoring — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/safe-prescribing-administration-and-monitoring) — Formative SAQs on safe prescribing, administration and monitoring of medicines in children. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Therapeutic drug monitoring — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/therapeutic-drug-monitoring) — Formative SAQs on therapeutic drug monitoring in children: choosing the vancomycin area-under-the-curve target and sampling time for serious MRSA infection, and applying the nonlin (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Vaccines and immunobiology — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/vaccines-and-immunobiology) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on vaccines and immunobiology in children: the live attenuated versus inactivated vaccine distinction with the four-week spacing rule (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Weight-based dosing, body-surface area and dose calculation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/weight-based-dosing-body-surface-area-and-dose-calculation) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on paediatric weight-based dosing, body-surface-area calculation and dose-calculation safety: the Mosteller formula worked at the bed (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth - [Acquired hypothyroidism and Hashimoto thyroiditis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acquired-hypothyroidism-and-hashimoto-thyroiditis) — Formative SAQs on acquired hypothyroidism and Hashimoto thyroiditis in children and adolescents. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adrenal-insufficiency-and-adrenal-crisis) — Two formative SAQs on adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis in children: the pigmented losing-weight adolescent with primary Addison disease, and the steroid-withdrawn child who (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia) — Two formative SAQs on congenital adrenal hyperplasia: the genitally normal male neonate who salt-wastes at two weeks, and the virilised 46,XX newborn, testing the salt-wasting cris (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Congenital hypothyroidism — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-hypothyroidism) — Formative SAQs on congenital hypothyroidism: running the newborn-screening-to-treatment pipeline, the levothyroxine dose and timing that protect the developing brain, the primary-v (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Constitutional delay and familial short stature — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/constitutional-delay-and-familial-short-stature) — Formative SAQs on distinguishing familial short stature from constitutional delay of growth and puberty, reading the growth-chart trajectory and bone age, excluding the pathologica (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cushing syndrome in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cushing-syndrome-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on Cushing syndrome in children: the obese adolescent whose height has fallen off the centiles, and the Cushingoid child with a clear inhaled-steroid history, te (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Delayed puberty and hypogonadism in adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/delayed-puberty-and-hypogonadism-in-adolescents) — Formative SAQs on confirming delayed puberty against the sex-specific thresholds, splitting the differential with gonadotrophins, separating constitutional delay from permanent con (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Diabetes insipidus and polyuria-polydipsia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/diabetes-insipidus-and-polyuria-polydipsia) — Formative SAQs on diabetes insipidus and the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome in children, covering the central versus nephrogenic versus primary polydipsia split, the water-deprivatio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Diabetic ketoacidosis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/diabetic-ketoacidosis) — Formative SAQs on paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis: diagnosing the triad and grading severity, delivering the ISPAD fluid and insulin protocol with the potassium logic, and recogni (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Disorders of sex development — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/disorders-of-sex-development) — Formative SAQs on disorders of sex development: excluding a salt-wasting adrenal crisis before reaching for a label, classifying with the Chicago framework built from the karyotype (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Endocrine emergencies: integrated approach — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/endocrine-emergencies-integrated-approach) — Two formative SAQs on the integrated approach to paediatric endocrine emergencies: the undiagnosed young child with new-onset DKA and the steroid-withdrawn child with secondary adr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Endocrine late effects of cancer treatment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/endocrine-late-effects-of-cancer-treatment) — Formative SAQs on recognising the childhood cancer survivor with growth hormone deficiency after cranial irradiation and the survivor with combined hypothalamic-pituitary deficits, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Growth hormone deficiency and excess — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/growth-hormone-deficiency-and-excess) — Formative SAQs on recognising the short child with growth hormone deficiency and the overgrowing child with growth hormone excess, confirming with a stimulation test or an oral glu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hypercalcaemia-and-hyperparathyroidism) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric hypercalcaemia: the adolescent with stones, bone pain and an inappropriately normal PTH, and the child with mild lifelong hypercalcaemia and a low (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hyperthyroidism and Graves disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hyperthyroidism-and-graves-disease) — Formative SAQs on distinguishing thyrotoxicosis from hyperthyroidism, confirming Graves disease through a suppressed TSH, raised free T4 and a positive TSH-receptor antibody, deliv (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hypocalcaemia-and-hypoparathyroidism) — Formative SAQs on hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism in children and adolescents, covering acute symptomatic management, PTH-led classification, neonatal hypocalcaemia, and the h (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypoglycaemia in diabetes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hypoglycaemia-in-diabetes) — Formative SAQs on recognising and classifying hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with diabetes, explaining counter-regulatory failure and impaired awareness, delivering the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypopituitarism and pituitary lesions — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hypopituitarism-and-pituitary-lesions) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric hypopituitarism: the neonate with hypoglycaemia, prolonged jaundice and a micropenis, testing the recognition of congenital hypopituitarism and the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Lipid disorders and familial hypercholesterolaemia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/lipid-disorders-and-familial-hypercholesterolaemia) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric familial hypercholesterolaemia: the asymptomatic child flagged by an LDL-C above threshold and a family history, and the adolescent with homozygous (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Monogenic diabetes and neonatal diabetes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/monogenic-diabetes-and-neonatal-diabetes) — Two formative SAQs on monogenic diabetes: a six-week-old with persistent insulin-requiring hyperglycaemia (neonatal diabetes under six months, the six-month rule, and the potassium (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Obesity: assessment, complications and treatment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/obesity-assessment-complications-and-treatment) — Two formative short-answer questions on childhood obesity classification with adult crossover, systematic comorbidity screening and secondary-cause exclusion, and staged weight-neu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/osteoporosis-and-fragility-fractures-in-children) — Formative SAQs on osteoporosis and fragility fractures in children: the ISCD definition that needs low bone mass plus a fragility fracture, the glucocorticoid-exposed child with a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Phaeochromocytoma and endocrine hypertension — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/phaeochromocytoma-and-endocrine-hypertension) — Two formative SAQs on phaeochromocytoma and endocrine hypertension in children: the hypertensive adolescent with headache, sweating and palpitations, testing the metanephrines-firs (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Precocious puberty — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/precocious-puberty) — Formative SAQs on recognising early sexual development, splitting central (GnRH-dependent) from peripheral (GnRH-independent) causes, interpreting the bone age and basal-then-stimu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Rickets and metabolic bone disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/rickets-and-metabolic-bone-disease) — Formative SAQs on rickets and metabolic bone disease: the calcipenic-versus-phosphopenic classification, the emergency management of the hypocalcaemic infant, the treatment of nutr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Short stature and poor linear growth — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/short-stature-and-poor-linear-growth) — Formative SAQs on the diagnostic approach to the short child, the GH-IGF-1 axis and the distinction of variants from pathology. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [SIADH and disorders of water balance — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/siadh-and-disorders-of-water-balance) — Formative SAQs on SIADH and disorders of water balance in children, covering the volume-status approach to hyponatraemia, SIADH biochemistry, cerebral salt wasting, hypertonic sali (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Tall stature and overgrowth syndromes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/tall-stature-and-overgrowth-syndromes) — Formative SAQs on tall stature and overgrowth syndromes: separating the familial normal variant from the pathological causes using a structured redistribution assessment, recognisi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Thyroid nodules, goitre and thyroid cancer — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/thyroid-nodules-goitre-and-thyroid-cancer) — Formative SAQs on paediatric thyroid nodule risk-stratification, FNA/Bethesda triage and multidisciplinary risk-adapted management. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Type 1 diabetes: diagnosis and initial management — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/type-1-diabetes-diagnosis-and-initial-management) — Two formative SAQs on new-onset type 1 diabetes without ketoacidosis: a six-year-old with a two-week history of thirst, polyuria and weight loss who is alert and not acidotic, test (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Type 1 diabetes: insulin therapy, technology and ambulatory care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/type-1-diabetes-insulin-therapy-technology-and-ambulatory-care) — Two formative SAQs on the ongoing care of established type 1 diabetes: a nine-year-old who develops ketoacidosis after insulin is omitted during a viral illness, testing sick-day m (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in youth — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/type-2-diabetes-and-metabolic-syndrome-in-youth) — Two formative SAQs on type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in youth: a fourteen-year-old girl with acanthosis nigricans, oligomenorrhoea and a raised HbA1c found on screening, an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) ### ent-hearing-and-oral-health - [Acute and chronic rhinosinusitis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-and-chronic-rhinosinusitis) — Formative SAQs on acute and chronic rhinosinusitis: the recognition and stepwise management of a child with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis using the AAP criteria, the high-dose amo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Acute otitis media — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-otitis-media) — Formative SAQs on diagnosing acute otitis media from a bulging tympanic membrane, applying the age-and-laterality antibiotic matrix with weight-based analgesia, recognising acute m (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ankyloglossia and infant feeding — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/ankyloglossia-and-infant-feeding) — Two formative SAQs on ankyloglossia and infant feeding: a two-week-old breastfed infant with poor weight gain, a painful clicking latch and a mother with cracked nipples and engorg (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cleft lip and palate — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cleft-lip-and-palate) — Formative SAQs on cleft lip and palate: the Veau classification, the embryology of facial-process and palatal-shelf fusion, the feeding principle that a cleft palate infant cannot (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital ear anomalies and microtia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-ear-anomalies-and-microtia) — Formative SAQs on congenital ear anomalies and microtia: distinguishing a deformational deformity from a true microtia, grading by Marx, explaining why the inner ear is spared and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Dental caries and oral-health prevention — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/dental-caries-enamel-disease-and-oral-health-prevention) — Two formative SAQs on dental caries and oral-health prevention: a three-year-old with brown, cavitated upper front teeth and a bedtime bottle testing the definition and pattern of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Dental trauma and avulsed teeth — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/dental-trauma-and-avulsed-teeth) — Two formative SAQs on dental trauma and avulsed teeth: an eight-year-old who has just knocked out a permanent upper central incisor on the playground, testing the IADT 2020 scene f (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Drooling, dysphagia and upper-aerodigestive disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/drooling-dysphagia-and-upper-aerodigestive-disorders) — Formative SAQs on separating anterior from posterior drooling, recognising an unsafe swallow and silent aspiration, applying the stepwise drooling ladder with glycopyrrolate and bo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Epistaxis in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/epistaxis-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on childhood epistaxis: a seven-year-old with recurrent unilateral nosebleeds, bruising and a maternal history of heavy periods testing the recognition of an und (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Facial swelling and odontogenic infection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/facial-swelling-and-odontogenic-infection) — Formative SAQs on recognising a paediatric facial swelling of dental origin, identifying the source tooth, applying the principle of source control, recognising Ludwig angina as an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hearing assessment and childhood hearing loss — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hearing-assessment-and-childhood-hearing-loss) — Two formative SAQs on childhood hearing loss: the baby who refers on the newborn hearing screen and the 1-3-6 milestones with congenital CMV as the commonest acquired cause, and th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Mastoiditis and otogenic complications — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/mastoiditis-and-otogenic-complications) — Formative SAQs on mastoiditis and otogenic complications: the recognition and stepwise management of a febrile child with acute mastoiditis including the contrast temporal-bone CT (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nasal foreign body and button-battery injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/nasal-foreign-body-and-button-battery-injury) — Two formative SAQs on nasal foreign body and button-battery injury: a two-year-old with a missing remote-control button battery and a shiny object seen against the septum, testing (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neck masses in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neck-masses-in-children) — Formative SAQs on classifying a paediatric neck mass by location and aetiology, recognising a thyroglossal duct cyst and a non-tuberculous mycobacterial node, choosing ultrasound a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Oral manifestations of systemic disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/oral-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Two formative SAQs on oral manifestations of systemic disease in children: a pale tired six-year-old with swollen bleeding gums and mucosal petechiae testing the recognition of leu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Oral ulcers and mucosal disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/oral-ulcers-and-mucosal-disease) — Two formative SAQs on oral ulcers and mucosal disease in children: a febrile drooling two-year-old with diffuse painful anterior gingival ulceration testing the diagnosis of primar (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Otitis externa — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/otitis-externa) — Two formative SAQs on otitis externa: an eight-year-old swimmer with otalgia, otorrhoea and tragal tenderness testing the canal-versus-middle-ear distinction and analgesia-led, top (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Otitis media with effusion and grommet decisions — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/otitis-media-with-effusion-and-grommet-decisions) — Formative SAQs on otitis media with effusion and grommet decisions: the stepwise management of a child with persistent bilateral OME and documented hearing difficulty including the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess and deep neck infection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pharyngitis-tonsillitis-peritonsillar-abscess-and-deep-neck-infection) — Formative SAQs on applying the McIsaac score to a paediatric sore throat, confirming GAS before treating, recognising a peritonsillar abscess and a deep neck infection, and giving (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Salivary gland disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/salivary-gland-disorders) — Two formative SAQs on salivary gland disorders in children: an under-immunised five-year-old with bilateral tender parotid swelling and fever testing the diagnosis of mumps, the su (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tinnitus, vertigo and balance disorders in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/tinnitus-vertigo-and-balance-disorders-in-children) — Short-answer questions on dizziness and vertigo in children covering the diagnosis and reassuring prognosis of benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood, the peripheral-versus-central (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal - [Antenatally detected kidney and urinary-tract anomalies: newborn management — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/antenatally-detected-kidney-and-urinary-tract-anomalies-newborn-management) — Two formative SAQs on the newborn with an antenatally detected kidney or urinary-tract anomaly: a male infant with suspected posterior urethral valves requiring risk-stratification (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Antenatally diagnosed fetal conditions: paediatric planning — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/antenatally-diagnosed-fetal-conditions-paediatric-planning) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric planning for antenatally diagnosed fetal conditions: a hypoplastic left heart syndrome with place-of-delivery and prostaglandin planning, and a con (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Apnoea of prematurity — short-answer question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/apnoea-of-prematurity) — Short-answer question on the definition, pathophysiology, and caffeine-first management of apnoea of prematurity, with exclusion of secondary causes. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Bilious vomiting and neonatal intestinal obstruction — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/bilious-vomiting-and-neonatal-intestinal-obstruction) — Two formative SAQs on bilious vomiting and neonatal intestinal obstruction: the rule that bilious vomit is obstruction until proven otherwise, the immediate resuscitation and decom (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Birth trauma and brachial plexus injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/birth-trauma-and-brachial-plexus-injury) — Two formative SAQs on birth trauma and brachial plexus injury: the newborn with an upper-trunk injury and the 3-month threshold decision, and the newborn with a total-plexus injury (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and chronic neonatal lung disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia-and-chronic-neonatal-lung-disease) — Short-answer questions on BPD prevention, classification, and management. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Cephalhaematoma and subgaleal haemorrhage — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cephalhaematoma-and-subgaleal-haemorrhage) — Two formative SAQs on the three birth-related scalp swellings: the anatomical-plane classification and the suture-line discriminator, and the deteriorating newborn with a subgaleal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital and perinatally acquired infections: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-and-perinatally-acquired-infections) — Short-answer questions on congenital and perinatally acquired infections covering a neonate with suspected congenital cytomegalovirus infection. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital anomalies and dysmorphic newborn assessment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-anomalies-and-dysmorphic-newborn-assessment) — Formative SAQs on recognising the dysmorphic newborn, climbing the diagnostic ladder, and stabilising life-threatening congenital anomalies. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital heart disease presenting in the newborn — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-heart-disease-presenting-in-the-newborn) — Two formative SAQs on the newborn with congenital heart disease: the day-three collapsed neonate with coarctation, and the cyanotic newborn with a positive pulse-oximetry screen, t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Conjugated jaundice and neonatal cholestasis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/conjugated-jaundice-and-neonatal-cholestasis-including-biliary-atresia) — Short-answer questions on conjugated jaundice and neonatal cholestasis covering a six-week-old infant with pale stools and jaundice, the diagnostic workup, and the management of bi (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Extremely preterm infant viability and periviable counselling — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/extremely-preterm-infant-viability-and-periviable-counselling) — Formative SAQs on shared decision-making at the threshold of viability, prognostic estimation, antenatal interventions, and outcome counselling for periviable infants born at 22 to (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Family-integrated developmental care in NICU](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/family-integrated-developmental-care-in-nicu) — Short-answer questions on the FiCare model, the developmental care bundle, and the evidence supporting family-integrated neonatal care. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Fetal assessment, prenatal screening and counselling — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/fetal-assessment-prenatal-screening-and-counselling) — Two formative SAQs on antenatal fetal assessment: a no-call cell-free DNA result with counselling and diagnostic choice, and an abnormal growth scan with Doppler interpretation and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Fetal growth restriction and small-for-gestational-age infant — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/fetal-growth-restriction-and-small-for-gestational-age-infant) — Formative SAQs. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Follow-up after high-risk birth and NICU discharge — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/follow-up-after-high-risk-birth-and-nicu-discharge-growth-and-neurodevelopmental-surveillance) — Formative SAQs on longitudinal follow-up of the high-risk NICU graduate: risk stratification, corrected-age growth and milestone surveillance, early cerebral palsy detection with G (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Gestational age assessment and preterm classification — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/gestational-age-assessment-and-preterm-classification) — Formative SAQs on assigning gestational age, reconciling antenatal and postnatal estimates, classifying by gestational-age and birthweight bands, and applying size-for-gestational- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/haemolytic-disease-of-the-fetus-and-newborn) — Two formative SAQs on haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: anti-D prophylaxis and MCA-PSV surveillance, and the postnatal management ladder from phototherapy to exchange tr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hearing loss in high-risk neonates — short-answer question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hearing-loss-in-high-risk-neonates) — Short-answer question on newborn hearing screening in the high-risk neonate, the OAE versus AABR distinction, the JCIH risk indicators, and the management of confirmed permanent lo (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Human milk, fortification and preterm nutrition](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/human-milk-fortification-and-preterm-nutrition) — Short-answer questions on preterm nutrition targets, fortification strategy, and human milk evidence. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hypoxic-ischaemic-encephalopathy-and-therapeutic-hypothermia) — Two formative SAQs on hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia: the eligible term infant and the cooling decision, and the late-presenting infant and the bounda (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/intraventricular-haemorrhage-and-periventricular-leukomalacia) — Two formative SAQs on intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia: the preterm infant with a sudden deterioration and a grade III–IV bleed, and the prevention and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Large-for-gestational-age infant and infants of diabetic mothers — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/large-for-gestational-age-infant-and-infants-of-diabetic-mothers) — Formative SAQs. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Late-preterm infant: risks and corrected-age follow-up — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/late-preterm-infant-risks-and-follow-up) — Formative SAQs on the late-preterm infant (34+0 to 36+6 weeks): disproportionate multi-organ morbidity, the discharge-readiness gate, corrected-age growth and neurodevelopmental fo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Maternal disease, medication and substance effects on the fetus — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/maternal-disease-medication-and-substance-effects-on-the-fetus) — Two formative SAQs: a pregnancy on valproate with counselling and prevention, and an infant of a diabetic mother with neonatal hypoglycaemia and surveillance planning. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Meconium aspiration syndrome — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/meconium-aspiration-syndrome) — Two formative SAQs on meconium aspiration syndrome: the vigour-based delivery-room decision for a non-vigorous infant with PPHN, and the pathophysiology, surfactant rationale and p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Necrotising enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/necrotising-enterocolitis-and-spontaneous-intestinal-perforation) — Two formative SAQs on NEC and SIP: the deteriorating preterm with established NEC needing the medical bundle and the surgical decision, and the well ELBW infant with an incidental (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal abstinence and withdrawal syndromes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-abstinence-and-withdrawal-syndromes) — Two formative SAQs on neonatal abstinence and withdrawal syndromes: the neuroadaptive mechanism and the methadone-exposed infant at 48 hours, the Eat Sleep Console functional asses (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal acute kidney injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-acute-kidney-injury) — Formative SAQs. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal air-leak syndromes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-air-leak-syndromes) — Two formative SAQs on neonatal air-leak syndromes: the unifying mechanism and classification, the deteriorating ventilated preterm requiring emergency decompression, needle aspirat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Neonatal anaemia, polycythaemia and thrombocytopenia: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-anaemia-polycythaemia-and-thrombocytopenia) — Short-answer questions covering a term neonate with severe thrombocytopenia from neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and a preterm infant with the anaemia of prematurity. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal bacterial infection and sepsis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-bacterial-infection-and-sepsis-risk-assessment-and-management) — Short-answer questions on neonatal bacterial sepsis risk assessment and management covering a preterm infant with suspected early-onset sepsis. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal cyanosis and collapsed neonate — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-cyanosis-and-collapsed-neonate) — Two formative SAQs on the cyanotic or collapsed neonate: the day-3 term infant with a duct-dependent lesion requiring prostaglandin before echo, and the oxygen-refractory blue infa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal fluid, electrolyte and nutritional management — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-fluid-electrolyte-and-nutritional-management) — Formative SAQs. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal gastro-oesophageal reflux and aspiration — short-answer question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-gastro-oesophageal-reflux-and-aspiration) — Short-answer question on distinguishing physiologic reflux from GORD, the conservative-first stepwise management, and the evidence against reflex acid suppression and reflux-apnoea (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal hypoglycaemia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-hypoglycaemia) — Formative SAQs. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal hypothermia and thermoregulation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-hypothermia-and-thermoregulation) — Two formative SAQs on neonatal hypothermia and thermoregulation: the heat-loss pathways and WHO classification, the cold preterm on admission requiring graded rewarming and glucose (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal hypotonia and neuromuscular weakness — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-hypotonia-and-neuromuscular-weakness) — Two formative SAQs on the hypotonic neonate: the weak, areflexic, alert infant eligible for SMA disease-modifying therapy, and the floppy neonate of a mildly-affected mother requir (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal jaundice: unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-jaundice-unconjugated-hyperbilirubinaemia) — Short-answer questions on neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia covering a late-preterm breastfed infant with rapidly rising bilirubin, risk assessment, investigation, and mana (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal pain assessment and procedural comfort - formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-pain-assessment-and-procedural-comfort) — Two formative SAQs on neonatal pain assessment and procedural comfort: the preterm infant undergoing repeated heel lances, and the ventilated preterm infant and the boundary of rou (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal palliative care and end-of-life decision-making — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-palliative-care-and-end-of-life-decision-making) — Two formative SAQs on neonatal palliative care and end-of-life decision-making: perinatal palliative care for a lethal fetal anomaly, the best-interests balance and window of oppor (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal respiratory distress — diagnostic approach — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-respiratory-distress-diagnostic-approach) — Two formative SAQs on the diagnostic approach to neonatal respiratory distress: differentiating RDS, TTN and MAS by CXR and risk profile, and the term infant with refractory cyanos (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal resuscitation and post-resuscitation stabilisation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-resuscitation-and-post-resuscitation-stabilisation) — Two formative SAQs on neonatal resuscitation and post-resuscitation stabilisation: the first-minute algorithm, escalation to compressions and adrenaline, temperature and glucose co (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Neonatal seizures and encephalopathy — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-seizures-and-encephalopathy) — Two formative SAQs on neonatal seizures and encephalopathy: the encephalopathic term infant eligible for cooling, and the refractory-seizure infant requiring a metabolic and infect (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal skin disorders and birthmarks — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-skin-disorders-and-birthmarks) — Formative SAQs on the assessment and management of neonatal skin disorders and birthmarks. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal stroke and intracranial haemorrhage — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-stroke-and-intracranial-haemorrhage) — Two formative SAQs on neonatal stroke and intracranial haemorrhage: the term infant with focal seizures and perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke, and the extremely preterm infant wi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal transport and retrieval — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-transport-and-retrieval) — Two formative SAQs on neonatal transport and retrieval: triage and STABLE pretransport stabilisation, temperature and glucose control, the specialist retrieval pathway, and therape (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Newborn examination and screening — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/newborn-examination-and-screening) — Formative SAQs on the systematic newborn examination, the four universal screens, and escalation of abnormal findings. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Parenteral nutrition in neonates — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/parenteral-nutrition-in-neonates) — Formative SAQs. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/patent-ductus-arteriosus-in-preterm-infants) — Two formative SAQs on patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: the pathophysiology of failed ductal closure and the markers of haemodynamic significance, and the expectant-firs (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Perinatal infection screening and prevention — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/perinatal-infection-screening-and-prevention) — Formative SAQs. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/persistent-pulmonary-hypertension-of-the-newborn) — Short-answer questions covering PPHN pathophysiology, diagnosis, and stepwise management. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Poor feeding and feeding intolerance in the neonate — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/poor-feeding-and-feeding-intolerance-in-the-neonate) — Formative SAQs. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Preterm infant — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/preterm-infant-immediate-and-longitudinal-care) — Formative SAQs on preterm infant delivery-room stabilisation, respiratory and nutritional management, complication prevention and follow-up. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/respiratory-distress-syndrome-of-prematurity) — Two formative SAQs on respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity: the surfactant-deficiency mechanism and management ladder, and oxygen targeting with surfactant dosing. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Retinopathy of prematurity](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/retinopathy-of-prematurity) — Short-answer questions on ROP screening, classification, and the Type 1 treatment decision. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Routine care of the healthy newborn — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/routine-care-of-the-healthy-newborn) — Two formative SAQs on routine newborn care: golden hour elements, vitamin K counselling, discharge readiness, feeding failure and hypernatraemic dehydration. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Transient tachypnoea of the newborn — short-answer questions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/transient-tachypnoea-of-the-newborn) — Two short-answer questions on the diagnosis, pathophysiology and stepwise management of transient tachypnoea of the newborn. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-12) - [Transition at birth and delayed cord clamping — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/transition-at-birth-and-delayed-cord-clamping) — Two formative SAQs on neonatal transition and cord management: the deferred-clamp decision for a vigorous term infant, and the preterm cord plan with the milking contraindication. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) ### gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition - [Abdominal wall and umbilical disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/abdominal-wall-and-umbilical-disorders) — Two formative SAQs on abdominal wall and umbilical disorders in children: a newborn with bare bowel to the right of a normal cord testing the distinction of gastroschisis from omph (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute abdominal pain in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-abdominal-pain-in-children) — Short-answer questions on acute abdominal pain in children covering the appendicitis history and migration of pain, the Pediatric Appendicitis Score, ultrasound-first imaging, earl (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute gastroenteritis and infectious diarrhoea — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-gastroenteritis-and-infectious-diarrhoea) — Two formative SAQs on acute gastroenteritis and infectious diarrhoea in children: a toddler with watery diarrhoea and some dehydration, testing the clinical grading of dehydration (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute liver failure: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-liver-failure) — Short-answer questions on paediatric acute liver failure covering a four-year-old with coagulopathy and altered consciousness, the PALF diagnostic criteria, the role of N-acetylcys (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute vomiting in infants and children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-vomiting-in-infants-and-children) — Short-answer questions on acute vomiting in children covering the bilious-vomiting surgical emergency, the age-based differential, the metabolic derangement of pyloric stenosis, cl (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Appendicitis and surgical abdomen — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/appendicitis-and-surgical-abdomen) — Two formative SAQs on appendicitis and the surgical abdomen: a nine-year-old with migratory right iliac fossa pain, anorexia and tenderness, testing the Pediatric Appendicitis Scor (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Ascites and peritoneal disease: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/ascites-and-peritoneal-disease) — Short-answer questions on ascites and peritoneal disease in children covering an eight-year-old with biliary atresia who develops fever and abdominal pain over established ascites, (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Bilious vomiting and intestinal obstruction — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/bilious-vomiting-and-intestinal-obstruction) — Two formative SAQs on bilious vomiting and intestinal obstruction: a term neonate with sudden bilious vomiting testing the recognition and emergency management of malrotation with (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Breastfeeding medicine and lactation support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/breastfeeding-medicine-and-lactation-support) — Two formative SAQs on breastfeeding medicine and lactation support: a mother with a hot, tender, wedge-shaped breast and fever at three weeks, testing the recognition of the mastit (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic and recurrent abdominal pain: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/chronic-and-recurrent-abdominal-pain) — Short-answer questions on chronic and recurrent abdominal pain covering an eight-year-old with recurrent periumbilical pain, the alarm-feature approach, targeted investigation, and (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and portal hypertension: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/chronic-liver-disease-cirrhosis-and-portal-hypertension) — Short-answer questions on chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and portal hypertension in children covering a five-year-old with biliary atresia presenting with massive haematemesis, t (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Coeliac disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/coeliac-disease) — Two formative SAQs on coeliac disease in children: the school-age child with refractory iron-deficiency anaemia and short stature who needs the ESPGHAN 2020 no-biopsy pathway, and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Constipation and faecal incontinence: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/constipation-and-faecal-incontinence) — Short-answer questions on childhood constipation and faecal incontinence covering a five-year-old with overflow soiling, the positive functional diagnosis, red flags, and the disim (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Dysphagia and oesophageal disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/dysphagia-and-oesophageal-disorders) — Two formative SAQs on dysphagia and the oesophageal disorders of childhood: a teenager with a food bolus impaction, solid-food dysphagia and atopy, testing the recognition and diag (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Enteral feeding tubes and home enteral nutrition — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/enteral-feeding-tubes-and-home-enteral-nutrition) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric enteral feeding tubes and home enteral nutrition: the child with severe cerebral palsy and faltering growth referred for a gastrostomy, and the chi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Feeding assessment and paediatric dysphagia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/feeding-assessment-and-paediatric-dysphagia) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric dysphagia: the child with cerebral palsy whose cough-free bedside feed cannot be trusted to exclude silent aspiration and who needs a videofluorosc (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Food protein-induced enterocolitis and enteropathy — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/food-protein-induced-enterocolitis-and-enteropathy) — Two formative SAQs on food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: the infant with a recurrent delayed, pallid vomiting collapse after rice cereal who needs recognition of acute FP (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Formula feeding and complementary feeding — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/formula-feeding-and-complementary-feeding) — Two formative SAQs on infant feeding: counselling a parent on safe formula feeding and the timely introduction of complementary foods at around six months, and the work-up of a you (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/functional-abdominal-pain-and-irritable-bowel-syndrome) — Short-answer questions on functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome covering a twelve-year-old with recurrent pain and altered bowel habit, the Rome IV criteria and IB (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Gastro-oesophageal reflux and reflux disease — short-answer question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/gastro-oesophageal-reflux-and-reflux-disease) — Short-answer question on distinguishing physiologic gastro-oesophageal reflux from GORD, the conservative-first stepwise ladder, and the evidence against reflex acid suppression in (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Gastrointestinal bleeding — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/gastrointestinal-bleeding) — Two formative SAQs on gastrointestinal bleeding in children: a toddler with painless bright red rectal bleeding testing the recognition and investigation of a Meckel diverticulum, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hirschsprung disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hirschsprung-disease) — Two formative SAQs on Hirschsprung disease: a term neonate with delayed passage of meconium and abdominal distension testing the diagnostic pathway and preoperative management, and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Inflammatory bowel disease: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/inflammatory-bowel-disease) — Short-answer questions on inflammatory bowel disease in children covering a thirteen-year-old with weight loss, growth faltering, and perianal disease, the ESPGHAN revised Porto cr (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Intussusception — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/intussusception) — Two formative SAQs on intussusception in children: a seven-month-old with intermittent colicky screaming, vomiting and a sausage-shaped mass, testing recognition of the rhythmic pa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Liver transplantation in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/liver-transplantation-in-children) — Short-answer questions on paediatric liver transplantation covering a three-year-old with biliary atresia being assessed for transplant and listing by the PELD score, and the manag (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Malnutrition: nutritional rehabilitation and monitoring — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/malnutrition-nutritional-rehabilitation-and-monitoring) — Two formative SAQs on acute malnutrition and its nutritional rehabilitation in children: a wasted 16-month-old with appetite loss testing the recognition of complicated severe acut (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Malrotation and volvulus — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/malrotation-and-volvulus) — Formative SAQs on malrotation and volvulus: acting on bilious vomiting in a previously well neonate as a midgut volvulus until proven otherwise, choosing the upper gastrointestinal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Micronutrient deficiencies — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/micronutrient-deficiencies) — Two formative SAQs on micronutrient deficiencies in children: the iron-deficient toddler with pallor, pica and faltering growth who needs the twelve-month screen and oral iron, and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric fatty liver disease, now named metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: the overweight eleven-year-old boy found on screening to h (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Normal nutritional requirements across childhood: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/normal-nutritional-requirements-across-childhood) — Short-answer questions on normal nutritional requirements across childhood covering a seven-month-old breastfed infant starting complementary feeding, the energy and protein requir (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Nutritional management of chronic disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/nutritional-management-of-chronic-disease) — Two formative SAQs on the nutritional management of chronic disease in children: the cardiac infant with a large ventricular septal defect and failure to thrive who needs fortified (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oesophagitis, caustic ingestion and oesophageal injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/oesophagitis-caustic-ingestion-and-oesophageal-injury) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric oesophageal injury: the toddler with a suspected oesophageal button battery requiring emergency removal within two hours, and the toddler with a ca (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Paediatric feeding disorder: nutritional and gastrointestinal management — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paediatric-feeding-disorder-nutritional-and-gastrointestinal-management) — Two formative SAQs on the nutritional and gastrointestinal management of paediatric feeding disorder: the child with food refusal, faltering growth and poorly controlled reflux who (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pancreatitis and pancreatic disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pancreatitis-and-pancreatic-disorders) — Two formative SAQs on pancreatitis and pancreatic disorders in children: the eight-year-old on valproate who presents with acute pancreatitis needing the NASPGHAN criteria and earl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Parenteral nutrition and refeeding syndrome — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/parenteral-nutrition-and-refeeding-syndrome) — Two formative SAQs on parenteral nutrition and refeeding syndrome in children: a malnourished adolescent with anorexia nervosa admitted for refeeding, testing refeeding risk, the i (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Peptic disease and Helicobacter pylori — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/peptic-disease-and-helicobacter-pylori) — Formative SAQs on the endoscopy-first, susceptibility-guided approach to peptic disease and H. pylori in children. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-15) - [Persistent and chronic diarrhoea — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/persistent-and-chronic-diarrhoea) — Two formative SAQs on persistent and chronic diarrhoea in children: the thriving toddler with loose stools who needs a positive diagnosis of toddler's diarrhoea and reassurance, an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Polyps and inherited gastrointestinal cancer syndromes: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/polyps-and-inherited-gastrointestinal-cancer-syndromes) — Short-answer questions on paediatric gastrointestinal polyps covering an eight-year-old with multiple juvenile polyps, the criteria that separate an isolated polyp from juvenile po (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Short-bowel syndrome and intestinal failure — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/short-bowel-syndrome-and-intestinal-failure) — Two formative SAQs on short-bowel syndrome and intestinal failure in children: a premature neonate after necrotising enterocolitis resection with a high-output jejunostomy testing (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Viral, autoimmune and metabolic hepatitis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/viral-autoimmune-and-metabolic-hepatitis) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric hepatitis: the perinatally infected school-age child with chronic hepatitis B in the immune-tolerant phase who needs surveillance not treatment, an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) ### genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism - [22q11.2 deletion syndrome — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/22q11-2-deletion-syndrome) — Formative SAQs on 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: recognising the multisystem fingerprint that earns a chromosomal microarray, staging every system at diagnosis, deferring live vaccines (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Acute metabolic decompensation: recognition and stabilisation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-metabolic-decompensation-recognition-and-stabilisation) — Short-answer question on recognising and resuscitating an infant with acute metabolic decompensation, including interpretation of the metabolic panel and first-hour management. (exams=racp_basic,racp_advanced,mrcpch_theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Amino-acid disorders including phenylketonuria and MSUD — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/amino-acid-disorders-including-phenylketonuria-and-msud) — Formative SAQs on recognising the inherited amino-acid disorders (PKU, MSUD, tyrosinaemia type I, homocystinuria) on their metabolite and clinical signatures, delivering the acute (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Chromosomal microarray, exome and genome sequencing — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/chromosomal-microarray-exome-and-genome-sequencing) — Formative SAQs on choosing between chromosomal microarray, whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing: the resolution ladder, diagnostic yields, variant interpretation, secondary find (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Dietary, cofactor and emergency management of metabolic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/dietary-cofactor-and-emergency-management-of-metabolic-disease) — Short-answer question on the four pillars of long-term metabolic therapy, the sick-day regimen, and the cofactor-responsive disorders. (exams=racp_basic,racp_advanced,mrcpch_theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Disorders of metal metabolism: Wilson and Menkes disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/disorders-of-metal-metabolism-wilson-and-menkes-disease) — Formative SAQs on recognising the hepatic and neuropsychiatric faces of Wilson disease and the infantile regression of Menkes disease, interpreting the integrated copper panel and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Down syndrome — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/down-syndrome) — Formative SAQs on Down syndrome: recognising the three genetic mechanisms and why a karyotype changes counselling, mapping the comorbidities by system, applying the age-stratified (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Dysmorphology examination and syndrome recognition — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/dysmorphology-examination-and-syndrome-recognition) — Formative SAQs on a structured dysmorphology examination, anomaly classification, syndrome differential generation and tiered genetic testing. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ethical issues in genomic diagnosis and cascade testing](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/ethical-issues-in-genomic-diagnosis-and-cascade-testing) — Short-answer question on the ethics of predictive testing, secondary findings, and cascade testing in a child with a family history of an adult-onset genetic condition. (exams=racp_basic,racp_advanced,mrcpch_theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Fatty-acid oxidation disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/fatty-acid-oxidation-disorders) — Formative SAQs on recognising the hypoketotic hypoglycaemia signature of a fatty-acid oxidation disorder, delivering the acute intravenous-dextrose protocol, localising the defect (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Fragile X syndrome — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/fragile-x-syndrome) — Formative SAQs on recognising fragile X syndrome, confirming the molecular diagnosis with FMR1 PCR plus methylation analysis, classifying the CGG-repeat allele, building comorbidit (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Genetic deafness and blindness syndromes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/genetic-deafness-and-blindness-syndromes) — Formative SAQs on the infant who fails newborn hearing screening, the tiered genetic workup from GJB2 to whole-exome sequencing, the syndromic causes of deafness including Pendred, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Genetic history, pedigree construction and inheritance patterns — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/genetic-history-pedigree-construction-and-inheritance-patterns) — Formative SAQs on taking a genetic family history, constructing a standardised pedigree, recognising each inheritance pattern from its shape, applying recurrence-risk arithmetic, a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Genomic testing, variant interpretation, and counselling — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/genomic-testing-variant-interpretation-and-counselling) — Formative SAQs on choosing the right genomic test, applying the ACMG/AMP five-tier variant classification framework, managing variants of uncertain significance and secondary findi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Glycogen-storage and carbohydrate metabolism disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/glycogen-storage-and-carbohydrate-metabolism-disorders) — Formative SAQs on recognising the hepatic glycogenoses through hepatomegaly with fasting hypoglycaemia and lactic acidosis, separating Pompe disease by its cardiomyopathy and hypot (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypoglycaemia due to inherited metabolic disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hypoglycaemia-due-to-inherited-metabolic-disease) — Formative SAQs on recognising hypoketotic hypoglycaemia as a metabolic emergency, capturing the critical sample before treating, classifying the cause into insulin-driven, glucose- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Inborn errors presenting with neurological regression — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/inborn-errors-presenting-with-neurological-regression) — Formative SAQs on the inborn errors of metabolism that present with neurological regression: recognising regression as a red flag, grouping the disorders by affected pathway, deplo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Klinefelter syndrome and sex chromosome aneuploidy — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/klinefelter-syndrome-and-sex-chromosome-aneuploidy) — Formative SAQs on Klinefelter syndrome and sex chromosome aneuploidy: recognising the clinical pattern across the lifespan, confirming the diagnosis with a karyotype, applying the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Lysosomal storage disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/lysosomal-storage-disorders) — Formative SAQs on the lysosomal storage disorders: recognising the cardinal presenting patterns, grouping by stored substrate, confirming with a layered enzyme-and-genotype workup, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Marfan syndrome and heritable connective-tissue disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/marfan-syndrome-and-heritable-connective-tissue-disorders) — Formative SAQs on Marfan syndrome and the heritable connective-tissue disorders: recognising the marfanoid phenotype, confirming with the revised Ghent nosology and FBN1 sequencing (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Mitochondrial disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/mitochondrial-disease) — Short-answer question on the tiered diagnostic approach to a child with suspected mitochondrial disease, including the dual-genome logic, the significance of lactate sensitivity, a (exams=racp_advanced,racp_dwe,mrcpch_theory; updated=2026-07-13) - [Mucopolysaccharidoses and oligosaccharidoses — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/mucopolysaccharidoses-and-oligosaccharidoses) — Formative SAQs on the mucopolysaccharidoses and oligosaccharidoses: recognising the coarse-facies phenotype with dysostosis multiplex, grouping the subtypes by stored substrate and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2 — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neurofibromatosis-type-1-and-type-2) — Formative SAQs on recognising neurofibromatosis type 1 from six or more cafe-au-lait macules and freckling, applying the NIH diagnostic criteria, confirming molecularly with NF1 se (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Noonan syndrome and RASopathies — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/noonan-syndrome-and-rasopathies) — Formative SAQs on Noonan syndrome and the RASopathies: recognising the shared RAS/MAPK pathway phenotype, distinguishing Noonan syndrome from the other RASopathies by gene and card (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Organic acidaemias — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/organic-acidaemias) — Formative SAQs on recognising the high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis that distinguishes the organic acidaemias from the urea cycle disorders, delivering the 'treat on suspicion' eme (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Peroxisomal disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/peroxisomal-disorders) — Formative SAQs on the peroxisomal disorders: splitting the bedside pattern into the biogenesis group (Zellweger spectrum) and the single-enzyme group (X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/prader-willi-and-angelman-syndromes) — Formative SAQs on recognising Prader-Willi syndrome in the neonate, recognising Angelman syndrome in the toddler, confirming the molecular diagnosis with methylation analysis, dete (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Prenatal diagnosis and reproductive genetics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/prenatal-diagnosis-and-reproductive-genetics) — Two formative SAQs on prenatal diagnosis and reproductive genetics: a pathogenic microarray finding after an increased-risk screen, and a consanguineous couple at one-in-four recur (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Skeletal dysplasias — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/skeletal-dysplasias) — Formative SAQs on the skeletal dysplasias: recognising the lethal short-limbed newborn and the disproportionate child, grouping by molecular pathway, confirming with a skeletal sur (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Syndromic craniosynostosis and craniofacial disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/syndromic-craniosynostosis-and-craniofacial-disorders) — Formative SAQs on syndromic craniosynostosis: recognising the head-face-limb fingerprint that earns the syndromic label, naming the big six by gene, confirming the diagnosis with i (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Tuberous sclerosis complex — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/tuberous-sclerosis-complex) — Formative SAQs on recognising tuberous sclerosis complex from infantile spasms and hypomelanotic macules, applying the 2012 consensus diagnostic criteria, explaining the hamartin-t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Turner syndrome — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/turner-syndrome) — Formative SAQs on recognising Turner syndrome across the four age-based presentations, confirming the karyotype, classifying the karyotype and its management implications, initiati (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Urea cycle disorders and hyperammonaemia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/urea-cycle-disorders-and-hyperammonaemia) — Formative SAQs on recognising hyperammonaemia as a metabolic emergency, localising the urea cycle defect with plasma amino acids and urinary orotic acid, delivering the acute 'trea (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Williams syndrome — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/williams-syndrome) — Formative SAQs on recognising Williams syndrome as a 7q11.23 microdeletion, confirming the deletion with chromosomal microarray, staging the elastin arteriopathy and coronary risk, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-13) ### growth-development-and-behaviour - [Adolescent transition for neurodevelopmental disability — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adolescent-transition-for-neurodevelopmental-disability) — Formative SAQs on structured transition planning, readiness and warm handoff for neurodevelopmental disability. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder) — Formative SAQs on multi-setting ADHD diagnosis, mimics and multimodal management. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Augmentative communication, assistive technology and adaptive equipment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/augmentative-communication-assistive-technology-and-adaptive-equipment) — Formative SAQs on AAC prescription, PECS/SGD evidence, seating/access and powered mobility for participation. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Autism spectrum disorder — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/autism-spectrum-disorder) — Formative SAQs on autism spectrum disorder assessment and management. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Behavioural assessment and functional analysis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/behavioural-assessment-and-functional-analysis) — Two formative SAQs on ABC functional assessment, four functions, PBS/FCT and limited medication after formulation. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Behavioural management of defiance and oppositional behaviours — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/behavioural-management-of-defiance-and-oppositional-behaviours) — Two formative SAQs on ODD versus CD formulation, coercive cycles, parent training first-line care and limited medication role. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Cerebral palsy early recognition and classification — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cerebral-palsy-early-recognition-and-classification) — Formative SAQs on CP definition, early detection tools and functional classification. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Cerebral palsy surveillance and multidisciplinary management — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cerebral-palsy-surveillance-and-multidisciplinary-management) — Two formative SAQs on GMFCS-linked hip surveillance, functional classification, tone pathways and medical-home coordination in cerebral palsy. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Children with developmental disability in acute care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/children-with-developmental-disability-in-acute-care) — Formative SAQs on diagnostic overshadowing, r-FLACC pain assessment and reasonable adjustments in acute care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Children with disability in school and community settings — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/children-with-disability-in-school-and-community-settings) — Formative SAQs on school medical letters, emergency plans and participation supports. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental assessment: history, examination and standardised tools — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/developmental-assessment-history-examination-and-standardised-tools) — Formative SAQs on structured developmental assessment, tools and first actions. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental coordination disorder — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/developmental-coordination-disorder) — Two formative SAQs on DCD criteria, red-flag exclusions, assessment tools and task-oriented management. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental delay: global diagnostic approach — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/developmental-delay-global-diagnostic-approach) — Formative SAQs on global developmental delay diagnostic approach. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental regression — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/developmental-regression-urgent-diagnostic-approach) — Formative SAQs on urgent recognition and work-up of developmental regression. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Early intervention and developmental care planning — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/early-intervention-and-developmental-care-planning) — Formative SAQs on parallel referral, family-centred care plans and urgent developmental gates. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Family-centred developmental care and goal setting — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/family-centred-developmental-care-and-goal-setting) — Formative SAQs on PFCC principles, F-words/ICF-CY framing and GAS/COPM goal co-production. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Feeding problems, food refusal and selective eating — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/feeding-problems-food-refusal-and-selective-eating) — Two formative short-answer questions on classifying selective eating versus PFD/ARFID and building a stepwise multidisciplinary plan without force-feeding. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [General movements and HINE — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/general-movements-assessment-and-hammersmith-infant-neurological-examination) — Formative SAQs on GMs windows, HINE optimality and combined early CP detection. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Hearing impairment and development — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hearing-impairment-and-development) — Formative SAQs on PCHI management, mild loss and post-meningitis pathways. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Intellectual developmental disorder — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/intellectual-developmental-disorder) — Two formative SAQs on IDD diagnostic criteria, GDD framing, aetiological evaluation and longitudinal care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Motor delay, hypotonia and the floppy infant — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/motor-delay-hypotonia-and-the-floppy-infant) — Two formative SAQs on central versus peripheral localisation, can't-miss SMA and botulism pathways, and structured first-line work-up. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Neurodiversity-affirming developmental care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neurodiversity-affirming-developmental-care) — Formative SAQs on person–environment fit, double empathy, camouflaging/burnout, language preference and closed-loop affirming plans. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal cognitive, emotional and behavioural development — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/normal-cognitive-emotional-and-behavioural-development) — Formative SAQs on age-expected cognition, temperament, self-regulation and action thresholds. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal growth from fetal life through adolescence — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/normal-growth-from-fetal-life-through-adolescence) — Formative SAQs on ICP growth physiology, chart selection and normal-variant versus pathological short stature. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal language, communication and social development — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/normal-language-communication-and-social-development) — Formative SAQs on normal language and social-communication milestones, red flags and bedside plans. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal motor development and developmental variation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/normal-motor-development-and-developmental-variation) — Formative SAQs on WHO motor windows, healthy variation, bedside exam and first-line action bands. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [School refusal and school attendance problems — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/school-refusal-and-school-attendance-problems) — Formative SAQs on Kearney functional analysis, anxious refusal versus truancy, graded return-to-school, and SSRI evidence for underlying anxiety. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Sensory processing differences — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/sensory-processing-differences) — Formative SAQs on sensory feature classification, assessment, therapy evidence and ethics of care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Social communication concerns and autism recognition — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/social-communication-concerns-and-autism-recognition) — Formative SAQs on autism red flags, screening limits and early referral. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Specific learning disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/specific-learning-disorders) — Two formative SAQs on SLD domain classification, medical evaluation, vision-therapy counselling and stepwise school–health management. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Speech and language delay — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/speech-and-language-delay) — Two formative SAQs on speech versus language classification, hearing pathway, late talker versus DLD, and concurrent referral. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Temper tantrums, aggression and emotional dysregulation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/temper-tantrums-aggression-and-emotional-dysregulation) — Two formative SAQs on developmental versus impairing tantrums, ABC assessment, parenting first-line care, corporal punishment counselling and specialist escalation. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toilet training and elimination behaviour — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/toilet-training-and-elimination-behaviour) — Formative SAQs on toilet-training readiness, enuresis classification and non-punitive elimination management. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Visual impairment and development — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/visual-impairment-and-development) — Formative SAQs on visual impairment and developmental impact. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) ### haematology-oncology-and-transfusion - [Anaemia: diagnostic approach — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/anaemia-diagnostic-approach) — Formative SAQs on the MCV-based diagnostic approach to paediatric anaemia. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Aplastic anaemia and bone-marrow failure: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/aplastic-anaemia-and-bone-marrow-failure) — Short-answer questions on aplastic anaemia and inherited bone marrow failure in children, covering the Camitta severity criteria, the immune-mediated pathophysiology, the inherited (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Bleeding child: diagnostic approach: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/bleeding-child-diagnostic-approach) — Short-answer questions covering a preschool child with immune thrombocytopenia and a separate boy with a possible haemophilia, exploring the platelet-versus-coagulation diagnostic (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Blood-component therapy in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/blood-component-therapy-in-children) — Short-answer questions on blood-component therapy in children, covering the per-kilogram doses of red cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate, the restrictive tra (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Bone and soft-tissue sarcomas — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/bone-and-soft-tissue-sarcomas) — Formative SAQs on bone and soft-tissue sarcomas in children: recognising osteosarcoma from the persistent non-mechanical limb pain and the radiographic pattern, applying the never- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Brain and spinal tumours: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/brain-and-spinal-tumours) — Short-answer questions on brain and spinal tumours in children, covering the recognition of raised intracranial pressure, the posterior fossa predominance with medulloblastoma, cer (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cancer therapy complications and supportive care: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cancer-therapy-complications-and-supportive-care) — Short-answer questions on the complications of anticancer therapy and the supportive care that surrounds it in children, covering chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting risk-stra (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Childhood cancer warning signs and diagnostic pathways: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/childhood-cancer-warning-signs-and-diagnostic-pathways) — Short-answer questions on the warning signs and diagnostic pathways of childhood cancer, covering the persistent-progressive principle, the five red-flag clusters, the primary-care (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/disseminated-intravascular-coagulation) — Short-answer questions on disseminated intravascular coagulation in children, covering the trigger-driven acquired syndrome of systemic intravascular coagulation, the ISTH overt-di (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Febrile neutropenia and infection in oncology: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/febrile-neutropenia-and-infection-in-oncology) — Short-answer questions on febrile neutropenia in the child with cancer. The first prompt covers a febrile neutropenic child on induction for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, asking f (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Full blood count and blood-film interpretation in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/full-blood-count-and-blood-film-interpretation-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric full blood count and blood-film interpretation: an eighteen-month-old with microcytic anaemia and a heavy milk intake testing the age-specific inte (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [G6PD deficiency and enzymopathies: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/g6pd-deficiency-and-enzymopathies) — Short-answer questions on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in children covering an acute haemolytic crisis in a boy after fava beans, including the mechanism of oxidati (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Germ-cell tumours: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/germ-cell-tumours) — Short-answer questions on germ cell tumours in children, covering the primordial germ cell origin and the midline distribution, the bimodal age distribution, the tumour markers alp (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/haematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation) — Short-answer questions on haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in children, covering the autologous-versus-allogeneic classification, the donor hierarchy and the HLA matching, (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Haemolytic anaemia: diagnostic approach: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/haemolytic-anaemia-diagnostic-approach) — Short-answer questions covering a school-age child with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and a separate boy with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency crisis, exploring the dia (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Haemophilia A and B — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/haemophilia-a-and-b) — Formative SAQs on haemophilia A and B: the factor-level severity classification, the isolated prolonged APTT and the exclusion of von Willebrand disease, the primary prophylaxis ev (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hereditary spherocytosis and membrane disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hereditary-spherocytosis-and-membrane-disorders) — Formative SAQs on hereditary spherocytosis and the inherited red cell membrane disorders: the clinical triad and blood film, the eosin-5-maleimide binding test, the severity spectr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Iron deficiency anaemia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/iron-deficiency-anaemia) — Formative SAQs on iron deficiency anaemia in children, covering the WHO age-banded thresholds, the ferritin-gated classification of the microcytic anaemias, the hepcidin-ferroporti (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Leukaemia in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/leukaemia-in-children) — Short-answer questions on leukaemia in children, covering the separation of acute lymphoblastic from acute myeloid leukaemia, the recognition and prevention of tumour lysis syndrom (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Long-term follow-up and late effects of childhood cancer: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/long-term-follow-up-and-late-effects-of-childhood-cancer) — Short-answer questions on the long-term follow-up and late effects of childhood cancer, covering the over eighty percent five-year survival and the chronic health condition burden, (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Lymphoma in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/lymphoma-in-children) — Short-answer questions on lymphoma in children, covering the separation of Hodgkin from non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the four high-grade paediatric non-Hodgkin subtypes, the urgent dia (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Megaloblastic and macrocytic anaemia: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/megaloblastic-and-macrocytic-anaemia) — Short-answer questions on megaloblastic and macrocytic anaemia covering the distinction of macrocytosis from megaloblastic anaemia, the methylmalonic acid and homocysteine metaboli (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neuroblastoma: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neuroblastoma) — Short-answer questions on neuroblastoma in children, covering the neural crest origin and catecholamine secretion, the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group staging system, the MY (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neutropenia and neutrophil disorders: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neutropenia-and-neutrophil-disorders) — Short-answer questions on neutropenia in children. The first prompt covers a febrile severely neutropenic three-year-old on chemotherapy, asking for the first-hour resuscitation an (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pancytopenia and marrow infiltration: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pancytopenia-and-marrow-infiltration) — Short-answer questions on pancytopenia and marrow infiltration in children, covering the empty-versus-full marrow distinction, the leucoerythroblastic film and myelophthisis, the u (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sickle cell acute complications: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/sickle-cell-acute-complications) — Short-answer questions on the acute complications of sickle cell disease in children, covering the vaso-occlusive pain crisis with its analgesia and fluids, acute chest syndrome wi (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sickle cell disease: diagnosis and health maintenance: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/sickle-cell-disease-diagnosis-and-health-maintenance) — Short-answer questions on the diagnosis and health maintenance of sickle cell disease in children, covering the newborn-screen diagnosis by haemoglobin electrophoresis, the penicil (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Thalassaemia syndromes: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/thalassaemia-syndromes) — Short-answer questions on the thalassaemia syndromes in children, covering the pathophysiology of ineffective erythropoiesis, the haemoglobin electrophoresis diagnosis, the regular (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/thrombocytopenia-and-immune-thrombocytopenia) — Short-answer questions on thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia in children, covering the diagnosis of isolated thrombocytopenia under 100 times ten to the nine per litre in (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Transfusion reactions and massive transfusion: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/transfusion-reactions-and-massive-transfusion) — Short-answer questions on transfusion reactions and massive transfusion in children, covering the stop-the-transfusion rule, the bedside distinction of TACO from TRALI, the mechani (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tumour lysis syndrome and oncologic emergencies: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/tumour-lysis-syndrome-and-oncologic-emergencies) — Short-answer questions on tumour lysis syndrome and the paediatric oncologic emergencies, covering the Cairo-Bishop classification of the laboratory and the clinical syndrome with (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism and thrombophilia in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/venous-thromboembolism-pulmonary-embolism-and-thrombophilia-in-children) — Formative SAQs on paediatric venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism and thrombophilia: the provoked and central-venous-catheter-associated epidemiology, the Virchow triad patho (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Von Willebrand disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/von-willebrand-disease) — Formative SAQs on von Willebrand disease: the Sadler 1994 classification into type 1, the type 2 subtypes and type 3, the two functions of von Willebrand factor, the diagnostic pan (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Wilms tumour and renal malignancies: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/wilms-tumour-and-renal-malignancies) — Short-answer questions on Wilms tumour and the paediatric renal malignancies, covering the recognition of the painless abdominal mass with the haematuria and hypertension, the peak (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### infectious-diseases - [Animal bites, arthropod bites and zoonoses: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/animal-bites-arthropod-bites-and-zoonoses) — Short-answer questions on paediatric animal bites and zoonoses covering an infected hand cat bite requiring prophylaxis and the hand-bite rule, and a bat scratch in an Australian c (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Antimicrobial pharmacology, selection, dosing and stewardship in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/antimicrobial-pharmacology-selection-dosing-and-stewardship-in-children) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions covering developmental pharmacokinetics and weight-based dosing, empiric drug selection using WHO AWaRe, vancomycin and aminoglycosid (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Approach to fever by age and immune status — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/approach-to-fever-by-age-and-immune-status) — Formative SAQs on the age- and immune-status-aware approach to the febrile child. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Bacteraemia and occult bloodstream infection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/bacteraemia-and-occult-bloodstream-infection) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on bacteraemia and occult bloodstream infection: (1) the well-appearing vaccinated toddler with fever without focus, and the modern a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Brain abscess and intracranial suppuration — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/brain-abscess-and-intracranial-suppuration) — Formative SAQs on recognising brain abscess and intracranial suppuration, the imaging and microbiology strategy, empiric and tailored antibiotic therapy, the aspiration-versus-exci (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Cellulitis, abscess and necrotising soft-tissue infection: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cellulitis-abscess-and-necrotising-soft-tissue-infection) — Short-answer questions on a febrile school-age child with a rapidly progressive, painful skin lesion, covering recognition of necrotising fasciitis, the LRINEC score, empiric antib (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Common viral exanthems — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/common-viral-exanthems-including-roseola-and-erythema-infectiosum) — Formative SAQs on the common viral exanthems of childhood: the assessment and management of a non-immune pregnant woman exposed to a child with erythema infectiosum, and the assess (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital syphilis and perinatal sexually transmitted infections — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-syphilis-and-perinatal-sexually-transmitted-infections) — Formative SAQs on congenital syphilis and the perinatal sexually transmitted infections: the stepwise management of a septic-appearing two-week-old with early congenital syphilis ( (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/covid-19-and-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children) — Short-answer questions on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children covering a school-age child with persistent fever, abdominal pain, and shock appearing three weeks after a C (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Dengue and other arboviral infections: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/dengue-and-other-arboviral-infections) — Short-answer questions on paediatric dengue covering a returned traveller entering the plasma-leak critical phase, including WHO 2009 classification and warning signs, serial haema (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Device-associated and healthcare-associated infection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/device-associated-and-healthcare-associated-infection) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on device-associated and healthcare-associated infection in children, covering NHSN surveillance definitions, the multimodal preventi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Enteric fever and invasive bacterial enteritis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/enteric-fever-and-invasive-bacterial-enteritis) — Formative SAQs on the recognition of enteric fever, XDR-aware antibiotic choice, the STEC-HUS danger, and the public-health response to invasive bacterial enteritis. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/epstein-barr-virus-and-cytomegalovirus-infection) — Formative SAQs on EBV and CMV infection: the management of a newborn with suspected congenital CMV — the 21-day diagnostic window, valganciclovir treatment and audiology surveillan (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Fever in the returned traveller — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/fever-in-the-returned-traveller) — Formative SAQs on the structured assessment, investigation and severity-driven management of the febrile returning traveller, including the same-day malaria film, the single-negati (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Fungal infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/fungal-infections-in-immunocompetent-and-immunocompromised-children) — Formative SAQs on fungal infections in children: the assessment and management of a persistent febrile neutropenic child with suspected invasive fungal disease, and the diagnosis a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hand-foot-and-mouth disease and enterovirus infection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-and-enterovirus-infection) — Formative SAQs on HFMD and enterovirus infection: the stepwise management of a child with classic HFMD complicated by enterovirus 71 brainstem encephalitis (recognition, escalation (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hepatitis A, B, C and E in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hepatitis-a-b-c-and-e-in-children) — Formative SAQs on hepatitis A, B, C and E in children: the assessment and management of a neonate born to an HBsAg-positive mother, and the diagnosis, treatment and counselling of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Herpes simplex infection in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/herpes-simplex-infection-in-children) — Formative SAQs on herpes simplex infection in children: the assessment and management of a febrile neonate with possible neonatal HSV, and the management and outcome determinants o (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [HIV exposure and infection in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hiv-exposure-and-infection-in-children) — Formative SAQs on paediatric HIV: the stepwise management of an HIV-exposed infant from delivery to confirmation of status (PMTCT cascade, infant prophylaxis, cotrimoxazole, PCR ti (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Infection prevention, isolation and outbreak management — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/infection-prevention-isolation-and-outbreak-management) — Formative SAQs on infection prevention and control in the paediatric setting: the management of a norovirus gastroenteritis outbreak on a ward (case definition, early containment, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Infections in immunocompromised children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/infections-in-immunocompromised-children) — Formative SAQs on the approach to infections in immunocompromised children. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Influenza and antiviral treatment: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/influenza-and-antiviral-treatment) — Short-answer questions on a febrile infant in influenza season who presents with poor feeding and apnoea and then develops a biphasic deterioration, covering the atypical infant pr (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Malaria in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/malaria-in-children) — Short-answer questions on paediatric severe malaria covering a febrile returned traveller with impaired consciousness, including severity recognition, blood film and rapid diagnost (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Measles, rubella and congenital rubella — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/measles-rubella-and-congenital-rubella) — Formative SAQs on measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome: the stepwise management of an unvaccinated febrile child with a cephalocaudal rash and Koplik spots (vitamin A, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Meningitis and encephalitis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/meningitis-and-encephalitis) — Short-answer questions on paediatric bacterial meningitis covering a febrile preschool child with headache and neck stiffness, including assessment, CSF interpretation, and empiric (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Mumps — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/mumps) — Formative SAQs on mumps: the management of a postpubertal male presenting with parotitis and orchitis (including torsion exclusion and the public-health response), and the diagnosi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Paediatric sepsis: diagnosis, antimicrobial treatment and source control — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paediatric-sepsis-diagnosis-antimicrobial-treatment-and-source-control) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on paediatric sepsis, covering Phoenix-criteria recognition, the first-hour bundle (cultures, empiric antibiotic within one hour, jud (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Parasitic infections in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/parasitic-infections-in-children) — Short-answer questions on paediatric parasitic infections covering a child with chronic diarrhoea and failure to thrive from giardiasis, including diagnostic test selection, treatm (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Pertussis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pertussis) — Formative SAQs on pertussis: the management of an infant presenting with apnoea and a household cough contact, and the diagnosis, treatment and public-health management of a school (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Post-arrival infection screening — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/international-adoption-immigration-and-refugee-infection-screening) — Formative SAQs on the comprehensive post-arrival infection screen for internationally adopted, immigrant and refugee children, including the must-not-miss five (tuberculosis, HIV, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Prolonged, recurrent and periodic fever — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/prolonged-recurrent-and-periodic-fever) — Formative SAQs on patterning prolonged versus recurrent versus periodic fever, recognising PFAPA from the Marshall and Thomas criteria with a rise-then-fall CRP, distinguishing the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/staphylococcal-scalded-skin-syndrome) — Short-answer questions on a febrile infant with rapidly spreading tender erythema and sheet-like desquamation, covering recognition of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, the des (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Travel medicine and pre-travel advice for children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/travel-medicine-and-pre-travel-advice-for-children) — Formative SAQs on the structured risk assessment and four-lane pre-travel plan for children, including the four-to-six-week timing window, age-appropriate malaria chemoprophylaxis, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Tuberculosis in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/tuberculosis-in-children) — Two formative short-answer questions on the exposure-infection-disease spectrum, the age-and-immunity pathophysiology, symptom-and-contact assessment, chest radiograph and Xpert MT (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Undifferentiated fever and fever without a source in infants and children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/undifferentiated-fever-and-fever-without-a-source-in-infants-and-children) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on the evaluation and management of the febrile infant and child without a localising source. Covers age-stratified risk assessment, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/urinary-tract-infection-and-pyelonephritis) — Short-answer questions on paediatric pyelonephritis covering a febrile infant with suspected UTI, including urine sampling by age, urinalysis and culture interpretation, and empiri (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Vaccine-preventable disease outbreak response — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/vaccine-preventable-disease-outbreak-response) — Formative SAQs on the systematic response to a vaccine-preventable disease outbreak in children: the stepwise management of a measles outbreak in an under-vaccinated school (isolat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Varicella and herpes zoster — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/varicella-and-herpes-zoster) — Formative SAQs on varicella and herpes zoster: the risk-stratified management of an immunocompromised child with primary varicella, and the assessment and public-health management (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Viral upper respiratory tract infection and the common cold — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/viral-upper-respiratory-tract-infection-and-the-common-cold) — Two formative short-answer questions on viral upper respiratory tract infection and the common cold in children: a well child with a cold whose nasal discharge has turned purulent, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### investigations-procedures-and-technology - [Abdominal radiograph and acute imaging decisions — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/abdominal-radiograph-and-acute-imaging-decisions) — Formative SAQs on the role of the abdominal radiograph in the acute paediatric abdomen, the ALARA principle and the Pearce 2012 radiation-risk evidence, the ultrasound-first pathwa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Abscess drainage and minor procedures — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/abscess-drainage-and-minor-procedures) — Formative SAQs on abscess drainage and minor paediatric procedures: the bedside decision between a drainable abscess, cellulitis and a necrotising soft tissue infection; the weight (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Airway suction, oxygen devices and nebuliser technique: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/airway-suction-oxygen-devices-and-nebuliser-technique) — Short-answer questions on an infant with bronchiolitis failing low-flow oxygen, covering oxygen device classification and escalation, suction technique and complications, and the c (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Artificial intelligence and clinical decision support in paediatrics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/artificial-intelligence-and-clinical-decision-support-in-paediatrics) — Formative SAQs on the four classes of paediatric AI, how a machine-learning prediction model is built and where it fails, the validation ladder, the sensitivity-specificity-thresho (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Audiology and hearing-test interpretation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/audiology-and-hearing-test-interpretation) — Formative SAQs on paediatric audiogram, tympanometry, otoacoustic emissions and ABR interpretation: the degree and type of hearing loss, the Jerger classification, the OAE-to-ABR d (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Bag-mask ventilation and basic airway adjuncts: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/bag-mask-ventilation-and-basic-airway-adjuncts) — Short-answer questions on an apnoeic, bradycardic infant needing immediate airway and ventilation, covering manual ventilation device classification, one- and two-person technique, (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Blood gas, electrolyte and acid-base interpretation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/blood-gas-electrolyte-and-acid-base-interpretation) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on paediatric blood gas, electrolyte and acid-base interpretation: the five-step systematic method applied to a high-anion-gap metabo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Bone-marrow aspiration and biopsy principles — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/bone-marrow-aspiration-and-biopsy-principles) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in children: the principle that aspirate and trephine are complementary samples taken at one sit (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Central venous and arterial access in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/central-venous-and-arterial-access-in-children) — Formative SAQs on choosing the site, preparing the child, and performing ultrasound-guided central venous and arterial access in children, and on preventing and managing complicati (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chest decompression and intercostal drain insertion — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/chest-decompression-and-intercostal-drain-insertion) — Formative SAQs on chest decompression and intercostal drain insertion in children: the clinical diagnosis of tension pneumothorax and the immediate needle decompression at the seco (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chest radiograph interpretation in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/chest-radiograph-interpretation-in-children) — Formative SAQs on the technical-quality check, the ABCDEFGH systematic approach, the normal paediatric-specific findings, the radiographic signs, the neonatal film and line positio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Defibrillation, cardioversion and transcutaneous pacing — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/defibrillation-cardioversion-and-transcutaneous-pacing) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on paediatric cardiac electrical therapy: delivering an unsynchronised defibrillation shock to a child in ventricular fibrillation at (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Developmental, cognitive and behavioural assessment tools — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/developmental-cognitive-and-behavioural-assessment-tools) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on developmental, cognitive and behavioural assessment tools: the principle that surveillance, screening and diagnostic assessment ar (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Echocardiography fundamentals for general paediatricians — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/echocardiography-fundamentals-for-general-paediatricians) — Formative SAQs on the modalities and Z-scores of the paediatric echocardiogram, the systematic report read, the modified Bernoulli equation, and the prostaglandin resuscitation of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Electrocardiogram acquisition and interpretation in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/electrocardiogram-acquisition-and-interpretation-in-children) — Formative SAQs on the acquisition, age-specific normal ranges, systematic interpretation, and high-yield abnormal patterns of the paediatric 12-lead ECG, including the QTc, right v (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Endotracheal intubation and emergency airway equipment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/endotracheal-intubation-and-emergency-airway-equipment) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on paediatric endotracheal intubation: deciding when to secure a definitive airway and sizing the tube, blade and depth by age, and p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Gastrostomy, tracheostomy and central-line troubleshooting — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/gastrostomy-tracheostomy-and-central-line-troubleshooting) — Formative SAQs on recognising the failure modes of the paediatric gastrostomy, tracheostomy and central venous catheter and running the correct bedside algorithm — the tracheostomy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Genetic and metabolic test selection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/genetic-and-metabolic-test-selection) — Formative SAQs on the resolution ladder of genetic testing, the diagnostic yields of microarray, exome and rapid whole-genome sequencing, the principles of newborn bloodspot screen (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Intraosseous access — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/intraosseous-access) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on intraosseous access in children: deciding when to stop attempting intravenous access and place an intraosseous needle in a shocked (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Joint aspiration — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/joint-aspiration) — Formative SAQs on the indications, relative contraindications, prediction rules, ultrasound-guided technique, synovial fluid interpretation and complications of joint aspiration in (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lumbar puncture in infants and children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/lumbar-puncture-in-infants-and-children) — Formative SAQs on the indications, contraindications, positioning, technique, CSF interpretation and complications of lumbar puncture in infants and children, including the antibio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Medical devices, digital health and remote monitoring — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/medical-devices-digital-health-and-remote-monitoring) — Formative SAQs on the four classes of paediatric medical device, the continuous glucose monitor and pulse oximeter sensor physiologies, the ambulatory glucose profile targets, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Nasogastric tube insertion and verification — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/nasogastric-tube-insertion-and-verification) — Formative SAQs on nasogastric tube insertion and verification in children: the pH verification rule at a threshold of 5.5 or less, the rejection of the deprecated methods, the age- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Neuroimaging selection and radiation-aware practice — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neuroimaging-selection-and-radiation-aware-practice) — Formative SAQs on the choice between CT, MRI, cranial ultrasound and skull radiograph in children, the PECARN head injury prediction rules, the ALARA principle, the attributable ca (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Paediatric ultrasound and point of care ultrasound — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paediatric-ultrasound-and-point-of-care-ultrasound) — Formative SAQs on the probe selection, lung ultrasound artefact repertoire, the BLUE protocol, the focused assessment with sonography in trauma and its limited sensitivity in child (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Paediatric venepuncture and peripheral intravenous access — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paediatric-venepuncture-and-peripheral-intravenous-access) — Formative SAQs on paediatric venepuncture and peripheral intravenous cannulation, covering site and gauge selection, the comfort bundle, ultrasound-guided access and the management (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-17) - [Point-of-care glucose, ketone and urinalysis testing — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/point-of-care-glucose-ketone-and-urinalysis-testing) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on the three core paediatric point-of-care tests: the capillary blood glucose meter and its inaccuracy in the neonate from the high h (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Procedural consent, preparation and child-life support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/procedural-consent-preparation-and-child-life-support) — Formative SAQs on valid consent, assent and capacity for paediatric procedures; the structured pre-procedure preparation conversation by developmental age; the bedside comfort bund (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Procedural pain: topical anaesthesia, preparation, distraction and non-pharmacological support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/procedural-pain-topical-anaesthesia-preparation-distraction-and-non-pharmacological-support) — Formative SAQs on the multi-modal comfort bundle for procedural pain in infants and children: agent choice, doses and timings, the methaemoglobinaemia risk of EMLA in the young inf (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Radiation protection and imaging stewardship — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/radiation-protection-and-imaging-stewardship) — Formative SAQs on the three pillars of radiological protection in children, the linear-no-threshold risk model and the cohort risk estimates, the CT and fluoroscopy dose quantities (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Safe paediatric procedural sedation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/safe-paediatric-procedural-sedation) — Formative SAQs on the safe conduct of procedural sedation and analgesia in children: the sedation depth continuum, pre-sedation assessment, fasting and monitoring, the pharmacology (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Simple laceration repair and wound management — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/simple-laceration-repair-and-wound-management) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on simple laceration repair and wound management in children: assessing a clean facial laceration and choosing the closure method, an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Suprapubic aspiration and urinary catheterisation: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/suprapubic-aspiration-and-urinary-catheterisation) — Short-answer questions on suprapubic aspiration and urinary catheterisation covering the urine collection methods and their contamination rates, the suprapubic aspiration landmark (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Umbilical venous and arterial catheterisation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/umbilical-venous-and-arterial-catheterisation) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on umbilical venous and arterial catheterisation in newborns: the two vessel types and courses with the high and low arterial positio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic - [Acute behavioural disturbance and agitation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-behavioural-disturbance-and-agitation) — Two formative short-answer questions on recognising and managing acute behavioural disturbance and agitation in a child or adolescent: the least-restrictive ladder, verbal de-escal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/anxiety-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents) — Formative SAQs on distinguishing disorder from normal developmental fear, multi-informant assessment with SCARED/SCAS/RCADS, stepped care with exposure-based CBT and SSRI evidence (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Attachment disorders and relational trauma — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/attachment-disorders-and-relational-trauma) — Two formative SAQs on the two-disorder DSM-5-TR structure, caregiving-history assessment, the BEIP / ABC / Child-Parent Psychotherapy evidence, no first-line medication, no coerciv (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/avoidant-restrictive-food-intake-disorder) — Two formative short-answer questions on avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: holding the boundary with anorexia nervosa, classifying the driver pattern, protecting nutrition (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Child and adolescent suicide and self-harm assessment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/child-and-adolescent-suicide-and-self-harm-assessment) — Two formative short-answer questions on suicide risk assessment, distinguishing non-suicidal self-injury from suicidal self-harm, risk stratification, safety planning and means res (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Children of parents with mental illness or substance use — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/children-of-parents-with-mental-illness-or-substance-use) — Two formative SAQs on the heightened-but-probabilistic offspring-risk picture, the gene-environment-interplay mechanism, the Weissman STARD-child evidence that treating the parent (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Chronic fatigue and post-viral fatigue syndromes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/chronic-fatigue-and-post-viral-fatigue-syndromes) — Two formative short-answer questions on chronic fatigue and post-viral fatigue syndromes in young people: validating biopsychosocial assessment, the three-month paediatric threshol (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Collaborative care with child and adolescent mental-health services — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/collaborative-care-with-child-and-adolescent-mental-health-services) — Formative SAQs on the four models of paediatric–CAMHS collaboration, the treatment-gap rationale, stepped-care tiers, shared assessment with SDQ screening and consent for informati (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Conduct disorder and antisocial behaviour — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/conduct-disorder-and-antisocial-behaviour) — Formative SAQs on the rights-violation definition of conduct disorder, the Moffitt taxonomy, the callous-unemotional specifier, risk and safeguarding, and the NICE CG158 stepped-ca (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Delirium in children and adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/delirium-in-children-and-adolescents) — Formative SAQs on the DSM-5-TR diagnosis of paediatric delirium, motoric subtypes, CAPD screening, the benzodiazepine causal link, the ABCDEF bundle, and antipsychotics as last res (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Depressive disorders in children and adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/depressive-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents) — Formative SAQs on the criteria-based diagnosis of paediatric depression, suicide-risk assessment, stepped care, fluoxetine as first-line SSRI, and the black-box warning used wisely (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder) — Formative SAQs on the criteria-clock diagnosis of DMDD, the bipolar and ODD rule-outs, the behaviour-therapy-first stepped plan, and the adjunctive use of medication for comorbidit (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Early-onset psychosis and mania — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/early-onset-psychosis-and-mania) — Formative SAQs on running the psychosis-mania gate: organic exclusion before any psychiatric label, duration of untreated psychosis, TEOSS pharmacotherapy, distinguishing mania fro (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Emergency mental-health assessment and disposition — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/emergency-mental-health-assessment-and-disposition) — Two formative short-answer questions on assessing and dispositioning a child or young person presenting to the emergency department in a mental-health crisis: the rapid safety and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Family assessment and family interventions — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/family-assessment-and-family-interventions) — Two formative SAQs on systematic family assessment (genogram, family-functioning measure, dyad observation), the three named mechanisms, intensity-matched intervention selection ac (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Functional neurological symptoms in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/functional-neurological-symptoms-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on positive diagnosis of paediatric FND, the PNES versus epilepsy distinction, iatrogenic perpetuation, the validating diagnosis conversation and stepped multidi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Grief, bereavement and adjustment disorder in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/grief-bereavement-and-adjustment-disorder-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on separating normal grief from prolonged grief disorder and adjustment disorder, the DSM-5-TR / ICD-11 structure, grief-versus-MDD-versus-PTSD, suicide and safe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Mental state examination in children and adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/mental-state-examination-in-children-and-adolescents) — Two formative short-answer questions on performing a paediatric and adolescent mental state examination: setting the conditions, the seven domains, developmental adaptation, valida (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-in-children) — Formative SAQs on paediatric OCD recognition, differential and stepped CBT-with-ERP care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Pica and rumination disorder — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pica-and-rumination-disorder) — Formative SAQs on pica and rumination disorder in children and adolescents. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma responses — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-and-trauma-responses) — Two formative SAQs on the trauma-response continuum, trauma-informed assessment, stepped care with trauma-focused CBT first-line, watchful waiting, and safeguarding disposition. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Psychological impact of chronic illness and disability — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/psychological-impact-of-chronic-illness-and-disability) — Two formative short-answer questions on the psychological impact of chronic illness and disability in children and adolescents: the biopsychosocial, resilience-oriented model, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Psychopharmacology and psychotropic medicines in children and adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/psychopharmacology-and-psychotropic-medicines-in-children-and-adolescents) — Two formative short-answer questions on psychopharmacology in children and adolescents: choosing, starting and monitoring an SSRI for adolescent depression (TADS, suicidality warni (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Selective mutism — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/selective-mutism) — Formative SAQs on selective mutism recognition, the hearing-first differential and behavioural-intervention-first care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Somatic symptom and related disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders) — Two formative short-answer questions on somatic symptom and related disorders in children and adolescents: the DSM-5 positive-criteria principle, validation, single red-flag screen (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Substance intoxication, withdrawal and use disorders in youth — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/substance-intoxication-withdrawal-and-use-disorders-in-youth) — Formative SAQs on separating intoxication, withdrawal and the use disorder, CRAFFT screening, SBIRT stepped care, the buprenorphine pathway, and the cannabis-psychosis link. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes - [Acid-base disorders in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acid-base-disorders-in-children) — Formative SAQs on paediatric acid-base disorders, covering the six-step systematic approach to a blood gas, the anion gap and its albumin correction, Winters formula for compensati (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute kidney injury: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-kidney-injury) — Short-answer questions on paediatric acute kidney injury covering a six-year-old with septic shock and oliguria, the KDIGO definition and staging, the staged emergency management o (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute nephritic syndrome and glomerulonephritis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-nephritic-syndrome-and-glomerulonephritis) — Two formative SAQs on acute nephritic syndrome: a six-year-old with cola-coloured urine, periorbital oedema and a low C3 two weeks after a sore throat, testing the post-streptococc (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Antenatal hydronephrosis and postnatal evaluation: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/antenatal-hydronephrosis-and-postnatal-evaluation) — Short-answer questions on antenatal hydronephrosis and postnatal evaluation covering the grading systems, the timing of the first postnatal ultrasound, the investigation pathway, a (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Calcium, magnesium and phosphate disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/calcium-magnesium-and-phosphate-disorders) — Formative SAQs on disorders of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in children and adolescents, covering the emergency management of symptomatic hypocalcaemia with calcium gluconate, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic kidney disease and progression: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/chronic-kidney-disease-and-progression) — Short-answer questions on paediatric chronic kidney disease covering a boy with posterior urethral valves and progressive CKD, the KDIGO staging and Schwartz estimation, the nephro (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-anomalies-of-the-kidney-and-urinary-tract) — Short-answer questions on congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract covering a male neonate with posterior urethral valves, the classification and embryology of CAKUT, t (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Dehydration and oral or intravenous rehydration: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/dehydration-and-oral-or-intravenous-rehydration) — Short-answer questions on paediatric dehydration and rehydration covering a 14-month-old with hypernatraemic dehydration from gastroenteritis, the clinical dehydration scale, the s (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Fluid maintenance and deficit replacement — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/fluid-maintenance-and-deficit-replacement) — Formative SAQs on prescribing intravenous fluid in children, covering the Holliday-Segar maintenance rule, the choice of isotonic maintenance fluid with dextrose and potassium, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Haematuria: diagnostic approach — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/haematuria-diagnostic-approach) — Two formative SAQs on haematuria in children: a school-age child with cola-coloured urine two weeks after a sore throat testing the recognition, complement pattern and management o (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Haemolytic uraemic syndrome: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/haemolytic-uraemic-syndrome) — Short-answer questions on paediatric haemolytic uraemic syndrome covering a three-year-old with pallor and oliguria after bloody diarrhoea, the distinction between STEC-HUS and aty (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hypokalaemia-and-hyperkalaemia) — Formative SAQs on hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia in children and adolescents, covering the emergency management of hyperkalaemia with ECG changes, the calcium-first rule, salbutamo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hyponatraemia-and-hypernatraemia) — Formative SAQs on hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia in children and adolescents, covering the emergency management of severe symptomatic hyponatraemia with 3 percent hypertonic sali (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hypospadias, cryptorchidism and common male genital disorders: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hypospadias-cryptorchidism-and-common-male-genital-disorders) — Short-answer questions on hypospadias, cryptorchidism and the common male genital disorders covering the classification of hypospadias, the timing and rationale of orchidopexy, the (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis nephritis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/iga-nephropathy-and-iga-vasculitis-nephritis) — Short-answer questions on paediatric IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis nephritis, covering a teenager with synpharyngitic macroscopic haematuria and a normal C3, the Oxford MEST-C (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Inherited tubulopathies: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/inherited-tubulopathies) — Short-answer questions on paediatric inherited tubulopathies covering a neonate with antenatal polyhydramnios and salt-wasting alkalosis (Bartter syndrome) and a contrast of Gitelm (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Kidney replacement therapy and dialysis in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/kidney-replacement-therapy-and-dialysis-in-children) — Short-answer questions on paediatric kidney replacement therapy covering a haemodynamically unstable child with acute kidney injury needing continuous renal replacement therapy, th (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Kidney transplantation in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/kidney-transplantation-in-children) — Short-answer questions on paediatric kidney transplantation covering an eight-year-old assessed for preemptive living-donor transplant, the standard immunosuppression regimen with (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Lupus nephritis and systemic disease: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/lupus-nephritis-and-systemic-disease) — Short-answer questions on paediatric lupus nephritis covering a 13-year-old girl with proliferative Class IV disease presenting with oedema, active urinary sediment, low complement (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/nephrolithiasis-and-nephrocalcinosis) — Formative SAQs on paediatric nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, covering the lumen-versus-parenchyma distinction, hypercalciuria and the metabolic workup, acute renal colic and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Neurogenic bladder and dysfunctional voiding: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neurogenic-bladder-and-dysfunctional-voiding) — Short-answer questions on neurogenic bladder and dysfunctional voiding covering an infant with myelomeningocele and a hostile high-pressure bladder, the urodynamic classification, (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Nocturnal enuresis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/nocturnal-enuresis) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric nocturnal enuresis: the school-age child with monosymptomatic bedwetting (assessment, classification and first-line therapy with alarm or desmopres (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oedema and nephrotic syndrome — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/oedema-and-nephrotic-syndrome) — Two formative SAQs on childhood nephrotic syndrome: a four-year-old with a first presentation of periorbital and ankle oedema and heavy proteinuria, testing the KDIGO 2021 definiti (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oliguria, anuria and urinary obstruction: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/oliguria-anuria-and-urinary-obstruction) — Short-answer questions on paediatric oliguria, anuria and urinary obstruction covering a male infant with posterior urethral valves and anuria, the urine output thresholds and the (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Polycystic kidney disease and inherited nephropathies: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/polycystic-kidney-disease-and-inherited-nephropathies) — Short-answer questions on paediatric polycystic kidney disease and inherited nephropathies covering a neonate with ARPKD and bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys with hepatic fibro (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Polyuria and polydipsia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/polyuria-and-polydipsia) — Formative SAQs on the diagnostic approach to a child with polyuria and polydipsia, covering the glucose-first exclusion of osmotic diuresis, the urine osmolality split into water v (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Post-infectious glomerulonephritis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/post-infectious-glomerulonephritis) — Short-answer questions on paediatric post-infectious glomerulonephritis covering a seven-year-old with smoky urine, periorbital oedema, and hypertension two weeks after a sore thro (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Posterior urethral valves: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/posterior-urethral-valves) — Short-answer questions on posterior urethral valves covering a male neonate with the Potter sequence, the immediate catheter decompression and biochemical stabilisation, the diagno (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Proteinuria: diagnostic approach — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/proteinuria-diagnostic-approach) — Two formative SAQs on the diagnostic approach to proteinuria in children: an asymptomatic 14-year-old with proteinuria on a school screen, testing the repeat first-morning discipli (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Renal tubular acidosis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/renal-tubular-acidosis) — Formative SAQs on renal tubular acidosis in children and adolescents, covering the three-type classification by potassium direction and urine pH, the urine anion gap as a surrogate (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Scrotal pain and testicular torsion: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/scrotal-pain-and-testicular-torsion) — Short-answer questions on scrotal pain and testicular torsion covering the recognition and the 6-hour salvage window, the TWIST score and the differentiation of torsion from torsio (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Urinalysis, renal function and paediatric kidney assessment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/urinalysis-renal-function-and-paediatric-kidney-assessment) — Two formative short-answer questions on bedside Schwartz eGFR calculation and staging, urine collection method, dipstick interpretation and the creatinine lag in a sick child. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Vesicoureteric reflux: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/vesicoureteric-reflux) — Short-answer questions on vesicoureteric reflux covering the International Reflux Study grading system, the RIVUR trial evidence on antimicrobial prophylaxis, the management ladder (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Vulvovaginal and common prepubertal gynaecological disorders: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/vulvovaginal-and-common-prepubertal-gynaecological-disorders) — Short-answer questions on the common prepubertal gynaecological disorders covering the classification and first-line management of vulvovaginitis, the conservative approach to labi (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) ### neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular - [Absence, focal and generalised epilepsies — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/absence-focal-and-generalised-epilepsies) — Formative SAQs on absence, focal and generalised epilepsies: classifying the seizure and the syndrome from the eyewitness account and the EEG, choosing the syndrome-matched first-c (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and demyelinating disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis-and-demyelinating-disease) — Formative SAQs on acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and the acquired demyelinating syndromes of childhood: recognising the first event and the mandatory encephalopathy that defi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Acute neuromuscular respiratory failure: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-neuromuscular-respiratory-failure) — Short-answer questions on paediatric acute neuromuscular respiratory failure covering the respiratory pump and the two mechanisms of failure, the bedside forced vital capacity, max (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Antiseizure medicines: selection, adverse effects and monitoring — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/antiseizure-medicines-selection-adverse-effects-and-monitoring) — Formative SAQs on antiseizure medicine selection, adverse effects and monitoring: classifying the drug by spectrum and enzyme effect, choosing the syndrome-matched first-choice med (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ataxia in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/ataxia-in-children) — Short-answer questions on ataxia in children covering the diagnosis and benign prognosis of post-infectious acute cerebellar ataxia, the red-flag screen and urgent imaging decision (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Autoimmune encephalitis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/autoimmune-encephalitis) — Short-answer questions on paediatric autoimmune encephalitis covering the Graus 2016 diagnostic criteria, the anti-NMDAR presentation across age groups, the first-line and second-l (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Brain death, death by neurological criteria and organ donation: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/brain-death-death-by-neurological-criteria-and-organ-donation) — Short-answer questions on brain death and death by neurological criteria in a child, covering the irreversible cessation of all function of the entire brain including the brainstem (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cerebral vascular malformations: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cerebral-vascular-malformations) — Short-answer questions on cerebral vascular malformations in children covering the classification, the haemorrhage presentation of the arteriovenous malformation, the imaging pathw (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Concussion and mild traumatic brain injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/concussion-and-mild-traumatic-brain-injury) — Two formative SAQs on concussion and mild traumatic brain injury: a fourteen-year-old rugby player who is briefly dazed after a tackle and plays on, testing the sideline recognitio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital myopathies and muscular dystrophies: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-myopathies-and-muscular-dystrophies) — Short-answer questions on paediatric congenital myopathies and congenital muscular dystrophies covering the creatine kinase fork, the merosin-deficient LAMA2 form with white matter (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Developmental regression and neurodegeneration — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/developmental-regression-and-neurodegeneration) — Formative SAQs on developmental regression and neurodegeneration: recognising regression as a red flag, distinguishing true progressive regression from plateau and static loss, rea (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/duchenne-and-becker-muscular-dystrophy) — Short-answer questions on Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy covering the creatine kinase and the genetic confirmation, the glucocorticoid backbone with prednisolone or deflaza (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Epilepsy syndromes by age — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/epilepsy-syndromes-by-age) — Formative SAQs on naming the ILAE 2022 epilepsy syndrome from age, seizure semiology and EEG; matching the syndrome to its first-choice antiseizure medicine; and recognising and av (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Febrile seizures: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/febrile-seizures) — Short-answer questions on febrile seizures covering the classification and acute termination of a prolonged convulsion, the case against routine prophylaxis, the 2011 AAP lumbar-pu (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [First seizure and seizure mimics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/first-seizure-and-seizure-mimics) — Two formative SAQs on the first seizure and its mimics: an eight-year-old who collapses and jerks briefly while standing in a hot assembly hall, testing the seizure-versus-syncope (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute flaccid paralysis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/guillain-barr-syndrome-and-acute-flaccid-paralysis) — Short-answer questions on paediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute flaccid paralysis covering the Brighton diagnostic criteria, the albuminocytological dissociation, the ascend (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Headache and migraine in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/headache-and-migraine-in-children) — Short-answer questions on headache and migraine in children covering the ICHD-3 diagnosis of migraine and the red-flag screen, the acute abortive pathway with ibuprofen and a tript (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hydrocephalus and shunt emergencies: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hydrocephalus-and-shunt-emergencies) — Short-answer questions on paediatric hydrocephalus and shunt emergencies covering the Rekate functional classification, the age-specific presentation of raised intracranial pressur (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/hypoxic-ischaemic-brain-injury) — Short-answer questions on paediatric hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury covering the primary versus secondary injury split, the THAPCA out-of-hospital and in-hospital trial results and (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Infantile spasms and developmental epileptic encephalopathy — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/infantile-spasms-and-developmental-epileptic-encephalopathy) — Formative SAQs on recognising West syndrome (infantile epileptic spasms syndrome) from clustered epileptic spasms, hypsarrhythmia and developmental regression, applying the ILAE 20 (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-16) - [Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/moderate-and-severe-traumatic-brain-injury) — Short-answer questions on moderate and severe paediatric traumatic brain injury covering the Glasgow Coma Scale severity bands and intubation threshold, the intracranial pressure t (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Movement disorders, dystonia and chorea: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/movement-disorders-dystonia-and-chorea) — Short-answer questions on paediatric movement disorders covering the classification of hyperkinetic movements, the status dystonicus emergency and its escalation ladder, the acute (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Myasthenia gravis and neuromuscular junction disorders: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/myasthenia-gravis-and-neuromuscular-junction-disorders) — Short-answer questions on paediatric myasthenia gravis and neuromuscular junction disorders covering the fatigable fluctuating weakness with preserved reflexes and pupils, the acet (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neural tube defects and spinal dysraphism: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neural-tube-defects-and-spinal-dysraphism) — Short-answer questions on paediatric neural tube defects and spinal dysraphism covering the periconceptional folic acid prophylaxis, the open and closed classification, the materna (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurodegenerative and leukodystrophy disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neurodegenerative-and-leukodystrophy-disorders) — Formative SAQs on neurodegenerative and leukodystrophy disorders: reading the contrasted brain MRI to name the mechanism group, recognising the transplant emergency of cerebral X-l (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurogenetic conditions and precision diagnosis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neurogenetic-conditions-and-precision-diagnosis) — Short-answer questions on paediatric precision diagnosis covering the tiered genomic testing ladder from chromosomal microarray through trio exome and genome sequencing with their (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurological examination across childhood — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neurological-examination-across-childhood) — Formative SAQs on performing the age-adapted paediatric neurological examination, reading tone and reflexes through the developmental clock, using the Hammersmith Infant Neurologic (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurorehabilitation and acquired brain injury: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neurorehabilitation-and-acquired-brain-injury) — Short-answer questions on neurorehabilitation after acquired brain injury in children, covering the definition and the International Classification of Functioning framework, the ne (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Non-epileptic events and functional seizures — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/non-epileptic-events-and-functional-seizures) — Two formative SAQs on non-epileptic events and functional seizures: a fourteen-year-old referred for spells unresponsive to two escalating antiseizure drugs, testing the recognitio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paediatric stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paediatric-stroke-and-cerebral-sinovenous-thrombosis) — Short-answer questions on paediatric stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis covering the classification, the arteriopathy cause search, the imaging pathway, the antithrombotic t (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pain, feeding and respiratory care in severe neurodisability: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pain-feeding-and-respiratory-care-in-severe-neurodisability) — Short-answer questions on the three threats that dominate severe neurodisability covering pain assessment in non-verbal children with the revised FLACC and Paediatric Pain Profile (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Peripheral neuropathies: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/peripheral-neuropathies) — Short-answer questions on paediatric peripheral neuropathies covering the Charcot-Marie-Tooth classification with CMT1A from PMP22 duplication, the nerve conduction velocity thresh (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Secondary headache and raised intracranial pressure — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/secondary-headache-and-raised-intracranial-pressure) — Two formative SAQs on secondary headache and raised intracranial pressure: an eight-year-old with a progressive morning headache and early-morning vomiting, testing the red-flag re (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sleep disorders with neurological disease: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/sleep-disorders-with-neurological-disease) — Short-answer questions on sleep disorders with neurological disease covering the four-cluster classification and the bidirectional mechanism, the investigation pathway from polysom (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Spasticity, dystonia and tone management: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/spasticity-dystonia-and-tone-management) — Short-answer questions on paediatric spasticity, dystonia and tone management covering the Sanger classification of hypertonia into velocity-dependent spasticity and action-induced (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Spinal cord compression and transverse myelitis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/spinal-cord-compression-and-transverse-myelitis) — Formative SAQs on the acute spinal cord syndrome in childhood: recognising that new back pain plus a neurological deficit is a cord emergency until an emergency whole-spine MRI pro (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Spinal muscular atrophy: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/spinal-muscular-atrophy) — Short-answer questions on paediatric spinal muscular atrophy covering the SMN1 deletion genetics with the SMN2 copy number modifier, the five SMA types, the clinical picture of sym (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Status epilepticus: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/status-epilepticus) — Short-answer questions on paediatric status epilepticus covering the ILAE operational definition, the APLS stepwise pathway from benzodiazepine to levetiracetam or fosphenytoin to (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tics and Tourette syndrome: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/tics-and-tourette-syndrome) — Short-answer questions on tics and Tourette syndrome covering the DSM-5 diagnosis and the phenomenology that separates a tic from its mimics, the stepped management built on Compre (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Transition and advance care planning in neurodisability: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/transition-and-advance-care-planning-in-neurodisability) — Short-answer questions on transition and advance care planning in young people with neurodisability, covering the Got Transition Six Core Elements with the age milestones of twelve (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### ophthalmology - [Colour vision deficiency and inherited retinal disease: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/colour-vision-deficiency-and-inherited-retinal-disease) — Short-answer questions on colour vision deficiency and inherited retinal disease in children, covering the X-linked red-green colour deficiency and the Ishihara testing, the retini (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital cataract and glaucoma — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-cataract-and-glaucoma) — Formative SAQs on congenital cataract and glaucoma: the assessment and stepwise management of a 4-week-old infant with a dense unilateral cataract and absent red reflex, including (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-nasolacrimal-duct-obstruction) — Formative SAQs on congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: recognising the white quiet watering eye with reflux on lacrimal-sac pressure, excluding congenital glaucoma, applying t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Conjunctivitis and red eye — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/conjunctivitis-and-red-eye) — Formative SAQs on conjunctivitis and the red eye in children: the triage and cause-matched management of a child with viral conjunctivitis and the recognition of the red-eye red fl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cortical visual impairment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cortical-visual-impairment) — Formative SAQs on cortical visual impairment in children: the recognition, paradoxical clinical behaviours, diagnostic approach and habilitative management of a preterm infant with (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Leukocoria and retinoblastoma: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/leukocoria-and-retinoblastoma) — Short-answer questions on leukocoria and retinoblastoma in children, covering the white pupillary reflex as the red-flag sign, the RB1 tumour suppressor gene on chromosome thirteen (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ocular trauma and chemical injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/ocular-trauma-and-chemical-injury) — Formative SAQs on paediatric ocular trauma and chemical injury: the immediate and definitive management of a child with an alkali eye injury including the irrigation protocol, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ophthalmia neonatorum — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/ophthalmia-neonatorum) — Two formative SAQs on ophthalmia neonatorum: a three-day-old with profuse purulent discharge and lid oedema testing the recognition and emergency systemic management of gonococcal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/ophthalmic-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Short-answer questions on the ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease in children, covering the silent sight-threatening uveitis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the ACR (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paediatric eye examination and red-reflex assessment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paediatric-eye-examination-and-red-reflex-assessment) — Formative SAQs on the paediatric eye examination and red-reflex assessment: the technique and interpretation of the red-reflex (Bruckner) test, the differential and immediate manag (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Papilloedema and optic nerve disorders: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/papilloedema-and-optic-nerve-disorders) — Short-answer questions on papilloedema and optic nerve disorders in children, covering the bilateral disc swelling of the raised intracranial pressure, the Friedman criteria with t (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Preseptal and orbital cellulitis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/preseptal-and-orbital-cellulitis) — Formative SAQs on preseptal and orbital cellulitis: the recognition and stepwise management of a febrile child with orbital cellulitis including the contrast CT decision, the intra (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Refractive error in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/refractive-error-in-children) — Formative SAQs on refractive error in children: the assessment and stepwise management of a school-age child with progressive myopia, including cycloplegic refraction, myopia-contr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Strabismus and ocular motility disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/strabismus-and-ocular-motility-disorders) — Formative SAQs on childhood strabismus and ocular motility disorders: detecting a deviation with the cover test, deciding comitant versus incomitant, performing cycloplegic refract (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Urgent ophthalmology referral and childhood vision loss: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/urgent-ophthalmology-referral-and-childhood-vision-loss) — Short-answer questions on urgent ophthalmology referral and childhood vision loss, covering the white pupillary reflex and the abnormal red reflex as retinoblastoma until proven ot (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Uveitis in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/uveitis-in-children) — Formative SAQs on uveitis in children: the stepwise management of a child with newly diagnosed JIA-associated anterior uveitis from topical prednisolone and cycloplegia through sys (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Visual development, amblyopia and vision screening in childhood — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/visual-development-amblyopia-and-vision-screening-in-childhood) — Two formative SAQs: a five-year-old with reduced left eye acuity found at school-entry screening testing the recognition of amblyopia as a cortical deficit, the refer threshold and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### paediatric-dermatology - [Acne vulgaris in adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acne-vulgaris-in-adolescents) — Formative SAQs on acne vulgaris in the adolescent: grading the comedonal versus the inflammatory disease, building the stepwise ladder of the topical retinoid and the benzoyl perox (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Alopecia and hair disorders in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/alopecia-and-hair-disorders-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on alopecia and hair disorders in children: an eight-year-old with a smooth bald patch and exclamation-mark hairs testing the recognition of alopecia areata, its (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Approach to rash in infants and children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/approach-to-rash-in-infants-and-children) — Formative SAQs on the morphology-first, distribution-aware, red-flag-driven approach to a rash in an infant or child. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital melanocytic naevi and pigmentary birthmarks — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-melanocytic-naevi-and-pigmentary-birthmarks) — Formative SAQs on the congenital pigmentary birthmarks: applying the size-based classification and the risk stratification of the congenital melanocytic naevus, recognising the neu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Contact dermatitis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/contact-dermatitis) — Formative SAQs on contact dermatitis in children: distinguishing irritant from allergic disease, the distribution clues to a contactant, the patch-test procedure and its interpreta (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Drug eruptions including DRESS and AGEP — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/drug-eruptions-including-dress-and-agep) — Formative SAQs on drug eruptions in children: distinguishing a benign morbilliform rash from DRESS and AGEP by timing and systemic features, the RegiSCAR approach, the role of eosi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Epidermolysis bullosa and inherited blistering disorders — short-answer questions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/epidermolysis-bullosa-and-inherited-blistering-disorders) — Two short-answer questions on the classification, neonatal presentation, diagnostic biopsy and atraumatic multidisciplinary management of inherited epidermolysis bullosa in childre (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-16) - [Genodermatoses and neurocutaneous skin findings — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/genodermatoses-and-neurocutaneous-skin-findings) — Formative SAQs on paediatric genodermatoses and neurocutaneous syndromes: the recognition and stepwise surveillance of a child with neurofibromatosis type 1 — café-au-lait macules, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Impetigo and bacterial skin infection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/impetigo-and-bacterial-skin-infection) — Formative SAQs on impetigo and bacterial skin infection: the stepwise management of an infant with widespread bullous impetigo and the recognition of the toxin-mediated extreme, an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Molluscum contagiosum and viral warts — short-answer questions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/molluscum-contagiosum-and-viral-warts) — Two short-answer questions on the diagnosis, pathophysiology and expectant-versus-active management of molluscum contagiosum and viral warts in children. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nail disorders in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/nail-disorders-in-children) — Formative SAQs on nail disorders in children: the assessment and stepwise management of a child with a suspected fungal nail infection, including the confirm-before-treat principle (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nappy dermatitis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/nappy-dermatitis) — Formative SAQs on nappy dermatitis: separating the irritant contact subtype on the convex surfaces with spared folds from the candidal subtype with fold involvement and satellite l (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neonatal pustular and vesiculobullous eruptions — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neonatal-pustular-and-vesiculobullous-eruptions) — Formative SAQs on neonatal pustular and vesiculobullous eruptions: the recognition, work-up and management of a febrile neonate with clustered scalp vesicles suspected to have neon (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Petechiae, purpura and vasculitic rashes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/petechiae-purpura-and-vasculitic-rashes) — Formative SAQs on petechiae, purpura and vasculitic rashes in children: the triage and emergency management of a febrile child with a rapidly progressive petechial rash (the sick-v (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Psoriasis in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/psoriasis-in-children) — Formative SAQs on psoriasis in children: the stepwise management of a child with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and the decision to start a biologic, and the diagnosis and man (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Scabies, lice and infestations — short-answer questions](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/scabies-lice-and-infestations) — Two short-answer questions on the clinical recognition, pathophysiology and household-based management of scabies and head lice in children, including crusted scabies and treatment (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-16) - [Seborrhoeic dermatitis and cradle cap — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/seborrhoeic-dermatitis-and-cradle-cap) — Formative SAQs on infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis and cradle cap: recognising the greasy yellow scale over the scalp, face, flexures, and nappy area of the well, non-itchy infant (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Skin manifestations of systemic disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/skin-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Formative SAQs on cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease in children: the assessment and targeted work-up of a child with cutaneous signs of systemic disease applying the rec (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/stevens-johnson-syndrome-and-toxic-epidermal-necrolysis) — Formative SAQs on Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: the recognition, immediate management and stepwise supportive care of a child with drug-induced SJS-TEN o (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tinea and fungal skin infection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/tinea-and-fungal-skin-infection) — Two formative SAQs on tinea and fungal skin infection in children: a five-year-old with a scaly bald scalp patch and broken hair stubs testing the recognition of tinea capitis, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Vascular birthmarks and infantile haemangioma — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/vascular-birthmarks-and-infantile-haemangioma) — Formative SAQs on vascular birthmarks and infantile haemangioma: the classification, PHACE screening and stepwise propranolol management of an infant with a large facial segmental (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care - [Acute nociceptive pain management — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-nociceptive-pain-management) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on the management of acute nociceptive pain in children: the stepwise, multimodal, opioid-sparing management of a postoperative child (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Care in the last days of life — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/care-in-the-last-days-of-life) — Formative SAQs on care in the last days of life covering definition, classification, bedside pathway, red flags, documentation and family support. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chronic primary and secondary pain in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/chronic-primary-and-secondary-pain-in-children) — Short-answer questions on chronic primary and secondary pain in children, covering the ICD-11 distinction between primary and secondary pain, the nociplastic mechanism and central (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Grief, bereavement and sibling support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/grief-bereavement-and-sibling-support) — Formative SAQs on grief, bereavement and sibling support covering definition, classification, bedside pathway, red flags, documentation and family support. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Neuropathic pain in children: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neuropathic-pain-in-children) — Short-answer questions on neuropathic pain in children covering the IASP and NeuPSIG definition and grading, the recognition of complex regional pain syndrome and the rehabilitatio (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Opioid stewardship and complex analgesia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/opioid-stewardship-and-complex-analgesia) — Two MedVellum formative short-answer questions on paediatric opioid stewardship and complex analgesia: the weight-based morphine and patient- and nurse-controlled analgesia doses w (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Organ and tissue donation in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/organ-and-tissue-donation-in-children) — Formative SAQs on organ and tissue donation in children covering definition, classification, bedside pathway, red flags, documentation and family support. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Paediatric palliative care principles and referral — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paediatric-palliative-care-principles-and-referral) — Formative SAQs on the WHO definition and parallel-care model of paediatric palliative care, the four Together for Short Lives (ACT) categories with worked examples, the referral tr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Pain assessment across developmental and cognitive abilities — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pain-assessment-across-developmental-and-cognitive-abilities) — Formative SAQs on self-report as the gold standard with the Faces Pain Scale-Revised and the Numerical Rating Scale; FLACC for the two-month to seven-year-old; individualised obser (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Palliative care in cancer — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/palliative-care-in-cancer) — Formative SAQs on palliative care in childhood cancer: the World Health Organization definition and the concurrent parallel model, the early referral at the diagnosis of the high-r (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Palliative care in neurodisability and genetic disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/palliative-care-in-neurodisability-and-genetic-disease) — Formative SAQs on palliative care in neurodisability and genetic disease covering definition, classification, bedside pathway, red flags, documentation and family support. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Symptom control in serious paediatric illness — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/symptom-control-in-serious-paediatric-illness) — Formative SAQs on symptom control in serious paediatric illness: the WHO two-step analgesic ladder and weight-based morphine dosing with breakthrough and opioid rotation; the centr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/withholding-and-withdrawing-life-sustaining-treatment) — Formative SAQs on withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment covering definition, classification, bedside pathway, red flags, documentation and family support. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) ### preventive-and-community-paediatrics - [Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child health — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-child-health) — Formative SAQs on cultural safety, structural inequities, ear and lung pathways, and partnered care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Adolescent preventive health care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/adolescent-preventive-health-care) — Two formative short-answer questions on confidential adolescent preventive visits, HEADSS/HEEADSSS, screening and safety overrides. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Air pollution, tobacco smoke and vaping — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/air-pollution-tobacco-smoke-and-vaping-exposure) — Formative SAQs on SHS counselling, youth vaping and household air pollution. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Cardiovascular risk screening in childhood — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cardiovascular-risk-screening-in-childhood) — Formative SAQs on paediatric BP and lipid screening. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Catch-up immunisation and uncertain vaccination history — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/catch-up-immunisation-and-uncertain-vaccination-history) — Formative SAQs on dose validity, uncertain history and multi-visit catch-up planning. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Childcare attendance, exclusion and infection prevention — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/childcare-attendance-exclusion-and-infection-prevention) — Formative SAQs on exclusion principles, infection prevention and outbreak response in early childhood education and care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Childhood injury prevention and anticipatory guidance — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/childhood-injury-prevention-and-anticipatory-guidance) — Formative SAQs on Haddon framing, age-banded anticipatory guidance, passive strategies and button-battery urgency. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Climate change, heat and child health — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/climate-change-heat-and-child-health) — Formative SAQs on heat-stroke recognition, cool-first care, sports acclimatisation and climate-equity counselling. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Community needs assessment and child-health advocacy — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/community-needs-assessment-and-child-health-advocacy) — Formative SAQs on needs-assessment cycles, partnership ethics and multi-level child-health advocacy. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental and behavioural screening — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/developmental-and-behavioural-screening) — Two formative SAQs on key-age developmental screening, M-CHAT-R/F pathway, behavioural screening and closed-loop referral. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Drowning prevention and water safety — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/drowning-prevention-and-water-safety) — Formative SAQs on layered drowning prevention, pool fencing, bath safety and emergency response. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Environmental health and children's exposure risks — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/environmental-health-and-childrens-exposure-risks) — Formative SAQs on environmental history, private wells, pesticides and source-control priorities. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Global child health and sustainable paediatric care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/global-child-health-and-sustainable-paediatric-care) — Formative SAQs on global under-five mortality packages and sustainable care. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Housing insecurity, food insecurity and child health — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/housing-insecurity-food-insecurity-and-child-health) — Formative SAQs on Hunger Vital Sign screening, housing domains and clinic-to-community management. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Immunisation principles and national schedule comparison — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/immunisation-principles-and-national-schedule-comparison) — Formative SAQs on immunisation principles. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory; updated=2026-07-11) - [Indigenous child health and culturally safe care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/indigenous-child-health-and-culturally-safe-care) — Formative SAQs on cultural safety, structural drivers and clinic partnership for Indigenous child health. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Infant health supervision 3–6 months — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/infant-health-supervision-3-to-6-months) — Formative SAQs on the 4- and 6-month health-supervision visit, safe sleep, maternal mood and feeding guidance. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Infant health supervision 6–12 months — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/infant-health-supervision-6-to-12-months) — Two formative short-answer questions on structuring a 9-month health-supervision visit and managing iron-risk feeding plus developmental concern. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Infant health supervision birth to 3 months — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/infant-health-supervision-birth-to-3-months) — Two formative short-answer questions on early post-discharge weight and jaundice management and on structured 2-month health supervision including safe sleep and maternal mental he (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Lead exposure and poisoning prevention — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/lead-exposure-and-poisoning-prevention) — Formative SAQs on childhood lead screening, source control and chelation limits. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Māori child health, Te Tiriti and culturally safe care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/m-ori-child-health-te-tiriti-and-culturally-safe-care) — Formative SAQs on cultural safety, Te Tiriti-informed practice, Hui Process and equity pathways for tamariki Māori. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Newborn bloodspot screening for inherited metabolic disease and follow-up — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/newborn-bloodspot-screening-for-inherited-metabolic-disease-and-follow-up) — Two formative SAQs on critical bloodspot positives in well neonates, incomplete cards, galactosaemia feed safety and MCADD crisis pathways. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Newborn hearing screening — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/newborn-hearing-screening) — Two formative SAQs on newborn hearing screening result states, 1-3-6 pathway, NICU modality choice, residual risk after pass and lost-to-follow-up recovery. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Newborn preventive care and screening — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/newborn-preventive-care-and-screening) — Two formative SAQs on the newborn preventive package, incomplete screens, CCHD fail pathway, hearing refer and vitamin K counselling. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Passenger, bicycle, pedestrian and firearm safety — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/passenger-bicycle-pedestrian-and-firearm-safety) — Formative SAQs on child passenger restraint staging, helmet and pedestrian counselling, and firearm safe storage. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Population health, epidemiology and prevention in paediatrics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/population-health-epidemiology-and-prevention-in-paediatrics) — Formative SAQs on population definition, Rose strategy, Haddon matrix and absolute risk counselling. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Preschool health supervision — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/preschool-health-supervision) — Formative SAQs on preschool preventive visits, school readiness and sensory gates. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Preventive paediatrics and the well-child visit — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/preventive-paediatrics-and-the-well-child-visit) — Two formative SAQs on well-child visit architecture, developmental surveillance versus screening, and equity redesign. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Rural, regional and remote child-health inequities — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/rural-regional-and-remote-child-health-inequities) — Formative SAQs on rural inequity mechanisms, paediatric readiness, telehealth/retrieval disposition and medical-home loop closure. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Safe sleep and sudden unexpected death prevention — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/safe-sleep-and-sudden-unexpected-death-prevention) — Formative SAQs on safe-sleep counselling, hazards and unexpected infant death response. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [School health and school-based care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/school-health-and-school-based-care) — Formative SAQs on school health plans, SBHC integration, anaphylaxis readiness and return-to-learn. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [School-age health supervision — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/school-age-health-supervision) — Formative SAQs on school-age health supervision, screening tiers and anticipatory guidance. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Screening test principles in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/screening-test-principles-in-children) — Formative SAQs on programme criteria, predictive values in low prevalence, and false-positive counselling. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Sun protection and skin cancer prevention — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/sun-protection-and-skin-cancer-prevention) — Formative SAQs on layered childhood photoprotection, indoor tanning and vitamin D counselling. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toddler health supervision: 1 to 3 years — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/toddler-health-supervision-1-to-3-years) — Formative SAQs on toddler preventive visits, autism screening pathway and anticipatory guidance. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Vaccine contraindications, precautions and adverse events — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/vaccine-contraindications-precautions-and-adverse-events) — Two formative short-answer questions on true versus false contraindications, live-vaccine rules, anaphylaxis response and AEFI planning. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Vaccine hesitancy and risk communication — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/vaccine-hesitancy-and-risk-communication) — Two formative short-answer questions on SAGE determinants and structured clinic risk communication for vaccine delay and refusal. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) ### professional-practice-and-evidence - [Best-interests decisions and treatment limitation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/best-interests-decisions-and-treatment-limitation) — Two formative SAQs on best-interests decisions and treatment limitation in paediatrics: the best-interests balance, withholding versus withdrawing, futility, time-limited trials, t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Biostatistics for paediatric exams — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/biostatistics-for-paediatric-exams) — Formative SAQs on descriptive and inferential statistics applied to paediatric study results, including confidence intervals, p-values, errors, power, test choice, correlation, reg (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Breaking bad news and serious-illness communication — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/breaking-bad-news-and-serious-illness-communication) — Formative SAQs on structured breaking-bad-news conversations, prognostic disclosure and follow-up in paediatrics. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Clinical epidemiology and measures of effect — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/clinical-epidemiology-and-measures-of-effect) — Formative SAQs on the computation and interpretation of measures of effect in paediatric research. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Clinician wellbeing, fatigue and sustainable practice — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/clinician-wellbeing-fatigue-and-sustainable-practice) — Two formative SAQs on clinician wellbeing and fatigue: the Maslach burnout framework and demands-resources mechanism, the fatigue-to-error cascade, the second-victim phenomenon, an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Communicating risk and uncertainty to families — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/communicating-risk-and-uncertainty-to-families) — Formative SAQs on evidence-based risk and uncertainty communication with families in paediatrics. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Confidentiality with children and adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/confidentiality-with-children-and-adolescents) — Two formative short-answer questions on conditional confidentiality, Gillick/Fraser capacity, the three override thresholds, parental requests for information and electronic-record (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Conflict, complaints and difficult clinical encounters — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/conflict-complaints-and-difficult-clinical-encounters) — Formative SAQs on de-escalating an angry parent, managing a goals-of-care dispute, and responding to a formal complaint while supporting the clinician as second victim. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Consent, parental responsibility and mature-minor frameworks — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/consent-parental-responsibility-and-mature-minor-frameworks) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric consent: parental permission, assent, mature-minor capacity assessment, emergency necessity and refusal of life-saving care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmentally appropriate communication — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/developmentally-appropriate-communication) — Two formative short-answer questions on developmentally appropriate communication: preschool engagement without leading questions, confidential adolescent interviewing, interpreter (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Diagnostic accuracy and screening statistics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/diagnostic-accuracy-and-screening-statistics) — Formative SAQs on diagnostic accuracy and screening statistics applied to child health. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Ethical allocation of resources in paediatrics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/ethical-allocation-of-resources-in-paediatrics) — Two formative SAQs on ethical allocation of resources in paediatrics: the four allocation principles and accountability for reasonableness, scarcity classification and the locus of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/evidence-based-medicine-and-critical-appraisal) — Formative SAQs on evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal applied to child health. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Family-centred and child-rights-based care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/family-centred-and-child-rights-based-care) — Two formative SAQs on family-centred and child-rights-based care: the four IPFCC core concepts and four UNCRC guiding principles, Hart's ladder of participation, and bedside delive (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Goals-of-care conversations and advance care planning for children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/goals-of-care-conversations-and-advance-care-planning-for-children) — Two formative short-answer questions on goals-of-care conversations and advance care planning for children: the Serious Illness Conversation Guide, age-appropriate tools, prognosti (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Health literacy and accessible paediatric information — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/health-literacy-and-accessible-paediatric-information) — Two formative short-answer questions on health literacy universal precautions, teach-back, millilitre dosing with oral syringes and pictograms, accessible discharge communication, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [High-value care, stewardship and avoiding low-value interventions — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/high-value-care-stewardship-and-avoiding-low-value-interventions) — Formative SAQs on high-value care, stewardship and the reduction of low-value interventions in child health. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Implementation science and translating evidence into practice — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/implementation-science-and-translating-evidence-into-practice) — Two formative SAQs on translating evidence into paediatric practice: diagnosing the evidence-practice gap with Cabana and CFIR, selecting ERIC strategies, and measuring implementat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Interpreting systematic reviews and clinical guidelines — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/interpreting-systematic-reviews-and-clinical-guidelines) — Formative SAQs on interpreting systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical practice guidelines applied to child health. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Leadership and interprofessional team management — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/leadership-and-interprofessional-team-management) — Two formative SAQs on leading and managing an interprofessional team in child health: leadership styles, building a high-performing team, shared mental models, closed-loop communic (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Medication safety and error prevention in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/medication-safety-and-error-prevention-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric medication errors: the medication-use process, paediatric vulnerability, tenfold dosing errors, and the layered prevention and response system. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Medicolegal documentation and expert evidence — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/medicolegal-documentation-and-expert-evidence) — Formative SAQs on structuring a medicolegal report, the witness-of-fact versus expert-witness distinction, the overriding duty to the court, and surviving cross-examination. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Open disclosure and duty of candour — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/open-disclosure-and-duty-of-candour) — Formative SAQs on staged open disclosure, duty of candour, apology and the second victim after a patient safety incident in paediatrics. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Paediatric consultation with child, young person and family — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paediatric-consultation-with-child-young-person-and-family) — Formative SAQs on the triadic paediatric consultation: Calgary-Cambridge structure, the age-adapted encounter, adolescent confidentiality and HEEADSSS, breaking bad news and safety (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Paediatric study design and bias — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paediatric-study-design-and-bias) — Formative SAQs on choosing study designs and assessing bias in paediatric research. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Patient safety, human factors and systems thinking — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/patient-safety-human-factors-and-systems-thinking) — Formative SAQs on Reason's Swiss cheese model, paediatric medication-safety risk, the structured handover evidence, and the adverse-event response pathway. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Professional boundaries and social media — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/professional-boundaries-and-social-media) — Formative SAQs on professional boundaries, the boundary spectrum, social media conduct, digital professionalism and the safeguard toolkit in paediatric practice. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Quality improvement methods in child health — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/quality-improvement-methods-in-child-health) — Two formative SAQs on designing a paediatric quality improvement project: the Model for Improvement, aim and measure design, PDSA testing, run-chart interpretation and evidence app (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Recognition, reporting and analysis of adverse events — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/recognition-reporting-and-analysis-of-adverse-events) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric adverse event recognition, systems analysis, trigger tools and disclosure. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Refusal of treatment and disagreement over care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/refusal-of-treatment-and-disagreement-over-care) — Formative SAQs on navigating a parental refusal of recommended treatment, managing a blood-product refusal, and escalating an entrenched goals-of-care dispute to ethics consultatio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Research ethics and assent in paediatric research — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/research-ethics-and-assent-in-paediatric-research) — Two formative short-answer questions on paediatric research ethics: risk-benefit categories and permission versus assent; and deferred consent with therapeutic misconception in eme (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Shared decision-making and assent in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/shared-decision-making-and-assent-in-children) — Two formative short-answer questions on shared decision-making, assent and dissent, decision aids, capacity and disagreement in paediatric care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Teaching, supervision and feedback in paediatrics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/teaching-supervision-and-feedback-in-paediatrics) — Two formative short-answer questions on feedback models, the educational alliance, entrustment, the struggling learner versus the learner in difficulty, and supervision duties in p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Trauma-informed paediatric care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/trauma-informed-paediatric-care) — Formative SAQs on the SAMHSA trauma-informed care framework, the toxic-stress mechanism, and bedside application in paediatrics. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Working with interpreters and culturally responsive communication — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/working-with-interpreters-and-culturally-responsive-communication) — Two formative short-answer questions on interpreter use, child-as-interpreter, false fluency, cultural competence frameworks and adolescent-confidential communication in paediatric (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) ### respiratory-sleep-and-airway - [Acute severe and life-threatening asthma — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-severe-and-life-threatening-asthma) — Formative SAQs on grading acute asthma severity, the stepwise escalation from oxygen and continuous salbutamol through ipratropium and steroid to IV magnesium and IV bronchodilator (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Aspiration, swallowing dysfunction and chronic lung injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/aspiration-swallowing-dysfunction-and-chronic-lung-injury) — Formative SAQs on recognising chronic aspiration and silent aspiration in the neurologically impaired child, characterising the route, choosing instrumental swallow assessment, and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Asthma diagnosis and long-term control — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/asthma-diagnosis-and-long-term-control) — Two formative SAQs on the diagnosis and long-term control of childhood asthma: the school-age child with recurrent cough and wheeze needing objective confirmation and a controller (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Behavioural insomnia and circadian rhythm disorders — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/behavioural-insomnia-and-circadian-rhythm-disorders) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric sleep-timing problems: the toddler with sleep-onset association behavioural insomnia and frequent night wakings (recognition and behavioural treatm (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Bronchiectasis in children — short-answer question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/bronchiectasis-in-children) — Short-answer question on the definition and chronic suppurative lung disease continuum, the vicious cycle, the aetiological work-up, and the airway-clearance-and-antibiotic managem (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Bronchiolitis and viral lower respiratory tract infection — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/bronchiolitis-and-viral-lower-respiratory-tract-infection) — Formative SAQs on grading bronchiolitis severity, supportive care with feeding, targeted oxygen and high-flow rescue, the drugs to withhold, apnoea in the young infant, and disposi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Central sleep apnoea and hypoventilation syndromes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/central-sleep-apnoea-and-hypoventilation-syndromes) — Two formative SAQs on central disorders of the control of breathing: a term neonate who breathes when awake but hypoventilates and desaturates in sleep with a normal heart and lung (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic cough in children — short-answer question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/chronic-cough-diagnostic-approach) — Short-answer question on the definition, classification by cough quality, specific-cough pointers, and the antibiotic-first management of chronic wet cough in children. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Community-acquired pneumonia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/community-acquired-pneumonia) — Formative SAQs on assessing and grading childhood pneumonia severity, choosing first-line oral amoxicillin and the route of therapy, restrained investigation, recognising atypical (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Congenital lung and airway malformations — short-answer question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/congenital-lung-and-airway-malformations) — Short-answer question on an antenatally detected congenital lung malformation — the classification, the postnatal work-up, the neonatal safety issues, and the surgery-versus-survei (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Croup — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/croup) — Formative SAQs on grading croup severity, giving corticosteroid to every child, using nebulised adrenaline and observation, distinguishing croup from its dangerous mimics, and disp (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Cystic fibrosis: diagnosis and screening — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cystic-fibrosis-diagnosis-and-screening) — Formative SAQs on interpreting a positive newborn screen and the confirmatory sweat test, applying the diagnostic criteria and sweat chloride thresholds, recognising meconium ileus (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Cystic fibrosis: pulmonary and multidisciplinary management — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/cystic-fibrosis-pulmonary-and-multidisciplinary-management) — Formative SAQs on the four pillars of cystic fibrosis pulmonary care, eradicating a first Pseudomonas isolate, recognising and treating a pulmonary exacerbation, the role of CFTR m (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Epiglottitis and bacterial tracheitis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/epiglottitis-and-bacterial-tracheitis) — Short-answer questions on a toxic preschool child with drooling and a muffled voice, covering recognition of epiglottitis, the do-no-harm approach, controlled airway management, an (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/exercise-induced-bronchoconstriction) — Two formative SAQs on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children: the school-age child with cough and wheeze on sport needing objective confirmation and a management plan, an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Foreign-body aspiration — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/foreign-body-aspiration) — Two formative SAQs on foreign-body aspiration: the toddler with a witnessed choking episode and a normal chest radiograph, and the child with recurrent same-lobe pneumonia and a fi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Interstitial lung disease in children — short-answer question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/interstitial-lung-disease-in-children) — Short-answer question on the chILD syndrome, the age-based classification, the surfactant-dysfunction and NEHI paradigms, the diagnostic pathway of exclusion, HRCT, genetics and bi (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia and vocal-cord dysfunction: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/laryngomalacia-tracheomalacia-and-vocal-cord-dysfunction) — Short-answer questions on dynamic paediatric airway collapse: an infant with position-dependent inspiratory stridor and feeding difficulty, covering the localisation of noisy breat (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Narcolepsy and hypersomnolence — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/narcolepsy-and-hypersomnolence) — Two formative SAQs on narcolepsy and the central disorders of hypersomnolence: a school-aged child with new irresistible daytime sleepiness and emotion-triggered loss of muscle ton (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Neuromuscular respiratory failure and airway clearance — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/neuromuscular-respiratory-failure-and-airway-clearance) — Two formative SAQs on neuromuscular respiratory failure: a boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy with morning headaches, daytime sleepiness and recurrent chest infections, testing t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Non-invasive ventilation and home respiratory support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/non-invasive-ventilation-and-home-respiratory-support) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric non-invasive ventilation: the boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and morning headaches (recognising nocturnal hypoventilation, choosing bilevel, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Obstructive sleep apnoea in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/obstructive-sleep-apnoea-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea: the preschooler with loud snoring, witnessed apnoeas and poor growth (recognition, investigation and adenotonsillectomy), (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oxygen therapy and home oxygen in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/oxygen-therapy-and-home-oxygen-in-children) — Two formative SAQs on oxygen therapy in children: an infant with bronchiolitis and a borderline saturation, testing the saturation target, the pulse oximeter's limits and when a ri (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Paediatric sleep investigations: polysomnography, sleep-study interpretation and MSLT — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/paediatric-sleep-investigations-polysomnography-sleep-study-interpretation-and-mslt) — Two formative SAQs on paediatric sleep investigations: a snoring preschooler with a polysomnogram report to interpret, testing event classification, the paediatric apnoea-hypopnoea (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pleural effusion and empyema — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pleural-effusion-and-empyema) — Formative SAQs on recognising a parapneumonic effusion in the pneumonia that will not settle, using ultrasound and Light's criteria, giving antibiotics to every child, choosing bet (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pneumothorax and air-leak syndromes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pneumothorax-and-air-leak-syndromes) — Formative SAQs on recognising tension physiology and managing pneumothorax and air-leak syndromes in children. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Primary ciliary dyskinesia — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/primary-ciliary-dyskinesia) — Two formative SAQs on primary ciliary dyskinesia: the preschooler with a lifelong wet cough, chronic ear and nasal disease and situs inversus (recognition, diagnostic pathway and c (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pulmonary haemorrhage and haemoptysis — short-answer question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pulmonary-haemorrhage-and-haemoptysis) — Short-answer question on the definition and focal-versus-diffuse classification of paediatric pulmonary haemorrhage, the haemosiderin-laden macrophage, the exclusion-based diagnosi (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Recurrent pneumonia in children — short-answer question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/recurrent-pneumonia-and-localised-lung-disease) — Short-answer question on the definition of recurrent pneumonia, the same-site versus different-site classification, the structural and systemic causes, and the staged investigation (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Recurrent wheeze in preschool children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/recurrent-wheeze-in-preschool-children) — Two formative SAQs on recurrent preschool wheeze: the frequently-wheezy toddler well between colds (phenotype, Asthma Predictive Index, and the evidence for preventive therapy), an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Respiratory distress and failure in children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/respiratory-distress-and-failure-in-children) — Formative SAQs on recognising and managing the child in respiratory distress and failure. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Respiratory manifestations of systemic disease — short-answer question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/respiratory-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Short-answer question on recognising and managing lung involvement in systemic disease in a child, anchored on sickle cell acute chest syndrome, with the disease-specific reflex ac (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Spirometry and paediatric pulmonary-function testing — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/spirometry-and-paediatric-pulmonary-function-testing) — Two formative SAQs on spirometry and pulmonary-function testing in children: interpreting an obstructive report with a bronchodilator response in a child with suspected asthma, and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Tracheostomy care and emergencies: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/tracheostomy-care-and-emergencies) — Short-answer questions on a ventilator-dependent child whose tracheostomy tube blocks and then displaces, covering the emergency algorithm, oxygenation of both the face and the sto (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Upper-airway obstruction and stridor — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/upper-airway-obstruction-and-stridor) — Two formative SAQs on upper-airway obstruction: the toddler with a barking cough and stridor at night (croup, severity grading and management), and the toxic drooling child with a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) ### rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports - [Acute monoarthritis and septic arthritis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/acute-monoarthritis-and-septic-arthritis) — Formative SAQs on acute monoarthritis and septic arthritis: applying the Kocher criteria to the febrile limping child, interpreting the synovial fluid cell count and Gram stain, ch (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [ANCA-associated and other childhood vasculitides: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/anca-associated-and-other-childhood-vasculitides) — Short-answer questions on ANCA-associated and other childhood vasculitides, covering the Chapel Hill 2012 vessel-size nomenclature, the three ANCA-associated vasculitides of GPA, M (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Angular, rotational and gait variants — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/angular-rotational-and-gait-variants) — Formative SAQs on the common physiologic variants of the growing lower limb: placing the child on the Salenius and Vankka developmental curve, applying the Staheli rotational profi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Back pain in children and adolescents — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/back-pain-in-children-and-adolescents) — Formative SAQs on back pain in children and adolescents: running the red-flag screen, recognising back pain under five as a red flag demanding investigation for discitis, applying (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Bone pain and malignancy red flags — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/bone-pain-and-malignancy-red-flags) — Formative SAQs on paediatric bone pain and malignancy red flags: separating the child whose limb pain is benign from the child harbouring leukaemia, osteosarcoma, or Ewing sarcoma (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Clubfoot and congenital limb anomalies: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/clubfoot-and-congenital-limb-anomalies) — Short-answer questions on the clubfoot and congenital limb anomalies, covering the four classical deformities (cavus, adductus, varus, equinus) and the CAVE mnemonic, the Ponseti m (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Common paediatric fractures and growth-plate injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/common-paediatric-fractures-and-growth-plate-injury) — Formative SAQs on common paediatric fractures and growth-plate injury: applying the Salter-Harris classification to a physeal injury and predicting growth-arrest risk, recognising (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Concussion and return to learn or play — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/concussion-and-return-to-learn-or-play) — Formative SAQs on sport-related concussion in the child and adolescent: recognising the concussion with the age-appropriate tool, running the red-flag screen, giving twenty-four to (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Developmental dysplasia of the hip — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip) — Formative SAQs on developmental dysplasia of the hip: performing the Ortolani and Barlow tests, applying the Graf ultrasound classification, and choosing the age-stratified managem (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Heat illness, exertional collapse and sudden death prevention — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/heat-illness-exertional-collapse-and-sudden-death-prevention) — Formative SAQs on heat illness, exertional collapse and sudden death prevention: running the field-side collapse protocol from the pulse check to the rectal temperature, recognisin (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [IgA vasculitis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/iga-vasculitis) — Short-answer questions on IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein purpura), covering the EULAR/PRINTO/PRES Ankara 2008 classification criteria of mandatory palpable purpura plus at least (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Juvenile dermatomyositis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/juvenile-dermatomyositis) — Formative SAQs on juvenile dermatomyositis: the clinical diagnosis with heliotrope rash and Gottron papules, the Bohan and Peter and 2017 EULAR and ACR classification criteria, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis) — Short-answer questions on juvenile idiopathic arthritis, covering the ILAR classification with the oligoarticular dominance and the persistent-versus-extended split, the chronic an (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Musculoskeletal examination and the limping child — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/musculoskeletal-examination-and-the-limping-child) — Formative SAQs on the paediatric musculoskeletal examination and the limping child: performing pGALS and pREMS, applying the Kocher and Caird prediction rules to an irritable hip, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nursemaid's elbow and common upper-limb injury — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/nursemaids-elbow-and-common-upper-limb-injury) — Formative SAQs on nursemaid's elbow and the common paediatric upper-limb injuries: recognising the classic traction history and the well child holding the arm flexed and pronated, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Osteomyelitis and discitis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/osteomyelitis-and-discitis) — Formative SAQs on paediatric acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and discitis: the metaphyseal pathophysiology, the age-stratified microbiology dominated by Staphylococcus aureus and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pain amplification, juvenile fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pain-amplification-juvenile-fibromyalgia-and-complex-regional-pain-syndrome) — Short-answer questions on amplified musculoskeletal pain, juvenile fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome, covering the central sensitization mechanism, the 2010 American (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Performance-enhancing substances in young athletes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/performance-enhancing-substances-in-young-athletes) — Formative SAQs on performance-enhancing substances in the young athlete: the WADA prohibited list and strict liability, the physical signs and confidential history that reveal anab (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Periodic fever and autoinflammatory syndromes — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/periodic-fever-and-autoinflammatory-syndromes) — Formative SAQs on recognising the clockwork fever signature, sorting the five periodic fever syndromes, and choosing the pathway-targeted therapy with the amyloidosis prevention. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Perthes disease — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/perthes-disease) — Formative SAQs on Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: the four radiographic phases of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head, the Herring lateral pillar classification that driv (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pre-participation sports evaluation — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/pre-participation-sports-evaluation) — Formative SAQs on the pre-participation sports evaluation: applying the AHA 14-element cardiovascular history and examination to an athlete with exertional syncope, recognising the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Primary immunodeficiency with rheumatic manifestations — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/primary-immunodeficiency-with-rheumatic-manifestations) — Formative SAQs on recognising the rheumatic-immune overlaps that earn an immune work-up (CVID with symmetric polyarthritis and autoimmune cytopenia, CGD with Crohn-like granulomato (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Reactive arthritis and post-infectious inflammatory syndromes: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/reactive-arthritis-and-post-infectious-inflammatory-syndromes) — Short-answer questions on reactive arthritis and the post-infectious inflammatory syndromes, covering the one-to-four-week latency and the trigger organisms, the distinction of the (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Relative energy deficiency in sport and athlete nutrition — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/relative-energy-deficiency-in-sport-and-athlete-nutrition) — Formative SAQs on relative energy deficiency in sport and athlete nutrition: defining energy availability and the disruption threshold, distinguishing the Female Athlete Triad from (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Scleroderma, mixed connective-tissue disease and overlap syndromes: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/scleroderma-mixed-connective-tissue-disease-and-overlap-syndromes) — Short-answer questions on the paediatric scleroderma, covering the distinction between the localised scleroderma (morphea) and the juvenile systemic sclerosis, the Zulian morphea c (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Scoliosis and spinal deformity — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/scoliosis-and-spinal-deformity) — Formative SAQs on scoliosis and spinal deformity: measuring and staging the curve with the Cobb angle, the Risser sign, and the Sanders scale, running the red-flag screen that sepa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Slipped capital femoral epiphysis — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/slipped-capital-femoral-epiphysis) — Formative SAQs on slipped capital femoral epiphysis: applying the Loder stability classification to the overweight adolescent with a limp, grading the Southwick angle on the frog-l (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sports injury prevention and overuse injuries — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/sports-injury-prevention-and-overuse-injuries) — Formative SAQs on overuse and preventable sports injuries in children and adolescents: separating the overuse (microtrauma) injury from the acute injury, recognising the traction a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and macrophage activation syndrome: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-and-macrophage-activation-syndrome) — Short-answer questions on systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and macrophage activation syndrome, covering the ILAR classification, the 2016 EULAR ACR PRINTO MAS criteria, the i (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Systemic lupus erythematosus: SAQ](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/systemic-lupus-erythematosus) — Short-answer questions on childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus covering a 13-year-old girl with a malar rash, oral ulcers, non-erosive arthritis, cytopenias, positive anti- (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Transient synovitis and the irritable hip — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/transient-synovitis-and-the-irritable-hip) — Formative SAQs on transient synovitis and the irritable hip: applying the Kocher criteria to exclude septic arthritis, interpreting the ultrasound effusion and the inflammatory mar (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-16) ### rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics - [Advocacy, policy and health-service design for rural children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/advocacy-policy-and-health-service-design-for-rural-children) — Formative SAQs on advocacy, policy and health-service design for rural children. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Avoiding racism and institutional bias in child health — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/avoiding-racism-and-institutional-bias-in-child-health) — Formative SAQs on avoiding racism and institutional bias in child health. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Child protection in small and remote communities — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/child-protection-in-small-and-remote-communities) — Formative SAQs on child protection in small and remote communities. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Disaster, outbreak and public-health response for children — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/disaster-outbreak-and-public-health-response-for-children) — Formative SAQs on disaster, outbreak and public-health response for children. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Environmental, occupational and agricultural child health — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/environmental-occupational-and-agricultural-child-health) — Formative SAQs on environmental, occupational and agricultural child health. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Implementing culturally safe Indigenous care in rural and remote services — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/implementing-culturally-safe-indigenous-care-in-rural-and-remote-services) — Formative SAQs on implementing culturally safe indigenous care in rural and remote services. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Refugee, immigrant and humanitarian paediatrics — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/refugee-immigrant-and-humanitarian-paediatrics) — Formative SAQs on refugee, immigrant and humanitarian paediatrics. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Remote prescribing and medication access — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/remote-prescribing-and-medication-access) — Formative SAQs on remote prescribing and medication access. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Retrieval coordination and transfer risk — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/retrieval-coordination-and-transfer-risk) — Formative SAQs on retrieval coordination and transfer risk. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Rural developmental, disability and mental-health care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/rural-developmental-disability-and-mental-health-care) — Formative SAQs on rural developmental, disability and mental-health care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Rural general paediatric practice and scope — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/rural-general-paediatric-practice-and-scope) — Formative SAQs on rural general paediatric practice and scope. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Rural newborn and acute paediatric care — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/rural-newborn-and-acute-paediatric-care) — Formative SAQs on rural newborn and acute paediatric care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Stabilisation with limited paediatric resources — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/stabilisation-with-limited-paediatric-resources) — Formative SAQs on stabilisation with limited paediatric resources. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Telepaediatrics and remote specialist support — formative SAQs](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/saqs/telepaediatrics-and-remote-specialist-support) — Formative SAQs on telepaediatrics and remote specialist support. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DWE; updated=2026-07-17) ## Cases (829) ### acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology - [Airway assessment and basic airway management: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/airway-assessment-and-basic-airway-management) — Clinical case of an unconscious toddler with tongue airway obstruction after a seizure, covering bedside airway assessment, head tilt-chin lift, oropharyngeal airway sizing, two-pe (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Bleed first, diagnose later — hypovolaemic and haemorrhagic shock](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hypovolaemic-and-haemorrhagic-shock) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of haemorrhagic shock before hypotension, bleeding control, activation of the paediatric massive transfusion protocol, t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Box jellyfish sting — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/envenomation-and-marine-bites) — OSCE on the immediate first aid and hospital management of a child with a box jellyfish sting and evolving cardiorespiratory compromise, testing vinegar dousing, tentacle removal, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Breaking bad news and supporting a bereaved family after a SUDI — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/care-after-death-unexpected-child-death-and-family-support) — Communication OSCE station: breaking the news of an unexpected infant death to the parents using SPIKES, offering family time and memory-making, explaining the coronial and multi-a (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Bring intensive care to the child — rural retrieval of a deteriorating child](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/retrieval-transport-and-interfacility-stabilisation) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of a deteriorating child in a rural hospital, the stay-and-stabilise retrieval principle, a pre-transport stabilisation (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [By the product, not the symptom — household chemical exposure station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hydrocarbon-caustic-and-household-chemical-exposure) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of a household chemical exposure, identification of the product from the container, application of the contraindications (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Cardiogenic and obstructive shock: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cardiogenic-and-obstructive-shock) — Clinical case of a 14-year-old adolescent who develops tension pneumothorax while ventilated for severe asthma, covering the clinical diagnosis, the immediate finger thoracostomy d (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Check the glucose, measure the brain — altered conscious state in children](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/altered-conscious-state-in-children) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of a child with an altered conscious state, securing the airway, screening with AVPU and converting to an age-adapted Gl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cool, resuscitate, safeguard — a scalded child in the resuscitation bay](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/burns-assessment-resuscitation-and-safeguarding) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of a burned child, correct cooling, age-adjusted TBSA estimation, modified-Parkland fluid resuscitation titrated to urin (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [De-escalate before you sedate — humane restraint and behavioural support in emergency care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/humane-restraint-and-behavioural-support-in-emergency-care) — A structured clinical encounter in which the candidate leads the emergency department response to an adolescent with acute behavioural disturbance after an unknown ingestion, cover (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Exertional heat stroke — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/heat-illness-hypothermia-and-environmental-emergencies) — OSCE on the recognition and rapid cooling of exertional heat stroke in a young athlete, testing the heat-stroke definition, the cool-first-transport-second principle with cold-wate (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Fluid bolus therapy and vasoactive support — long case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/fluid-bolus-therapy-and-vasoactive-support) — A long case following a three-year-old in septic shock through aliquot-based crystalloid resuscitation with reassessment after each bolus, the transition to vasoactive support for (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hypothermic submersion cardiac arrest — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/submersion-injury-and-hypothermia) — OSCE on the resuscitation of a child in profound hypothermic submersion cardiac arrest, testing the rescue-breath-first sequence, the Swiss staging, the rewarming ladder, the hypot (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Leading a paediatric arrest — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paediatric-basic-and-advanced-life-support) — OSCE on leading the resuscitation of a 4-year-old in cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation, testing the BLS sequence, the ALS loop with defibrillation and adrenaline, revers (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Manage a child after cardiac arrest in PICU — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cardiorespiratory-arrest-and-post-arrest-care) — OSCE management station: stabilising a comatose school-age child after return of spontaneous circulation, delivering the post-arrest bundle, and planning delayed multimodal prognos (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Manage a child with a difficult airway in the emergency department — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/difficult-paediatric-airway-and-emergency-front-of-neck-access) — OSCE management station: anticipating and preparing for an anticipated-difficult paediatric airway, delivering the recognise-oxygenate-escalate-rescue sequence, recognising deterio (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Mechanical ventilation principles in children — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/mechanical-ventilation-principles-in-children) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an 8-year-old with severe pneumonia evolving into paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: confirming tube placement, choosing l (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Oxygen, high-flow and non-invasive respiratory support — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/oxygen-high-flow-and-non-invasive-respiratory-support) — OSCE assessment and communication station for a child with bronchiolitis escalating to high-flow nasal cannula, with an anxious parent. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Plot the level, respect the time — paediatric paracetamol poisoning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paracetamol-poisoning) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of a significant paracetamol ingestion, taking a precise ingestion history, applying the Rumack-Matthew nomogram at four (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Protect the brain — initial stabilisation of major paediatric head injury](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/initial-stabilisation-of-major-paediatric-head-injury) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of severe paediatric traumatic brain injury, leadership of the neuroprotective primary survey with cervical spine contro (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Rapid sequence intubation in children — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/rapid-sequence-intubation-in-children) — OSCE assessment and procedural-planning station for a child requiring rapid sequence intubation, with a structured oral of preparation, drug choice and complication management. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Read the acidosis, choose the antidote — iron, salicylate and toxic alcohol poisoning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/iron-salicylate-and-toxic-alcohol-poisoning) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of a child with a mixed overdose producing a high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis, the reading of the poison-specific signa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Read the halo, beat the clock — oesophageal button battery in a toddler](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/oesophageal-and-gastrointestinal-foreign-body-ingestion) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of an oesophageal button battery from the anteroposterior radiograph halo sign, two-hour emergency endoscopy timing, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Read the strip, choose the antidote — cardiotoxic and psychotropic medication poisoning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cardiotoxic-and-psychotropic-medication-poisoning) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of a child with a mixed cardiotoxic overdose, the reading of the ECG and the toxidrome, the choice of weight-based antid (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Recognise shock from the whole child — physiology and classification](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/shock-in-children-physiology-and-classification) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of compensated shock from the whole child rather than a blood pressure number, grading severity, classifying the haemody (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Recognise the pattern, not the bottle — paediatric drug toxicity](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/opioid-sedative-and-recreational-drug-toxicity) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of the opioid toxidrome, leadership of an ABCDE primary survey with oxygen, ventilation, bedside glucose and access, nal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Resuscitate before you decontaminate — the poisoned child](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/poisoned-child-structured-assessment-and-decontamination) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of a poisoned child, resuscitation before decontamination, taking the four-question ingestion history, reading the toxid (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Resuscitate the circulation, not the number — paediatric septic shock](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/septic-shock-resuscitation-and-vasoactive-support) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of paediatric septic shock, running the first-hour bundle of oxygen, access, reassessed fluid aliquots and antibiotics w (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Run the survey, not the label — ABCDE of the acutely ill child](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/abcde-assessment-and-stabilisation-of-the-acutely-ill-child) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of an acutely ill child, a hands-on ABCDE primary survey that treats each threat as found, age-appropriate oxygen, fluid (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Run the survey, not the label — major trauma and the trauma team](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/major-trauma-and-paediatric-trauma-systems) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of the injured child, leadership of a team-led <C>ABCDE trauma primary survey, catastrophic-haemorrhage-first reas (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Two hours, not two days — button-battery and magnet ingestion](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/button-battery-and-magnet-ingestion) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of a child with a suspected oesophageal button battery, securing the airway, taking the localising radiograph and identi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine - [Adolescent chronic pain and functional symptoms OSCE — validation, function-first plan and school reintegration](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adolescent-chronic-pain-and-functional-symptoms) — Observed structured encounter testing a validating, function-first adolescent chronic-pain consultation: biopsychosocial assessment, red-flag screening once, central-sensitisation (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent consent for research and sensitive services — OSCE communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adolescent-consent-for-research-and-sensitive-services) — Observed structured encounter testing research-enrolment consent (assent plus parental permission, waiver of parental permission), sensitive-services consent, bedside capacity asse (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent consultation OSCE — time alone, confidentiality, HEEADSSS and a safety plan](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adolescent-consultation-heeadsss-assessment-and-confidentiality) — Observed structured encounter testing negotiation of time alone, conditional confidentiality, structured HEEADSSS interviewing, same-visit response to a positive screen, and shared (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent contraceptive consult OSCE — confidentiality, 5 Ps, method choice and a coercion disclosure](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adolescent-sexual-health-and-contraception) — Observed structured encounter testing private time, conditional confidentiality, the 5 Ps, LARC-first counselling, dual protection and a controlling-partner safety assessment. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent health care for young people in out-of-home care — OSCE communication and safeguarding station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adolescent-health-care-for-young-people-in-out-of-home-care) — Observed structured encounter testing trauma-informed engagement, consent-authority clarification, the entry-to-care assessment, a lawful confidentiality override, and transition p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent health in rural and remote settings OSCE — engineered confidentiality, tiered care and retrieval](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adolescent-health-in-rural-and-remote-settings) — Observed structured encounter testing a rural-optimised HEEADSSS with engineered confidentiality, a telehealth-supported plan, and early retrieval activation for a suicidal adolesc (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent obesity and body-image concerns OSCE — assessment, weight-neutral counselling and staged planning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/obesity-and-body-image-concerns-in-adolescents) — Observed structured encounter testing adolescent obesity classification, comorbidity and body-image screening, weight-neutral lifestyle counselling with motivational interviewing, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent PCOS OSCE — diagnostic reasoning, lifestyle counselling and management planning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-in-adolescents) — Observed structured encounter testing adolescent PCOS diagnostic reasoning, mimic exclusion, lifestyle-first counselling with mental health awareness, and shared management plannin (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent pregnancy and parenting OSCE — confirmation, options, safeguarding and postpartum care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adolescent-pregnancy-and-parenting) — Observed structured encounter testing a non-judgemental adolescent pregnancy consultation: confirmation, options counselling, safeguarding, and a postpartum contraception and mood (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent risk assessment and harm minimisation OSCE — screening, brief intervention and the harm bundle](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adolescent-risk-assessment-and-harm-minimisation) — Observed structured encounter testing HEADSS, validated screening, motivational-interviewing brief intervention, and assembly of a domain-specific harm-reduction bundle with a safe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent STI encounter OSCE — confidentiality, site-based testing and safety](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/sexually-transmitted-infection-screening-and-management) — Observed structured encounter testing private time, conditional confidentiality, the 5 P's history, risk- and anatomy-based testing, pregnancy-aware treatment and a PID red-flag as (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent substance-use SBIRT OSCE — screening, brief intervention and the harm bundle](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adolescent-substance-use-screening-brief-intervention-and-harm-reduction) — Observed structured encounter testing universal substance-use screening (S2BI/CRAFFT), motivational-interviewing brief intervention, assembly of a domain-specific harm-reduction bu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Chronic disease self-management OSCE — adolescent adherence and motivational interviewing](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/chronic-disease-self-management-in-young-people) — Observed structured encounter testing objective adherence assessment, motivational interviewing, shared goal-setting and transition planning with an adolescent living with a chroni (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Consent and confidential care for adolescents — OSCE communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/consent-and-confidential-care-for-adolescents) — Observed structured encounter testing time alone, conditional confidentiality, bedside capacity assessment, lawful override and electronic-record confidentiality. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Digital media, gaming and cyberbullying OSCE — screening, the function filter and a safeguarding exit](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/digital-media-gaming-and-cyberbullying) — Observed structured encounter testing non-judgemental digital-media screening, the function filter, motivational-interviewing brief intervention, and recognition of the safeguardin (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Dysmenorrhoea and heavy menstrual bleeding — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/dysmenorrhoea-and-heavy-menstrual-bleeding) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a 13-year-old with heavy menstrual bleeding from menarche: quantifying the bleeding, recognising the bleeding-disease screen, applying (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Eating disorders: recognition and medical instability — OSCE communication and clinical station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/eating-disorders-recognition-and-medical-instability) — Observed structured encounter testing recognition of an eating disorder, application of SCOFF, bedside instability assessment, red-flag triage, and engaging an ambivalent adolescen (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Eating disorders: refeeding and multidisciplinary-care OSCE — risk stratification, refeeding-syndrome prevention and family engagement](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/eating-disorders-refeeding-and-multidisciplinary-care) — Observed structured encounter testing a safe refeeding plan for a malnourished adolescent: risk stratification, micronutrient and electrolyte management, recognition of refeeding s (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain school refusal and bullying plan to an adolescent and parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/school-refusal-bullying-and-social-exclusion) — OSCE communication station: explaining overlapping school refusal and bullying victimisation in plain language, a graded return and anti-bullying response, when an SSRI such as ser (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Gender-affirming adolescent care OSCE — assessment, staging and a family conversion request](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/gender-diversity-and-gender-affirming-paediatric-care) — Observed structured encounter testing an affirming, developmentally appropriate assessment of a peripubertal trans adolescent, a pubertal-suppression eligibility decision, bone-hea (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Inclusive care OSCE — the affirming consultation and the mother's direct question](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/sexual-orientation-identity-and-inclusive-care) — Observed communication station testing an affirming adolescent consultation: establishing confidentiality, asking attraction, identity and behaviour separately, behaviour-based scr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Medication adherence and treatment fatigue OSCE — assessment, measurement and the tailored plan](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/medication-adherence-and-treatment-fatigue) — Observed structured encounter testing a non-judgemental adherence assessment, multimodal measurement interpretation, barrier mapping, and a tailored adherence-promotion plan with a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Menstrual disorders in adolescents — OSCE: heavy menstrual bleeding assessment and plan](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/menstrual-disorders-in-adolescents) — Observed structured encounter testing confidential adolescent history, objective FIGO description of heavy menstrual bleeding, a focused work-up rationale, and a shared mechanism-b (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Normal puberty and adolescent development — short case and counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/normal-puberty-and-adolescent-development) — Observed structured encounter testing pubertal staging, recognition of a normal variant, counselling on timing, and safe identification of a presentation that requires referral. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sleep, fatigue and circadian disorders in adolescents — short case and counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/sleep-fatigue-and-circadian-disorders-in-adolescents) — Observed structured encounter testing adolescent sleep assessment, recognition of the dominant mechanism, stepped-care management, and safe identification of a presentation that re (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Tobacco, vaping and nicotine dependence OSCE — dependence assessment, brief intervention and the cessation plan](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/tobacco-vaping-and-nicotine-dependence) — Observed structured encounter testing universal screening of all nicotine products, dependence grading with DSM-5 and the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist, motivational-interviewing br (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Transition planning clinic — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/transition-readiness-and-transfer-from-paediatric-to-adult-health-services) — OSCE on counselling a young person and family about structured transition from paediatric to adult care. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Youth violence, risky behaviour and injury prevention OSCE — private screening, tiering, lethal-means counselling and the safety override](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/youth-violence-risky-behaviour-and-injury-prevention) — Observed structured encounter testing a private violence and safety screen, prevention-tiered brief advice, lethal-means counselling, and an immediate-safety override. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### allergy-and-immunology - [Allergic disease in children: integrated approach: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/allergic-disease-in-children-integrated-approach) — Clinical long case of a school-age child with multisystem atopic disease (severe eczema, peanut allergy with prior anaphylaxis, poorly controlled asthma and allergic rhinitis), cov (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/allergic-rhinitis-and-rhinoconjunctivitis) — A clinical case of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in an atopic school-aged child, illustrating ARIA classification, stepwise management and the link to asthma. (exams=RACP DCE,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/atopic-dermatitis-and-the-atopic-march) — A clinical case of infantile atopic dermatitis in a child with a strong atopic family history, illustrating diagnostic criteria, stepwise management and the atopic march. (exams=RACP DCE,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Counsel a family on a cow's-milk protein allergy diagnosis and formula choice — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cows-milk-protein-allergy) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a cow's-milk protein allergy diagnosis to a family, the elimination-and-rechallenge approach, the stepwise formula ladder (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Counsel a family on a new X-linked agammaglobulinaemia diagnosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/antibody-deficiencies) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a new antibody-deficiency diagnosis to a family, the need to confirm the defect with a functional vaccine response and ge (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Counsel a family on deferring live vaccines while SCID is excluded — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/vaccination-of-immunocompromised-children) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to a frightened family why the four-month-old's routine live vaccines must be deferred while a combined T-cell def (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Counsel a family on recurrent meningococcal disease and a terminal complement deficiency — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/complement-deficiencies) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a likely terminal complement deficiency to a family after a child's second episode of invasive meningococcal disease, the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Counsel a family on rituximab-related secondary hypogammaglobulinaemia and prophylaxis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/secondary-immunodeficiency) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining secondary immunodeficiency arising from a biologic (rituximab) given for nephrotic syndrome, why immunoglobulin replaceme (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Counsel and plan with a family switching from IVIG to home SCIG — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/immunoglobulin-replacement-and-antimicrobial-prophylaxis) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a route switch from hospital intravenous to home subcutaneous immunoglobulin to the family of a boy with X-linked agammag (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Egg, wheat, soy, fish and shellfish allergy: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/egg-wheat-soy-fish-and-shellfish-allergy) — Clinical long case of a school-age child with egg allergy and moderate eczema on an over-restrictive elimination diet, covering the IgE-mediated mechanism, skin-prick and specific- (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain a food allergy diagnostic plan and challenge to an anxious parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/food-allergy-diagnosis-and-oral-food-challenge) — OSCE communication station: explaining the food allergy diagnostic pathway — the role of clinical history, targeted testing, component-resolved diagnostics, and oral food challenge (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining a false penicillin-allergy label and the delabelling pathway — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/drug-allergy-and-delabelling-in-children) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on a 6-year-old with community-acquired pneumonia and a long-standing, unverified penicillin-allergy label (a childhood rash during a v (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining a primary immunodeficiency diagnosis and immunoglobulin replacement — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/primary-immunodeficiency-warning-signs-and-diagnostic-approach) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a new diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency to the family of an eight-year-old girl referred for recurrent sinopu (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining chronic granulomatous disease and the transplant decision — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/phagocyte-disorders) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining to the parents of a four-year-old boy — admitted with a staphylococcal liver abscess and a prior Serratia pneumonia, and (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining SCID and the transplant urgency — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/t-cell-and-combined-immunodeficiencies) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining to the parents of a six-week-old boy — referred after a low TREC newborn screen and confirmed to have X-linked SCID on fl (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining the ASCIA action plan and demonstrating the autoinjector — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/anaphylaxis-prevention-action-plans-and-autoinjectors) — Communication OSCE on explaining the red ASCIA Anaphylaxis Action Plan and demonstrating adrenaline autoinjector technique to the parent of a 6-year-old child newly diagnosed with (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Food allergy OSCE — acute reaction drill and early-introduction prevention counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/food-allergy-management-and-prevention) — Observed structured encounter testing emergency anaphylaxis management, the written-action-plan ladder, and counselling a high-risk infant's family on early allergen introduction. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Immune dysregulation, lymphoproliferation and autoinflammatory disease — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/immune-dysregulation-lymphoproliferation-and-autoinflammatory-disease) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for a four-year-old with chronic painless lymphadenopathy and a falling platelet count, and parents frightened of cancer. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Latex allergy OSCE — perioperative safety and family counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/latex-allergy) — Observed structured encounter testing preoperative latex-risk assessment of a child with spina bifida, latex-safe surgery planning, and counselling a family about latex avoidance a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Peanut allergy diagnosis and action plan — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/peanut-tree-nut-and-seed-allergy) — OSCE on confirming a new nut allergy diagnosis without overdiagnosis, explaining sensitisation versus clinical allergy, co-designing an action plan with an adrenaline autoinjector, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Pollen-food allergy syndrome OSCE — oral itch triage and systemic-risk counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/oral-allergy-syndrome-and-pollen-food-syndrome) — Observed structured encounter testing triage of a local oral reaction, the low-risk dietary pathway, and counselling a family whose adolescent carries the lipid-transfer-protein sy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Teaching adrenaline autoinjector and action-plan use — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/anaphylaxis-recognition-and-emergency-management) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on teaching the family of a six-year-old — newly diagnosed with peanut anaphylaxis after a reaction in the emergency department — how a (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [The child with a delayed triad after an antibiotic — structured encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/serum-sickness-and-serum-sickness-like-reactions) — A structured clinical encounter testing the approach to a serum-sickness-like reaction: eliciting the latency, confirming the triad, excluding the dangerous drug-reaction mimics, a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [The child with recurrent facial swelling and a family airway history — structured encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/urticaria-and-angioedema) — A structured clinical encounter testing the approach to recurrent angioedema without wheals: recognising the bradykinin pathway, using the C4 screen, confirming hereditary angioede (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [The stung schoolboy — long case on insect-sting hypersensitivity](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/insect-sting-hypersensitivity) — Long case on insect-sting (Hymenoptera venom) hypersensitivity: an eight-year-old boy who collapsed after a wasp sting at school and required intramuscular adrenaline, presenting t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### cardiology - [Atrioventricular septal defect — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/atrioventricular-septal-defect) — Clinical case of a four-month-old girl with Down syndrome and a complete atrioventricular septal defect presenting in heart failure, illustrating anatomy, the pulmonary vascular wi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiac transplantation and ventricular assist devices — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cardiac-transplantation-and-ventricular-assist-devices) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a four-month-old infant with a dilated cardiomyopathy who becomes refractory to medical therapy: recognition of refractory failure, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiogenic shock and mechanical circulatory support — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cardiogenic-shock-and-mechanical-circulatory-support) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a six-year-old boy who presents three days after a viral illness in compensated cardiogenic shock from fulminant myocarditis: the bedsi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiomyopathies in children — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cardiomyopathies-in-children) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an adolescent who collapses during a race with a family history of sudden death: recognition of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the bedsid (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Coarctation and interrupted aortic arch — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/coarctation-and-interrupted-aortic-arch) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a three-day-old neonate who was feeding well then collapses with shock, metabolic acidosis, weak femoral pulses and differential cyanos (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel a young woman with a Fontan circulation on contraception, pregnancy, and staying in care — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adult-congenital-heart-disease-transition) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: a 19-year-old woman with a Fontan circulation returns after a gap in care and asks about contraception and a future pregnancy. The c (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Counsel parents given a new diagnosis of transposition — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/transposition-of-the-great-arteries) — OSCE communication station: breaking the news of a duct-dependent cyanotic congenital heart diagnosis (transposition of the great arteries) in a stable, prostaglandin-infused neona (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel parents of a neonate with critical aortic stenosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/aortic-and-pulmonary-stenosis) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: breaking the news of a critical aortic stenosis diagnosis in a neonate who presented in shock, explaining the prostaglandin therapy, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel parents of a newborn with a suspected duct-dependent cardiac lesion — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cyanotic-newborn-and-critical-congenital-heart-disease-screening) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining to the parents of a newborn found to have a low saturation on pulse-oximetry screening the meaning of the finding, the im (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel the family of an athlete disqualified from competitive sport for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/exercise-evaluation-and-sports-participation-in-heart-disease) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: counselling the 16-year-old athlete and his parents after hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been confirmed on a preparticipation worku (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Duct-dependent congenital heart disease: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/duct-dependent-congenital-heart-disease-recognition-and-stabilisation) — Clinical case of a neonate with hypoplastic left heart syndrome presenting with shock on day 3 of life, covering the two-pathway split, the physiology of duct-dependent systemic ci (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve disease — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/ebstein-anomaly-and-tricuspid-valve-disease) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a two-day-old cyanosed neonate with a massively enlarged heart, a loud tricuspid regurgitant murmur and functional pulmonary atresia: t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain a pulmonary hypertension diagnosis to an adolescent and family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pulmonary-hypertension-in-children) — OSCE communication and counselling station: explaining a new diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension to a teenager and their family, outlining the combination therapy, the lif (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain a sudden cardiac arrest to an adolescent and his mother — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/ventricular-arrhythmias-and-sudden-cardiac-death) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining to an adolescent and his mother the meaning of a cardiac arrest from ventricular fibrillation, the likely diagnosis of hy (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain a total anomalous pulmonary venous connection diagnosis to parents and plan the surgery — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection) — OSCE communication and counselling station: explaining a new diagnosis of obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the parents of a two-day-old cyanosed neonate, o (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain an acute rheumatic fever diagnosis to a parent and plan the prophylaxis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-rheumatic-fever-and-rheumatic-heart-disease) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a new diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever to the mother of a nine-year-old Aboriginal boy, outlining the benzathine penici (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain an anomalous coronary and exercise restriction to a young athlete — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-coronary-anomalies-and-anomalous-left-coronary-artery) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining an anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery to a young athlete and his parent, the reason for exercise restriction, t (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain an atrial septal defect diagnosis to parents and plan the closure — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/atrial-septal-defect-and-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a new atrial septal defect diagnosis confirmed on echocardiography to the parents of an asymptomatic four-year-old, outli (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain complete heart block and the pacemaker to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/bradyarrhythmias-heart-block-and-pacing) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the diagnosis of congenital complete heart block to a parent whose newborn has a slow heart rate and a maternal history o (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain Kawasaki disease and its treatment to a frightened parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/kawasaki-disease-and-coronary-complications) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease to a parent, the IVIG and aspirin treatment, the reason for the echocardiograms and the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain long-QT syndrome to a parent after a near-drowning — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/long-qt-syndrome-and-channelopathies) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the diagnosis of long-QT syndrome to a parent after their child collapsed during swimming, the meaning of the QT interval (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain supraventricular tachycardia to a frightened parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/supraventricular-tachycardia) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia to a parent after acute termination in an infant, the long-term medication (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain tetralogy of Fallot and a tet spell to a frightened parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/tetralogy-of-fallot) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot to a parent after an acute hypercyanotic spell, the planned surgery, the recovery an (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explaining a heart murmur to a family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cardiovascular-examination-and-murmur-assessment) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to the parents of a thriving four-year-old boy what the soft heart murmur found at a routine check means, how the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Heart failure in infants and children — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/heart-failure-in-infants-and-children) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a six-week-old infant presenting in overcirculation heart failure from a moderate-to-large ventricular septal defect: recognition, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypertension in children — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hypertension-in-children) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a six-year-old referred after a school health check found a stage 2 blood pressure: the confirmation and classification, the secondary- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypoplastic left heart syndrome — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hypoplastic-left-heart-syndrome) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a three-day-old neonate who was feeding well then collapses with uniformly weak pulses, grey mottled skin and metabolic acidosis: the p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Infective endocarditis — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/infective-endocarditis) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a nine-year-old girl with repaired tetralogy of Fallot who presents with two weeks of fever, fatigue, a new diastolic murmur, viridans (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Innocent murmurs and normal paediatric cardiovascular variants — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/innocent-murmurs-and-normal-paediatric-cardiovascular-variants) — OSCE communication and clinical-reasoning station: a parent referred with a child found to have a murmur. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Myocarditis and pericarditis — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/myocarditis-and-pericarditis) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a nine-year-old boy who presents a week after a viral illness with central chest pain, breathlessness and palpitations, a gallop rhythm (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Patent ductus arteriosus — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/patent-ductus-arteriosus) — A long-case discussion of a thriving 4-year-old referred with a continuous machinery murmur, walking through the assessment, the management decision, the device procedure, and the (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP Pediatric Cardiology,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a 15-year-old girl with four months of daily orthostatic symptoms meeting POTS criteria: the orthostatic history, the cardiac red-flag (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Syncope and orthostatic intolerance — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/syncope-and-orthostatic-intolerance) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a 13-year-old boy who collapses while sprinting with no prodrome and a family history of sudden death: the cardiac red-flag history, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Truncus arteriosus and single-ventricle physiology — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/truncus-arteriosus-and-single-ventricle-physiology) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a four-week-old infant with mild neonatal cyanosis that has progressed to heart failure, bounding pulses, a wide pulse pressure and a s (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ventricular septal defect — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/ventricular-septal-defect) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an infant presenting in overcirculation heart failure from a moderate-to-large ventricular septal defect at six weeks: recognition, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) ### child-safety-and-social-paediatrics - [Child sexual abuse and assault assessment OSCE — acute adolescent assault and the non-acute normal examination](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/child-sexual-abuse-and-assault-assessment) — Observed structured encounter testing tempo recognition, conditional confidentiality, the staged acute assault bundle with its time-limited elements, and the interpretation and com (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Children in out-of-home care and foster care — OSCE communication and safeguarding station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/children-in-out-of-home-care-and-foster-care) — Observed structured encounter testing trauma-informed engagement with a young child and carer, consent-authority clarification, the entry-to-care assessment, a lawful safeguarding (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Discuss a perplexing presentation with the safeguarding team — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/caregiver-fabricated-or-induced-illness) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: presenting a suspected perplexing presentation with fabricated-or-induced-illness alerting features to the designated safeguarding l (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Discuss IPV exposure and safety planning with a non-offending parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/intimate-partner-violence-and-its-impact-on-children) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the recognition of intimate partner violence exposure and its impact on a child, the safety assessment and lethal-means q (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Documentation OSCE — capturing a perishable finding to court standard](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/photodocumentation-and-medicolegal-evidence) — Observed structured encounter testing injury photodocumentation, the three-shot rule, secure storage governance, and the fact-versus-opinion distinction in suspected child maltreat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Expert reports and court evidence in child protection — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/expert-reports-and-court-evidence-in-child-protection) — OSCE station: explaining the role of an expert report and the duty to the court to the parents of an infant with inflicted injury, distinguishing fact from opinion, framing the pro (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain a perplexing presentation and a safety-netted plan to an exhausted family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/perplexing-presentations-and-diagnostic-uncertainty) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a perplexing presentation to the parents of a child with two years of unexplained, escalating symptoms, conveying diagnos (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain a sentinel oral injury and the safeguarding plan to a carer — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/intra-oral-injury-and-occult-trauma) — OSCE communication station: explaining that a sentinel oral injury requires a safeguarding workup, what the occult-trauma screen involves, and the mandatory-reporting duty, deliver (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain an inflicted immersion scald and the safeguarding plan to a non-offending parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/inflicted-burns-and-scalds) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining to a non-offending parent that their toddler's scald pattern is not consistent with the given history, why the safeguardi (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain an unsafe-sleep presentation to a frightened parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/strangulation-suffocation-and-asphyxial-injury) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the recognition and management of an asphyxial collapse in an unsafe sleep environment to a distressed parent — the worku (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain online sexual exploitation and the safety plan to an adolescent and parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/online-sexual-exploitation-and-image-based-abuse) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the recognition of online sexual exploitation (financial sextortion) to a frightened adolescent and his parent, the acute (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain suspected abusive head trauma to a frightened parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/abusive-head-trauma) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the recognition of suspected abusive head trauma to a parent, the workup and safeguarding process, why the team must inve (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain suspected poisoning as maltreatment to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/poisoning-as-maltreatment) — OSCE communication and safeguarding station: explaining the recognition of suspected poisoning as maltreatment to a parent, why the team must investigate and keep the child in hosp (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining a family-support and prevention plan — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/prevention-of-child-maltreatment-and-family-support) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on offering a non-stigmatising, evidence-based prevention and family-support plan to a young first-time mother at the antenatal visit, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Female genital mutilation or cutting OSCE — the at-risk girl and the acute complication](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/female-genital-mutilation-or-cutting) — Observed structured encounter testing recognition of FGM and its WHO type, the acute management of complications, the deinfibulation pathway, and the safeguarding, reporting, and s (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Homelessness and housing instability — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/homelessness-and-housing-instability) — OSCE station: screening for and responding to housing instability in a family presenting with a child's recurrent asthma, applying the vital-sign screening principle, maintaining r (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Inflicted fractures and other non-accidental musculoskeletal injury — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/inflicted-fractures-and-other-non-accidental-musculoskeletal-injury) — OSCE communication-and-safeguarding station assessing a six-month-old, pre-mobile infant with a spiral femur fracture and an implausible history, testing the recognition of high-sp (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,MRCPCH Theory,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Kinship care, adoption and permanency health assessments — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/kinship-care-adoption-and-permanency-health-assessments) — OSCE communication and management station: explaining the staged health assessment and care plan to the kinship carer of a newly placed Aboriginal child, confirming consent, applyi (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Mandatory reporting and jurisdictional child-protection frameworks — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/mandatory-reporting-and-jurisdictional-child-protection-frameworks) — OSCE station: explaining a mandatory-reporting duty to the parents of an infant with a sentinel injury, applying the reasonable-belief threshold, maintaining a therapeutic relation (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Medical neglect and refusal of care — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/medical-neglect-and-refusal-of-care) — OSCE communication-and-ethics station assessing a four-year-old with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia whose loving parents refuse the standard chemotherapy protocol in (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,MRCPCH Theory,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Multidisciplinary child-protection case conference — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/multidisciplinary-child-protection-case-conference) — OSCE station: a registrar preparing for a child-protection case conference, explaining the process to a concerned colleague and articulating the paediatrician's role, the report st (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neglect and supervisory neglect — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neglect-and-supervisory-neglect) — OSCE communication-and-safeguarding station assessing a three-year-old who presents with a scald and a chaotic, multi-domain picture of unmet need — testing the omission-versus-com (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,MRCPCH Theory,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Poverty, food insecurity and social prescribing — OSCE communication and social-prescribing station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/poverty-food-insecurity-and-social-prescribing) — Observed structured encounter testing destigmatised screening for material hardship, use of the Hunger Vital Sign, co-design of a social prescription with the family, a diagnostic- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Psychological and emotional abuse OSCE — recognition, safeguarding plan and safety](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/psychological-and-emotional-abuse) — Observed structured encounter testing recognition of and response to psychological and emotional abuse: classifying the pattern using Glaser's framework, assessing the caregiving e (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Recognising and responding to a sentinel injury — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/child-maltreatment-recognition-and-response) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on recognising a sentinel injury in a pre-mobile infant, explaining the concern and the plan to a non-offending parent, and running the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Refugee, asylum-seeking and newly arrived children — OSCE communication and screening station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/refugee-asylum-seeking-and-newly-arrived-children) — Observed structured encounter testing trauma-informed, interpreter-mediated engagement with a newly arrived child and family, guardianship and consent clarification, the on-arrival (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sentinel injury OSCE — recognising inflicted bruising in the non-mobile infant](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/physical-abuse-bruising-and-sentinel-injuries) — Observed structured encounter testing recognition of inflicted bruising, the TEN-4 FACES-L rule, the bleeding-disorder differential and the safeguarding pathway. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Suspected child sexual abuse with a positive STI — forensic evaluation, prophylaxis and safety planning OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/sexually-transmitted-infections-and-child-sexual-abuse) — Observed structured encounter testing safety triage, trauma-informed history, grading of an STI as evidence of sexual contact, the forensic examination frame, prophylaxis reasoning (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Suspected inflicted abdominal injury — long case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/inflicted-abdominal-and-thoracic-injury) — Long case on a pre-verbal child with delayed presentation of a rigid abdomen: pattern recognition, occult-injury screening, concurrent trauma-and-safeguarding management and safe d (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Trafficking, exploitation and forced marriage — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/trafficking-exploitation-and-forced-marriage) — OSCE station: explaining to a young person alone in a cubicle why a child-protection report and a trafficking referral are being made, applying the principle that a child cannot co (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Trauma-informed examination and forensic documentation OSCE — the threat response and the court-admissible record](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/trauma-informed-examination-and-forensic-documentation) — Observed structured encounter testing the trauma-informed response to a freeze during examination, the single trained forensic interview, the documentation standard that separates (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Youth justice and detained young people — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/youth-justice-and-detained-young-people) — OSCE station: performing an entry health screen and risk assessment for a young person newly admitted to detention, applying the equivalence-of-care principle, maintaining confiden (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### clinical-assessment-and-reasoning - [‘Please just check her ears’ — structured PE OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/structured-physical-examination-from-newborn-to-adolescent) — OSCE-style encounter testing age-adapted examination sequencing in a febrile infant, measurement technique, incomplete-exam honesty, red-flag conversion and caregiver communication (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [‘They’re not themselves’ — seriously ill child structured encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/recognising-the-seriously-ill-child-and-paediatric-assessment-triangle) — A bedside structured encounter testing recognition of serious illness, PAT, focused ABCDE, communication, early escalation, safeguarding, handover and disposition. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-10) - [Age-adapted history OSCE — toddler fever and adolescent confidentiality](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paediatric-history-and-age-adapted-consultation) — Observed structured encounter testing multi-party paediatric history, interpreter use, confidential adolescent technique, teach-back and safety-netting. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Age-specific normal vital signs and physiological ranges — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/age-specific-normal-vital-signs-and-physiological-ranges) — OSCE station. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Bayesian test-selection OSCE — neonate residual risk and caregiver counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/diagnostic-test-selection-and-bayesian-reasoning-in-paediatrics) — Observed structured encounter testing pre-test estimation, selective investigation, residual-risk counselling after a negative marker, and handover of pending results. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Contested discharge and retrieval — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/safe-disposition-escalation-referral-and-safety-netting) — Structured encounter testing pre-discharge reassessment, caregiver concern, capability-matched disposition, I-PASS/ISBAR handover, retrieval decision and safety-netting teach-back. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Failure to thrive and faltering growth: diagnostic approach — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/failure-to-thrive-and-faltering-growth-diagnostic-approach) — OSCE counselling and management station for faltering growth. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Fatigue and lethargy in children and adolescents — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/fatigue-and-lethargy-in-children-and-adolescents) — OSCE counselling and clinical reasoning station for adolescent fatigue. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Growth measurement, charting and interpretation — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/growth-measurement-charting-and-interpretation) — OSCE station. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Handover and consultation OSCE — ED to ward with residual risk](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/handover-referral-and-consultation-in-paediatrics) — Observed structured encounter testing I-PASS handoff, ISBAR surgical consult, interpreter use and residual-risk communication. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Home-ventilated child with night alarms — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/care-of-children-with-medical-complexity-and-technology-dependence) — Structured encounter testing CMC recognition, technology-dependent ABCDE, device-versus-disease reasoning, emergency care planning, polypharmacy reconciliation, caregiver partnersh (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Incidental findings OSCE — trauma CT cyst counselling and cascade control](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/incidental-findings-and-overdiagnosis-in-children) — Observed structured encounter testing classification of an incidental imaging finding, cascade control, residual-risk counselling and safe handover without underdiagnosis. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Interpreting common paediatric laboratory reference ranges — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/interpreting-common-paediatric-laboratory-reference-ranges) — OSCE station on interpreting flagged paediatric laboratory results and counselling caregivers. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Lymphadenopathy and organomegaly: diagnostic approach — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/lymphadenopathy-and-organomegaly-diagnostic-approach) — OSCE counselling station for paediatric lymphadenopathy and EBV-related organomegaly concerns. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Medical home and continuity OSCE — complex care discharge and transition counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/continuity-of-care-and-the-paediatric-medical-home) — Observed structured encounter testing continuity assessment, care-coordination planning, ED loop closure and transition counselling. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Medication reconciliation OSCE — complex discharge counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/medication-reconciliation-and-polypharmacy-in-children) — Observed structured encounter testing BPMH skills, discrepancy prioritisation and discharge medication teach-back for a child with medical complexity. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Not their normal — multimorbidity and diagnostic overshadowing structured encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/multimorbidity-and-diagnostic-overshadowing-in-children) — A bedside structured encounter testing multimorbidity framing, refusal of diagnostic overshadowing, baseline-aware assessment, pain search, polypharmacy safety, communication and r (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Oedema in children: diagnostic approach — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/oedema-in-children-diagnostic-approach) — OSCE counselling and clinical reasoning station for new-onset paediatric oedema. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Paediatric telehealth OSCE — video triage and rural consult](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/telehealth-assessment-and-remote-examination-of-children) — Observed structured encounter testing telehealth readiness checks, remote examination coaching, stewardship, EMS activation language and safety-netting. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Pallor in children: diagnostic approach — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pallor-in-children-diagnostic-approach) — OSCE counselling and management station for paediatric pallor. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Poor feeding OSCE — neonate triage and preschool feeding plan](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/poor-feeding-in-infants-and-children) — Observed structured encounter testing threat-first assessment of neonatal poor feeding and communication of a multidisciplinary plan for chronic selective feeding with growth falte (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Problem representation OSCE — infant return visit and residual-risk counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/clinical-reasoning-problem-representation-and-differential-diagnosis) — Observed structured encounter testing one-sentence problem representation, threat-first differential, diagnostic pause, residual-risk counselling and handover. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Rising PEWS overnight — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/illness-severity-deterioration-and-track-and-trigger-systems) — Bedside structured encounter testing PEWS interpretation, incomplete observations, caregiver concern, age-adapted ABCDE, MET activation, handover, disposition and systems reflectio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Shared-care planning OSCE — multi-level co-management and loop closure](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/shared-care-planning-across-primary-secondary-and-tertiary-care) — Observed structured encounter testing shared-care assessment, written plan design, oncology hub-and-spoke counselling and transition communication. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toddler speech concern — developmental surveillance OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/developmental-surveillance-and-milestone-assessment) — OSCE on surveillance, screening choice and referral counselling. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Weight loss in children and adolescents — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/weight-loss-in-children-and-adolescents) — OSCE counselling and clinical reasoning station for adolescent weight loss. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) ### clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics - [Adverse drug reactions OSCE — suspected anaphylaxis and reporting](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adverse-drug-reactions-and-pharmacovigilance) — Observed structured encounter testing recognition and immediate management of a suspected drug reaction, causality reasoning, family communication, and the duty to report through t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Anticipate before you prescribe — drug interactions and reconciliation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/drug-interactions-and-medication-reconciliation) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing anticipation of a cytochrome P450-mediated drug interaction, prediction of the direction and timing of inhibition, choosing among av (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Asking about complementary and traditional medicines — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/complementary-alternative-and-traditional-medicines) — Communication OSCE on taking a respectful, non-judgemental complementary and alternative medicine history from a parent, screening for interactions and contamination, counselling h (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Assess and correct a child's inhaler technique — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/inhaled-therapies-and-device-selection) — OSCE clinical-decision and communication station: assessing and correcting a child's inhaler technique when an inhaled corticosteroid appears to fail, applying the SEAL check, dist (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Build a precision-prescribing plan for a child starting azathioprine — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pharmacogenomics-and-precision-therapeutics) — OSCE clinical-decision and communication station: building a TPMT and NUDT15-guided thiopurine plan for a child with newly diagnosed Crohn disease, ordering the right tests, transl (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chemotherapy and supportive pharmacology — formative case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/chemotherapy-and-supportive-pharmacology) — A MedVellum formative structured clinical encounter following a child starting a doxorubicin and cisplatin regimen, assessing the dexrazoxane cardioprotection decision, the antieme (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Counselling a family about a medicine the child cannot take — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/medication-adherence-and-formulation-challenges) — Communication OSCE on reframing a child's erratic disease control as a formulation-and-adherence problem, assessing how the medicine is actually taken, identifying the barrier, and (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Counselling a family after a neonatal morphine error — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/developmental-pharmacology-and-age-related-pharmacokinetics) — OSCE on disclosing a developmental pharmacology medication error to a parent: explaining why a 'standard' dose caused toxicity in a term neonate and how it will be prevented. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Counselling a family that a medicine is off-label — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/off-label-and-unlicensed-medicine-use) — Communication OSCE on explaining to a parent that a medicine is being prescribed outside its product licence for their child, covering informed consent, the evidence base, the form (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Endocrine and diabetes medicines OSCE — DKA insulin and fluid prescribing with family counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/endocrine-and-diabetes-medicines) — Observed structured encounter testing the DKA insulin and fluid prescribing sequence, the rationale for the insulin infusion rate and no-bolus rule, pump-failure safety counselling (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Explaining procedural sedation, fasting and risk to a family — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/procedural-sedation-medicines) — Communication OSCE on explaining procedural sedation medicines to a family before a painful fracture reduction: the agent, the fasting decision, the monitoring, and the realistic r (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Interpret and act on an out-of-range vancomycin level — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/therapeutic-drug-monitoring) — OSCE clinical-decision and communication station: interpreting an out-of-range vancomycin level in a child with serious MRSA infection, applying the area-under-the-curve target, ex (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Pick the right antidote — poisoning antidotes and toxicology pharmacology](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/poisoning-antidotes-and-toxicology-pharmacology) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of an opioid toxidrome and the weight-based naloxone response, the decision to start N-acetylcysteine for a staggered pa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Recognise and manage adrenal crisis in a steroid-dependent child — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/corticosteroid-therapy-and-adverse-effects) — OSCE clinical-decision and communication station: recognising adrenal crisis in a steroid-dependent child who collapses with hypoglycaemia during a febrile illness, applying the ag (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Renal and hepatic dose adjustment OSCE — child with CKD, a high-risk antibiotic and family counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/renal-and-hepatic-dose-adjustment-in-children) — Observed structured encounter testing bedside Schwartz eGFR calculation, KDIGO staging, a renal dose-adjustment decision for a high-risk antibiotic, level interpretation, and famil (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Responding to a high-alert medication error — communication and systems OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/safe-prescribing-administration-and-monitoring) — OSCE on responding to a high-alert medication error in a child: immediate management, open disclosure to the family, and the system changes that prevent recurrence. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Resuscitate a cyanotic neonate with prostaglandin E1 — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cardiovascular-medicines-in-children) — OSCE clinical-decision and communication station: recognising a duct-dependent neonate, starting prostaglandin E1 at the weight-based dose, anticipating the adverse effects of apno (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Screen before you prescribe — immunosuppressive and biologic therapy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/immunosuppressive-and-biologic-therapies) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing the safe initiation of methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the pre-biotic screen before a tumour necrosis factor inhib (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Screen before you vaccinate — vaccines and immunobiology](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/vaccines-and-immunobiology) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing safe childhood vaccination — the prevaccination screen for immunocompromise, pregnancy, severe allergy, and the interval since any l (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Stop the codeine — opioids and acute pain medicines](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/opioids-and-acute-pain-medicines) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of the codeine contraindication after tonsillectomy, defence of the CYP2D6 prodrug mechanism, and construction of a safe (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [The right dose, the right cap, the right child — analgesic and antipyretic prescribing](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/analgesics-and-antipyretics) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing the safe choice, calculation and prescription of a paediatric analgesic and antipyretic: obtaining a measured weight, scoring the pa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Weigh it, cap it, check it — weight-based dosing and dose calculation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/weight-based-dosing-body-surface-area-and-dose-calculation) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing the safe calculation and verification of a paediatric drug dose: obtaining a measured weight and height, choosing between weight-bas (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth - [Acquired hypothyroidism and Hashimoto thyroiditis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acquired-hypothyroidism-and-hashimoto-thyroiditis) — OSCE counselling and management station for a newly diagnosed adolescent with Hashimoto thyroiditis. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adrenal-insufficiency-and-adrenal-crisis) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a pigmented, losing-weight adolescent who collapses with primary adrenal insufficiency: the diagnosis, the empiric hydrocortisone-first (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Childhood obesity assessment and staged management OSCE — classification, comorbidity screening and weight-neutral planning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/obesity-assessment-complications-and-treatment) — Observed structured encounter testing childhood obesity classification using BMI-for-age, systematic comorbidity screening, selective secondary-cause exclusion, weight-neutral fami (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Communicating a new Graves disease diagnosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hyperthyroidism-and-graves-disease) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to a thirteen-year-old girl and her mother what a new Graves disease diagnosis means, how the antibody caused the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a genitally normal male neonate who collapses with salt-wasting at two weeks: the diagnosis, the hydrocortisone-first resuscitation, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel a family given a new diagnosis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/osteoporosis-and-fragility-fractures-in-children) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: breaking the news of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in a steroid-treated boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who has a vertebr (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel a family given a new diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency rickets — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/rickets-and-metabolic-bone-disease) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: breaking the news of a vitamin D deficiency rickets diagnosis in an exclusively breastfed infant, explaining the cause and the reass (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel a family on a new diagnosis of central precocious puberty — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/precocious-puberty) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to the parents of a 6-year-old girl what a new diagnosis of progressive central precocious puberty means, why a br (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel an adolescent boy and his family on delayed puberty — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/constitutional-delay-and-familial-short-stature) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: counselling a distressed fourteen-year-old boy and his parents on constitutional delay of growth and puberty — explaining the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel parents given a new diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-hypothyroidism) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: breaking the news of a congenital hypothyroidism diagnosis confirmed after an abnormal newborn bloodspot screen, explaining the scre (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel parents given a new finding of atypical genitalia — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/disorders-of-sex-development) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: breaking the news of a disorder of sex development to the parents of a two-day-old infant with atypical genitalia, explaining that n (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel parents of a tall child referred for overgrowth assessment — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/tall-stature-and-overgrowth-syndromes) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: counselling the parents of a seven-year-old boy referred because he is the tallest in his class and has been flagged for overgrowth (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counselling a family starting recombinant growth hormone therapy — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/growth-hormone-deficiency-and-excess) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to parents what a new growth hormone deficiency diagnosis means for their 6-year-old son, why the low growth veloc (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counselling the family of a survivor starting hormone replacement — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/endocrine-late-effects-of-cancer-treatment) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to the parents of a 9-year-old medulloblastoma survivor what the new endocrine late effects mean — why the slowing (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cushing syndrome in children — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cushing-syndrome-in-children) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an obese adolescent whose height has fallen off the centiles: the growth-arrest discriminator, the three-test confirmatory work-up, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Diabetes insipidus and polyuria-polydipsia — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/diabetes-insipidus-and-polyuria-polydipsia) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for the parents of a child newly diagnosed with central diabetes insipidus after removal of a craniopharyngioma, explaining desmop (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Endocrine emergencies: integrated approach — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/endocrine-emergencies-integrated-approach) — Structured encounter testing the integrated approach to a 4-year-old with undiagnosed new-onset DKA who develops cerebral oedema during treatment: the recognition, the bedside tria (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explaining a constitutional delay of puberty diagnosis to an adolescent and his family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/delayed-puberty-and-hypogonadism-in-adolescents) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to a 14-year-old boy and his parents what constitutional delay of growth and puberty means, why he is short and pr (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hypercalcaemia-and-hyperparathyroidism) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an adolescent with stones, bone pain and an inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone: the PTH fork, the urine calcium-to-creatinine c (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hypocalcaemia-and-hypoparathyroidism) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for the parents of a newly diagnosed infant with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge) presenting with neonatal hypocalcaemia and s (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypoglycaemia-prevention plan for school — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hypoglycaemia-in-diabetes) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to the parents and a school teacher of a seven-year-old with type 1 diabetes what hypoglycaemia is and why it recu (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypopituitarism and pituitary lesions — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hypopituitarism-and-pituitary-lesions) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a child with short stature, a falling height velocity, morning headache and a visual field defect: the recognition of a suprasellar les (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Lipid disorders and familial hypercholesterolaemia — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/lipid-disorders-and-familial-hypercholesterolaemia) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a well 9-year-old boy found to have an LDL-C of 6.2 mmol per litre and a father with a myocardial infarction at 48: the diagnostic thre (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Monogenic diabetes and neonatal diabetes — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/monogenic-diabetes-and-neonatal-diabetes) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a six-week-old with persistent insulin-requiring hyperglycaemia found during a febrile illness: the recognition that diabetes under six (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [New-onset DKA in a district hospital — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/diabetic-ketoacidosis) — OSCE clinical management and communication station: managing new-onset diabetic ketoacidosis in a child at a district hospital before retrieval, delivering the ISPAD fluid, insulin (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Phaeochromocytoma and endocrine hypertension — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/phaeochromocytoma-and-endocrine-hypertension) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a hypertensive adolescent with episodes of severe headache, sweating and palpitations: the metanephrines-first diagnostic rule, the ima (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Short stature and poor linear growth — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/short-stature-and-poor-linear-growth) — OSCE skills and counselling station on growth measurement, chart interpretation and parent explanation for a short child. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [SIADH and disorders of water balance — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/siadh-and-disorders-of-water-balance) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station explaining hospital-acquired hyponatraemia and SIADH, the fluid-restriction plan, and the prevention of overcorrection to the pare (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Thyroid nodules, goitre and thyroid cancer — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/thyroid-nodules-goitre-and-thyroid-cancer) — OSCE station: communicating the risk-stratification and multidisciplinary pathway for an adolescent thyroid nodule. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Type 1 diabetes: diagnosis and initial management — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/type-1-diabetes-diagnosis-and-initial-management) — Structured encounter testing the diagnosis and first management of a six-year-old with a two-week history of thirst, polyuria and weight loss who is alert and not acidotic with a g (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Type 1 diabetes: insulin therapy, technology and ambulatory care — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/type-1-diabetes-insulin-therapy-technology-and-ambulatory-care) — Structured encounter testing the ambulatory care of a seven-year-old on an insulin pump who presents with abdominal pain, vomiting and ketones, with a normal-looking cannula site: (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in youth — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/type-2-diabetes-and-metabolic-syndrome-in-youth) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a thirteen-year-old boy whose metformin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes is failing: the recognition of the rapid beta-cell decline, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) ### ent-hearing-and-oral-health - [Ankyloglossia and infant feeding — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/ankyloglossia-and-infant-feeding) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a two-week-old breastfed infant with feeding failure — poor weight gain, a painful clicking latch, a mother with cracked nipples and en (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a family on a newborn cleft lip and palate — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cleft-lip-and-palate) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining the diagnosis of a unilateral cleft lip and palate to the parents of a newborn, the feeding technique with a squee (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a family on a small, malformed ear and the hearing pathway — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-ear-anomalies-and-microtia) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining the diagnosis of grade III microtia with aural atresia in a newborn with a normal contralateral ear, the meaning o (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Dental caries and oral-health prevention — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/dental-caries-enamel-disease-and-oral-health-prevention) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a three-year-old with brown, cavitated upper front teeth and a bedtime bottle: the case definition and pattern of early childhood carie (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Dental trauma and avulsed teeth — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/dental-trauma-and-avulsed-teeth) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an eight-year-old boy who has just knocked out a permanent upper central incisor on the playground and has brought the tooth wrapped in (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Epistaxis in children — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/epistaxis-in-children) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a four-year-old with an active profuse nosebleed brought in tilted backward with pressure on the bony bridge: the recognition and corre (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain a persistent neck lump and the safety-net to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neck-masses-in-children) — OSCE communication station: explaining to a parent why their child's neck lump needs an ultrasound, what the four-to-six-week rule and a supraclavicular location mean, what to watc (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain acute otitis media and a safety-net plan to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-otitis-media) — OSCE communication and shared-management station: explaining acute otitis media to a parent, why antibiotics are not always needed, what to give for pain, what to watch for at home (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain drooling and an unsafe-swallow plan to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/drooling-dysphagia-and-upper-aerodigestive-disorders) — OSCE communication and shared-management station: explaining drooling (sialorrhoea) and an unsafe swallow to the parent of a child with severe cerebral palsy, why the chest matters (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain facial swelling and the safety-net to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/facial-swelling-and-odontogenic-infection) — OSCE communication station: explaining to a parent why their child's facial swelling of dental origin needs the source tooth treated rather than antibiotics alone, what to give for (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain sore throat and the safety-net to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pharyngitis-tonsillitis-peritonsillar-abscess-and-deep-neck-infection) — OSCE communication station: explaining to a parent why their child's sore throat does not always need antibiotics, what the McIsaac score and swab achieve, what to give for pain, a (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, the antibiotic decision and the safety-net — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-and-chronic-rhinosinusitis) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in a 5-year-old to a parent, covering why an antibiotic is now needed after (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining glue ear and the watchful-waiting plan — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/otitis-media-with-effusion-and-grommet-decisions) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of otitis media with effusion (glue ear) in a 2-year-old to a parent, covering the distinction from acute ear (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining mastoiditis, admission and the surgical decision — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/mastoiditis-and-otogenic-complications) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of acute mastoiditis in a 14-month-old to a parent, covering the need for admission and intravenous antibioti (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hearing assessment and childhood hearing loss — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hearing-assessment-and-childhood-hearing-loss) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a baby who refers on the newborn hearing screen: the 1-3-6 milestones, the diagnostic auditory brainstem response and how it distinguis (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nasal foreign body and button-battery injury — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/nasal-foreign-body-and-button-battery-injury) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a two-year-old with a missing button battery and a disc wedged against the nasal septum: the emergency-removal decision that does not w (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Oral manifestations of systemic disease — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/oral-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a pale tired six-year-old with swollen bleeding gums and palatal petechiae: the recognition of leukaemic gingival infiltration, the urg (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Oral ulcers and mucosal disease — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/oral-ulcers-and-mucosal-disease) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a febrile drooling two-year-old with diffuse painful anterior gingival ulceration: the diagnosis of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Otitis externa — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/otitis-externa) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an eight-year-old swimmer with otalgia, otorrhoea and tragal tenderness: the canal-versus-middle-ear distinction, the analgesia-led top (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Salivary gland disorders — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/salivary-gland-disorders) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an under-immunised child with bilateral tender parotid swelling: the diagnosis of mumps, the supportive management, the five-day exclus (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tinnitus, vertigo and balance disorders in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/tinnitus-vertigo-and-balance-disorders-in-children) — Longitudinal clinical case of a thirteen-year-old girl with vestibular migraine, covering the diagnosis from the consensus criteria, the peripheral-versus-central assessment that e (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal - [A jaundiced infant at 12 hours of an RhD-sensitised pregnancy — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/haemolytic-disease-of-the-fetus-and-newborn) — OSCE on the neonatal management of haemolytic disease of the newborn, testing first-24-hour jaundice recognition, the hour-specific nomogram, the phototherapy-IVIG-exchange ladder, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [A rising-FiO2 preterm on CPAP — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/respiratory-distress-syndrome-of-prematurity) — OSCE on managing a 27-week preterm whose inspired oxygen climbs on nasal CPAP, testing the surfactant threshold, the LISA approach, oxygen targeting and the prevention of bronchopu (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Apnoea of prematurity — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/apnoea-of-prematurity) — Clinical case of a very preterm infant with recurrent apnoea who deteriorates at one week of age, illustrating exclusion of secondary causes and caffeine-first management. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Birth trauma and brachial plexus injury — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/birth-trauma-and-brachial-plexus-injury) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a newborn with a brachial plexus birth injury after shoulder dystocia: Narakas grading, the immediate management and coexisting-injury (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and chronic neonatal lung disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia-and-chronic-neonatal-lung-disease) — Clinical case of a preterm infant with severe BPD and pulmonary hypertension. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital and perinatally acquired infections: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-and-perinatally-acquired-infections) — Clinical case of congenital syphilis in an infant of a mother with late antenatal presentation, covering recognition, investigation, treatment, public-health management, and survei (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital heart disease presenting in the newborn — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-heart-disease-presenting-in-the-newborn) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a day-three collapsed neonate with a duct-dependent obstructive lesion: the bedside split, the prostaglandin-first resuscitation, the i (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Conjugated jaundice and neonatal cholestasis: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/conjugated-jaundice-and-neonatal-cholestasis-including-biliary-atresia) — Clinical case of a five-week-old infant with biliary atresia, covering recognition of conjugated jaundice and acholic stools, the diagnostic pathway, the Kasai portoenterostomy, po (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Diffuse scalp swelling and pallor after vacuum delivery — subgaleal haemorrhage](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cephalhaematoma-and-subgaleal-haemorrhage) — OSCE on a term newborn delivered by vacuum extraction who develops a diffuse boggy scalp swelling with pallor and tachycardia, testing the suture-line discriminator, the recognitio (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Dysmorphic newborn — assessment and counselling OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-anomalies-and-dysmorphic-newborn-assessment) — OSCE on assessing a dysmorphic term newborn, choosing the diagnostic ladder, and counselling the parents about a likely syndrome. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Extremely preterm infant viability and periviable counselling — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/extremely-preterm-infant-viability-and-periviable-counselling) — OSCE station: antenatal counselling of parents facing imminent delivery at 23 weeks gestation, balancing honest outcome data with empathy and shared decision-making. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Family-integrated developmental care in NICU](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/family-integrated-developmental-care-in-nicu) — Clinical case of a preterm infant whose mother, participating in a FiCare programme, develops stress and depressive symptoms with suboptimal infant weight gain, requiring integrate (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Fetal growth restriction and small-for-gestational-age infant — case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/fetal-growth-restriction-and-small-for-gestational-age-infant) — Long case and communication station. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Follow-up after high-risk birth and NICU discharge — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/follow-up-after-high-risk-birth-and-nicu-discharge-growth-and-neurodevelopmental-surveillance) — OSCE station: counselling parents of a former extremely preterm infant at the two-year corrected-age visit about why follow-up must continue to school age despite a reassuring Bayl (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Gestational age assessment and preterm classification — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/gestational-age-assessment-and-preterm-classification) — OSCE station: explaining to parents how their baby's gestational age was determined, what the classification means, and why it shapes care and follow-up. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Hearing loss in high-risk neonates — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hearing-loss-in-high-risk-neonates) — Clinical case of an extremely preterm NICU graduate who refers on AABR screening and is found to have auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, illustrating the screening rationale, d (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Human milk, fortification and preterm nutrition](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/human-milk-fortification-and-preterm-nutrition) — Clinical case of a preterm infant with extrauterine growth restriction managed with intensified fortification. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hypoplastic left heart syndrome — antenatal planning structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/antenatally-diagnosed-fetal-conditions-paediatric-planning) — Structured encounter testing antenatal planning for a ductal-dependent cardiac lesion: place, time and capability of delivery, prostaglandin readiness, the staged surgical strategy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hypoxic-ischaemic-encephalopathy-and-therapeutic-hypothermia) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an encephalopathic term infant eligible for cooling: Sarnat staging, the cooling eligibility assessment, the 72-hour protocol, supporti (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/intraventricular-haemorrhage-and-periventricular-leukomalacia) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a preterm infant with a sudden deterioration from a large intraventricular haemorrhage: recognition, Papile grading, immediate manageme (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Large-for-gestational-age infant and infants of diabetic mothers — case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/large-for-gestational-age-infant-and-infants-of-diabetic-mothers) — Long case and communication station. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Late-preterm infant: risks and corrected-age follow-up — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/late-preterm-infant-risks-and-follow-up) — OSCE station: counselling parents of a 35-week late-preterm infant on why their baby is not yet ready for discharge, what the discharge criteria mean, and how follow-up will run in (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Maternal disease, medication and substance effects on the fetus — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/maternal-disease-medication-and-substance-effects-on-the-fetus) — Structured encounter testing pre-conception counselling of a woman on valproate for epilepsy who is planning pregnancy, covering medication switching, folic acid, surveillance and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Meconium aspiration syndrome — clinical reasoning case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/meconium-aspiration-syndrome) — Clinical reasoning case of a term infant with meconium aspiration syndrome progressing to oxygen-refractory hypoxaemia with PPHN and pneumothorax, testing the escalation ladder and (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Theory,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal acute kidney injury — case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-acute-kidney-injury) — Long case and communication station. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal anaemia, polycythaemia and thrombocytopenia: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-anaemia-polycythaemia-and-thrombocytopenia) — Clinical case of an infant of a diabetic mother presenting with polycythaemia and hyperviscosity symptoms, covering diagnosis, the partial exchange transfusion controversy, and fam (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal bacterial infection and sepsis: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-bacterial-infection-and-sepsis-risk-assessment-and-management) — Clinical case of a preterm infant with late-onset sepsis from a coagulase-negative staphylococcus line infection, covering recognition, investigation, management, and antibiotic st (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal cyanosis and collapsed neonate — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-cyanosis-and-collapsed-neonate) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a day-3 term infant with sudden central cyanosis: recognition, the pre-/post-ductal and hyperoxia assessment, the time-critical use of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal fluid, electrolyte and nutritional management — case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-fluid-electrolyte-and-nutritional-management) — Long case and communication station. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal gastro-oesophageal reflux and aspiration — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-gastro-oesophageal-reflux-and-aspiration) — Clinical case of a thriving preterm infant with posseting and feed-related desaturations, illustrating the conservative-first management, restraint with acid suppression, and the d (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal hypoglycaemia — case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-hypoglycaemia) — Long case and communication station. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal hypotonia and neuromuscular weakness — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-hypotonia-and-neuromuscular-weakness) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a weak, areflexic, alert infant with spinal muscular atrophy: the central/peripheral split, the genetic confirmation, and the timing an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal jaundice: unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-jaundice-unconjugated-hyperbilirubinaemia) — Clinical case of a late-preterm exclusively breastfed infant who develops severe hyperbilirubinaemia requiring intensive phototherapy, covering risk assessment, investigation, mana (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal pain assessment and procedural comfort - structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-pain-assessment-and-procedural-comfort) — Structured encounter testing the approach to procedural comfort in a preterm infant undergoing repeated heel lances: the neuroscience, the validated assessment tool, the comfort la (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal palliative care and end-of-life decision-making — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-palliative-care-and-end-of-life-decision-making) — OSCE station: leading a neonatal palliative care and comfort-plan conversation with the parents of a newborn with a life-limiting condition, applying the best-interests balance, bu (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal respiratory distress — diagnostic approach — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-respiratory-distress-diagnostic-approach) — Structured encounter testing the diagnostic approach to a preterm infant with respiratory distress: recognition, CXR interpretation, the CPAP-first and surfactant decision, and exc (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal seizures and encephalopathy — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-seizures-and-encephalopathy) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an encephalopathic term infant with neonatal seizures: recognition, cooling eligibility, the antiseizure-medication ladder and the role (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal skin disorders and birthmarks — case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-skin-disorders-and-birthmarks) — Long case and communication station on a newborn with a segmental facial haemangioma and PHACE considerations. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal stroke and intracranial haemorrhage — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-stroke-and-intracranial-haemorrhage) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a term infant with focal seizures and a normal cranial ultrasound: recognition that PAIS requires MRI, supportive neuroprotection, and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Newborn examination — focused newborn check OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/newborn-examination-and-screening) — OSCE on performing a focused newborn examination, completing the universal screens, and escalating an abnormal finding while communicating with the parent. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [No-call cell-free DNA result in a higher-risk pregnancy — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/fetal-assessment-prenatal-screening-and-counselling) — Structured encounter testing non-directive counselling of a no-call cell-free DNA result, screen-versus-diagnosis reasoning, choice between repeat and diagnostic testing, and capab (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Parenteral nutrition in neonates — case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/parenteral-nutrition-in-neonates) — Long case and communication station. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Perinatal infection screening and prevention — case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/perinatal-infection-screening-and-prevention) — Long case and communication station. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/persistent-pulmonary-hypertension-of-the-newborn) — Clinical case of a term infant with meconium aspiration and persistent pulmonary hypertension, covering recognition and stepwise management. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Poor feeding and feeding intolerance in the neonate — case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/poor-feeding-and-feeding-intolerance-in-the-neonate) — Long case and communication station. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Posterior urethral valves — newborn management structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/antenatally-detected-kidney-and-urinary-tract-anomalies-newborn-management) — Structured encounter testing newborn management of a male infant with antenatally detected bilateral hydronephrosis, a thick-walled bladder and oligohydramnios: risk-stratification (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Preterm infant — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/preterm-infant-immediate-and-longitudinal-care) — OSCE station: counselling parents of a very preterm infant about the immediate NICU course and longitudinal follow-up plan. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Resuscitating a non-vigorous meconium infant — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-resuscitation-and-post-resuscitation-stabilisation) — OSCE on resuscitating a non-vigorous term infant born through thick meconium-stained liquor, testing the ventilation-first principle, the abandonment of routine suction, and the co (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Retinopathy of prematurity](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/retinopathy-of-prematurity) — Clinical case of an extremely preterm infant reaching the Type 1 ROP treatment threshold. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Routine care of the healthy newborn — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/routine-care-of-the-healthy-newborn) — Structured encounter testing golden hour care, vitamin K counselling, late-preterm risk assessment, feeding evaluation and discharge readiness for a first-time family. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Sudden deterioration in a ventilated preterm — tension pneumothorax](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-air-leak-syndromes) — OSCE on a ventilated preterm infant with an acute tension pneumothorax, testing the decompress-before-image principle, needle aspiration technique, definitive chest-drain choice, a (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [The cold preterm on admission — moderate hypothermia with hypoglycaemia](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-hypothermia-and-thermoregulation) — OSCE on a 28-week preterm infant who arrives in the neonatal unit at 35.0 C with a glucose of 1.6 mmol/L, testing the WHO classification, the four heat-loss pathways, the metabolic (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [The deteriorating preterm — suspected necrotising enterocolitis](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/necrotising-enterocolitis-and-spontaneous-intestinal-perforation) — OSCE on a preterm infant with established NEC, testing modified Bell staging, the medical bundle, the surgical trigger, the primary peritoneal drainage versus laparotomy decision, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [The opioid-exposed newborn with evolving withdrawal — methadone maintenance](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-abstinence-and-withdrawal-syndromes) — OSCE on a 36-week infant of a mother on a methadone maintenance programme who at 48 hours develops a high-pitched cry, tremor on handling and poor feeding, testing the neuroadaptiv (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [The preterm infant who stops weaning — a haemodynamically significant PDA](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/patent-ductus-arteriosus-in-preterm-infants) — OSCE on a ventilated preterm infant with a haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, testing the assessment of significance, the expectant-first management ladder, the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [The surgical newborn — bilious vomiting with a double-bubble](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/bilious-vomiting-and-neonatal-intestinal-obstruction) — OSCE on a term newborn with antenatal polyhydramnios and a double-bubble, testing recognition of bilious vomiting as obstruction, the immediate decompression and resuscitation path (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Transient tachypnoea of the newborn — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/transient-tachypnoea-of-the-newborn) — A clinical case of transient tachypnoea of the newborn in a late-preterm infant of a diabetic mother, illustrating diagnostic reasoning and supportive management. (exams=RACP DCE,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Transition at birth and delayed cord clamping — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/transition-at-birth-and-delayed-cord-clamping) — Structured encounter testing the preterm cord-management plan: deferral timing, the milking contraindication, thermoregulation, and intact-cord resuscitation for a 27-week infant. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Triaging and stabilising a neonatal transport request — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-transport-and-retrieval) — OSCE on taking a neonatal transport referral, triaging urgency, running the STABLE pretransport stabilisation, and deciding fitness to move, with a cooling-in-transport twist. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition - [Abdominal wall and umbilical disorders — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/abdominal-wall-and-umbilical-disorders) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a newborn delivered at a tertiary centre with bare bowel protruding beside a normal cord: the recognition of gastroschisis, the resusci (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute abdominal pain in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-abdominal-pain-in-children) — Clinical case of an adolescent girl with acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain and the gynaecological differential, working through the active exclusion of ovarian torsion, the (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute gastroenteritis and infectious diarrhoea — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-gastroenteritis-and-infectious-diarrhoea) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an 18-month-old with two days of watery diarrhoea and vomiting who is mildly-to-moderately dehydrated: the clinical grading of dehydrat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute liver failure: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-liver-failure) — Clinical case of a sixteen-year-old girl with an acetaminophen overdose presenting with acute liver failure, covering the resuscitation, empirical N-acetylcysteine, the dynamic tra (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute vomiting in infants and children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-vomiting-in-infants-and-children) — Clinical case of a toddler with acute vomiting and dehydration from gastroenteritis, working through clinical dehydration assessment, oral rehydration and the selective use of onda (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Appendicitis and surgical abdomen — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/appendicitis-and-surgical-abdomen) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a previously well nine-year-old with migratory right iliac fossa pain, anorexia and localised tenderness: the recognition of the migrat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Ascites and peritoneal disease: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/ascites-and-peritoneal-disease) — Clinical case of a three-month-old infant presenting with progressive abdominal distension and milky ascitic fluid, covering the diagnosis of congenital chylous ascites, its differ (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Bilious vomiting and intestinal obstruction — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/bilious-vomiting-and-intestinal-obstruction) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a term neonate with sudden bilious vomiting: the recognition of malrotation with midgut volvulus as the emergency to exclude, the resus (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Breastfeeding medicine and lactation support — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/breastfeeding-medicine-and-lactation-support) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a mother at three weeks postpartum with fever and a hot, tender breast: the recognition of the mastitis spectrum, the stepwise manageme (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic and recurrent abdominal pain: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/chronic-and-recurrent-abdominal-pain) — Clinical case of a nine-year-old with recurrent periumbilical pain and school avoidance, covering the alarm-feature approach, targeted investigation, a positive functional diagnosi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/chronic-liver-disease-cirrhosis-and-portal-hypertension) — Clinical case of a nine-year-old boy with biliary atresia and progressive portal hypertension who presents with splenomegaly, ascites, and digital clubbing, covering the assessment (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Coeliac disease — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/coeliac-disease) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a fourteen-year-old with iron-deficiency anaemia refractory to oral iron, short stature and a family history of coeliac disease: recogn (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Constipation and faecal incontinence: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/constipation-and-faecal-incontinence) — Clinical case of a six-year-old with chronic constipation and overflow soiling, covering the positive functional diagnosis, red-flag screening, and a disimpaction-then-maintenance (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Counsel parents of a neonate with suspected midgut volvulus — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/malrotation-and-volvulus) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: breaking the news to the frightened parents of a three-day-old neonate whose sudden bilious vomiting has led to an urgent upper gast (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Dysphagia and oesophageal disorders — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/dysphagia-and-oesophageal-disorders) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a teenager with a food bolus impaction, solid-food dysphagia and atopy: the recognition and diagnosis of eosinophilic oesophagitis with (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Enteral feeding tubes and home enteral nutrition — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/enteral-feeding-tubes-and-home-enteral-nutrition) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a four-year-old with severe cerebral palsy, an unsafe swallow and faltering growth referred for a gastrostomy: choosing the device, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Feeding assessment and paediatric dysphagia — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/feeding-assessment-and-paediatric-dysphagia) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a six-year-old with severe cerebral palsy, faltering growth and recurrent pneumonia whose bedside feed is cough-free: recognising silen (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Food protein-induced enterocolitis and enteropathy — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/food-protein-induced-enterocolitis-and-enteropathy) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an infant with a recurrent delayed, pallid vomiting collapse after a new food: recognising acute food protein-induced enterocolitis syn (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Formula feeding and complementary feeding — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/formula-feeding-and-complementary-feeding) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a six-month-old starting complementary foods and a young infant with iron deficiency anaemia from early whole cow's milk: taking a focu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/functional-abdominal-pain-and-irritable-bowel-syndrome) — Clinical case of an eleven-year-old with recurrent pain, altered bowel habit, and school avoidance, covering the Rome IV diagnosis of IBS, targeted investigation with faecal calpro (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Gastro-oesophageal reflux and reflux disease — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/gastro-oesophageal-reflux-and-reflux-disease) — Clinical case of a thriving unsettled formula-fed infant with posseting and back-arching, illustrating the conservative-first management ladder, exclusion of cow's milk protein all (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Gastrointestinal bleeding — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/gastrointestinal-bleeding) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a toddler with painless bright red rectal bleeding: the upper versus lower split, the recognition of a bleeding Meckel diverticulum, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hirschsprung disease — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hirschsprung-disease) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a term neonate with delayed passage of meconium and abdominal distension: the recognition of Hirschsprung disease, the suction rectal b (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Inflammatory bowel disease: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/inflammatory-bowel-disease) — Clinical case of a fourteen-year-old girl with bloody diarrhoea, fatigue, and weight loss who develops acute severe ulcerative colitis, covering the PUCAI-driven approach to diagno (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Intussusception — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/intussusception) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a previously well seven-month-old with rhythmic colicky screaming, vomiting and a sausage-shaped mass: the recognition of the telescopi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Liver transplantation in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/liver-transplantation-in-children) — Clinical case of an Epstein-Barr-virus-seronegative infant who developed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after living-donor liver transplantation for biliary atresia, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Malnutrition: nutritional rehabilitation and monitoring — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/malnutrition-nutritional-rehabilitation-and-monitoring) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a 16-month-old with severe acute malnutrition who refuses food: the anthropometric recognition of SAM, the complicated-versus-uncomplic (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Micronutrient deficiencies — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/micronutrient-deficiencies) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a two-year-old with pallor, pica, a microcytic anaemia and excessive cow's milk intake: recognising iron-deficiency anaemia, the confir (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-in-children) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an eleven-year-old overweight boy found on screening to have a mildly raised alanine aminotransferase: recognising the misleading labor (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Normal nutritional requirements across childhood: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/normal-nutritional-requirements-across-childhood) — Clinical case of a fifteen-year-old girl on a strict vegan diet who presents with fatigue and pallor, covering the nutritional assessment of an adolescent, the energy and micronutr (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Nutritional management of chronic disease — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/nutritional-management-of-chronic-disease) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a four-month-old cardiac infant with a large ventricular septal defect, tachypnoea and failure to thrive: recognising the increased-dem (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oesophagitis, caustic ingestion and oesophageal injury — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/oesophagitis-caustic-ingestion-and-oesophageal-injury) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an 18-month-old with a suspected oesophageal button battery: recognition and the two-hour rule, the radiological signs, honey mitigatio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Paediatric feeding disorder: nutritional and gastrointestinal management — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paediatric-feeding-disorder-nutritional-and-gastrointestinal-management) — Structured encounter testing the nutritional and gastrointestinal management of a three-year-old with cerebral palsy whose food refusal, faltering growth and poorly controlled refl (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pancreatitis and pancreatic disorders — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pancreatitis-and-pancreatic-disorders) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an eight-year-old boy on valproate who presents with acute pancreatitis: recognising the drug trigger, applying the NASPGHAN two-of-thr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Parenteral nutrition and refeeding syndrome — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/parenteral-nutrition-and-refeeding-syndrome) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a malnourished adolescent with anorexia nervosa admitted for refeeding whose phosphate falls on day two: the definition and biochemistr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Peptic disease and Helicobacter pylori — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/peptic-disease-and-helicobacter-pylori) — OSCE counselling and clinical reasoning station for a child with confirmed H. pylori-associated peptic disease. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Persistent and chronic diarrhoea — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/persistent-and-chronic-diarrhoea) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a nine-year-old with chronic diarrhoea, a distended abdomen, iron-deficiency anaemia and faltering growth: recognising the organic red (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Polyps and inherited gastrointestinal cancer syndromes: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/polyps-and-inherited-gastrointestinal-cancer-syndromes) — Clinical case of a ten-year-old with cramping abdominal pain, anaemia, and characteristic lip and buccal pigmentation, covering the bedside recognition of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Short-bowel syndrome and intestinal failure — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/short-bowel-syndrome-and-intestinal-failure) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a premature neonate after necrotising enterocolitis with a high-output jejunostomy and rising conjugated bilirubin: the definition and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Viral, autoimmune and metabolic hepatitis — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/viral-autoimmune-and-metabolic-hepatitis) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a thirteen-year-old girl with fatigue, jaundice, amenorrhoea and arthralgia: recognising the insidious presentation of type 1 autoimmun (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) ### genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism - [Acute metabolic decompensation in propionic acidaemia — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/organic-acidaemias) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to parents what a new propionic acidaemia diagnosis means for their neonate who survived a high-anion-gap metaboli (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Acute metabolic decompensation: recognition and stabilisation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-metabolic-decompensation-recognition-and-stabilisation) — Clinical case mapping recognition and resuscitation of a neonatal hyperammonaemic crisis onto the 15-examiner-dimension framework. (exams=racp_advanced,racp_dce; updated=2026-07-13) - [Communicating a new congenital hyperinsulinism diagnosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hypoglycaemia-due-to-inherited-metabolic-disease) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to parents what a new congenital hyperinsulinism diagnosis means for their neonate who presented with hypoglycaemi (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Communicating a new glycogen storage disease type I diagnosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/glycogen-storage-and-carbohydrate-metabolism-disorders) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to parents what a new glycogen storage disease type Ia (von Gierke) diagnosis means for their infant who presented (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Communicating a new MCAD deficiency diagnosis after a metabolic crisis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/fatty-acid-oxidation-disorders) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to parents what a new medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency diagnosis means for their toddler who survive (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Communicating a new ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency diagnosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/urea-cycle-disorders-and-hyperammonaemia) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to parents what a new ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency diagnosis means for their neonate who survived a hyper (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Communicating a new Wilson disease diagnosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/disorders-of-metal-metabolism-wilson-and-menkes-disease) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to the parents of a 13-year-old boy what a new Wilson disease diagnosis means, why copper accumulated and caused t (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel a consanguineous couple on genetic risk to a future pregnancy — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/genetic-history-pedigree-construction-and-inheritance-patterns) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: counselling a consanguineous couple who lost a child to an undiagnosed autosomal recessive illness, framing consanguinity as (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel a family on a new fragile X diagnosis and cascade testing — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/fragile-x-syndrome) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to parents what a new fragile X syndrome diagnosis means for their three-year-old son, why a normal microarray did (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel a family on a new Prader-Willi diagnosis and the trajectory ahead — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/prader-willi-and-angelman-syndromes) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to parents what a new Prader-Willi syndrome diagnosis means for their hypotonic two-week-old neonate, why a normal (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel a family on a new Williams syndrome diagnosis and anaesthetic safety — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/williams-syndrome) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to parents what a new Williams syndrome diagnosis means for their eight-month-old daughter, why the heart and the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel a young woman with Marfan syndrome who wishes to conceive — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/marfan-syndrome-and-heritable-connective-tissue-disorders) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: counselling a young woman with Marfan syndrome and an aortic root of 4.4 cm who wishes to conceive, on the risk of pregnancy- (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel an adolescent and her family on a new Turner syndrome diagnosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/turner-syndrome) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to a 13-year-old girl and her parents what a new Turner syndrome diagnosis means, what the karyotype found, what t (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel new parents given a postnatal diagnosis of Down syndrome — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/down-syndrome) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: breaking the news of a postnatal Down syndrome diagnosis, explaining the genetic mechanism and the meaning of the karyotype, outlini (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel new parents given a postnatal diagnosis of Noonan syndrome — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/noonan-syndrome-and-rasopathies) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: breaking the news of a postnatal Noonan syndrome diagnosis, explaining the RAS/MAPK pathway and the meaning of the multigene panel r (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel parents after an abnormal newborn bloodspot screen for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/peroxisomal-disorders) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining an abnormal newborn bloodspot screen for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in plain language, conveying the difference (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel parents given a new diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/22q11-2-deletion-syndrome) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: breaking the news of a 22q11.2 deletion syndrome diagnosis confirmed after a neonatal cardiac presentation, explaining the multisyst (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel parents given a prenatal diagnosis of 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/klinefelter-syndrome-and-sex-chromosome-aneuploidy) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: counselling parents given a prenatal diagnosis of 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome on cell-free DNA screening confirmed by amniocentesis. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel parents given an abnormal newborn bloodspot screen for Krabbe disease — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/lysosomal-storage-disorders) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining an abnormal newborn bloodspot screen for a lysosomal storage disorder in plain language, conveying the difference (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel parents of a newborn with suspected syndromic craniosynostosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/syndromic-craniosynostosis-and-craniofacial-disorders) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: breaking the news of a probable syndromic craniosynostosis identified on the postnatal ward, explaining the genetic basis and the me (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counsel parents on a genomic test result, a secondary finding, and cascade testing — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/genomic-testing-variant-interpretation-and-counselling) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to parents what their son's trio exome result means, why the normal microarray did not detect it, what a likely pa (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Counselling a family after a new maple syrup urine disease diagnosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/amino-acid-disorders-including-phenylketonuria-and-msud) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to parents what a new maple syrup urine disease diagnosis means for their neonate who survived a ketoacidotic cris (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Dietary, cofactor and emergency management of metabolic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/dietary-cofactor-and-emergency-management-of-metabolic-disease) — Long case walking a child with an inherited metabolic disease through the dietary, cofactor, and emergency pillars onto the 15-examiner-dimension framework. (exams=racp_advanced,racp_dce; updated=2026-07-13) - [Discuss vosoritide therapy with the parents of a child with achondroplasia — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/skeletal-dysplasias) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining vosoritide therapy for achondroplasia in plain language, setting realistic expectations about growth, balancing th (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ethical issues in genomic diagnosis and cascade testing](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/ethical-issues-in-genomic-diagnosis-and-cascade-testing) — Long case mapping the ethics of diagnostic genomic testing, a variant of uncertain significance, secondary findings, and cascade testing onto the 15-examiner-dimension framework. (exams=racp_advanced,racp_dce; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain an abnormal newborn bloodspot screen for MPS I (Hurler) — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/mucopolysaccharidoses-and-oligosaccharidoses) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining an abnormal newborn bloodspot screen for mucopolysaccharidosis type I (Hurler) in plain language, conveying the di (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Explain the workup and the treatable-subset principle to the parents of a regressing child — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/inborn-errors-presenting-with-neurological-regression) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to frightened parents that their child's loss of milestones is neurological regression requiring a tiered metaboli (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Mitochondrial disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/mitochondrial-disease) — Long case mapping the recognition, tiered investigation, dual-genome counselling, and supportive multidisciplinary management of mitochondrial disease onto the 15-examiner-dimensio (exams=racp_advanced,racp_dce; updated=2026-07-13) - [Neurofibromatosis type 1 — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neurofibromatosis-type-1-and-type-2) — A clinical case of neurofibromatosis type 1: a preschool child with multiple cafe-au-lait macules and freckling presenting with a painful enlarging leg lump, illustrating the diagn (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Normal microarray and developmental delay — genomic testing strategy OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/chromosomal-microarray-exome-and-genome-sequencing) — OSCE on counselling a family through a normal chromosomal microarray, justifying escalation to whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing, consent for the variant of uncertain signific (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Tuberous sclerosis complex — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/tuberous-sclerosis-complex) — A clinical case of tuberous sclerosis complex: a seven-month-old boy presenting with infantile spasms and hypomelanotic macules, illustrating the diagnostic criteria, the immediate (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Unusual face and developmental delay — dysmorphology examination OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/dysmorphology-examination-and-syndrome-recognition) — OSCE on a structured dysmorphology examination plan, anomaly classification, tiered testing and family communication. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-13) - [Usher syndrome — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/genetic-deafness-and-blindness-syndromes) — A clinical case of Usher syndrome type I: a five-year-old girl with congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss managed with cochlear implantation who now presents with night bl (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Variant of uncertain significance on prenatal microarray — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/prenatal-diagnosis-and-reproductive-genetics) — Structured encounter testing non-directive counselling of a variant of uncertain significance on prenatal microarray, parental testing strategy, phenotype correlation, and honest u (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) ### growth-development-and-behaviour - [AAC counselling — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/augmentative-communication-assistive-technology-and-adaptive-equipment) — OSCE on early AAC counselling, myth-busting, feature-match planning and partner training for a child with complex communication needs. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder) — OSCE station: ADHD assessment counselling and shared decision-making for multimodal care. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Autism spectrum disorder — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/autism-spectrum-disorder) — OSCE counselling station after suspected autism spectrum disorder assessment. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Behavioural assessment OSCE — function formulation and family counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/behavioural-assessment-and-functional-analysis) — OSCE on multi-setting behavioural assessment, function hypothesis, PBS/FCT counselling and medication thresholds. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Cerebral palsy surveillance OSCE — clinic visit and family counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cerebral-palsy-surveillance-and-multidisciplinary-management) — OSCE on GMFCS IV surveillance visit: domain checklist, hip counselling, tone goals and closed-loop plan. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Confirmed bilateral hearing loss — counselling OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hearing-impairment-and-development) — OSCE on counselling after diagnostic confirmation of permanent bilateral hearing loss and early intervention planning. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [DCD OSCE — assessment counselling and school plan](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/developmental-coordination-disorder) — OSCE on suspected DCD: history and exam priorities, red-flag screen, counselling, task-oriented plan and school adaptations. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Defiance management OSCE — parent counselling and behaviour plan](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/behavioural-management-of-defiance-and-oppositional-behaviours) — OSCE on multi-informant formulation, parent training counselling, school plan and medication boundaries for oppositional behaviour. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental delay: global diagnostic approach — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/developmental-delay-global-diagnostic-approach) — OSCE counselling and management station for global developmental delay. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Disability-aware acute care — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/children-with-developmental-disability-in-acute-care) — OSCE on caregiver partnership, reasonable adjustments, pain assessment and anti-overshadowing in ED. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Explain school refusal plan and possible SSRI to parents — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/school-refusal-and-school-attendance-problems) — OSCE communication station: school refusal psychoeducation, functional return plan, CBT, SSRI monitoring, collaborative non-blaming family framing. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Family-centred goal setting — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/family-centred-developmental-care-and-goal-setting) — OSCE on co-producing developmental goals with F-words language and fewer SMART targets. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Feeding problems OSCE — selective eating counselling and ARFID/PFD plan](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/feeding-problems-food-refusal-and-selective-eating) — Observed structured encounter testing history, growth interpretation, caregiver counselling to stop force-feeding, and multidisciplinary planning for selective eating with ARFID/PF (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Floppy infant OSCE — localisation, safety and family counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/motor-delay-hypotonia-and-the-floppy-infant) — OSCE on floppy infant assessment: bedside localisation, red-flag recognition, urgent pathway and closed-loop counselling. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [GMs and HINE counselling — OSCE station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/general-movements-assessment-and-hammersmith-infant-neurological-examination) — OSCE on explaining GMs and HINE findings and acting on high-probability CP risk. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [High-probability CP counselling — OSCE station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cerebral-palsy-early-recognition-and-classification) — OSCE on early CP recognition, classification language and family counselling. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Intellectual developmental disorder OSCE — diagnosis counselling and care planning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/intellectual-developmental-disorder) — OSCE on explaining IDD criteria, opening supports, outlining aetiological evaluation and safety-netting. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Late walker and non-crawler counselling — development OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/normal-motor-development-and-developmental-variation) — OSCE on counselling WHO motor windows, healthy variation and when to recheck or escalate. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Lost words at 20 months — regression OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/developmental-regression-urgent-diagnostic-approach) — OSCE on history, threat triage, counselling and urgent plan for developmental regression. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Neurodiversity-affirming care — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neurodiversity-affirming-developmental-care) — OSCE on affirming language, environment fit and co-producing school adjustments without abandoning medical vigilance. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Night wetting and soiling — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/toilet-training-and-elimination-behaviour) — OSCE on non-punitive assessment and counselling for enuresis with constipation-related soiling. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal growth from fetal life through adolescence — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/normal-growth-from-fetal-life-through-adolescence) — OSCE skills and counselling station on growth measurement interpretation and parent explanation. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [School supports for a child with disability — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/children-with-disability-in-school-and-community-settings) — OSCE on functional school planning, letter content and emergency preparedness with family. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Sensory differences counselling — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/sensory-processing-differences) — OSCE on validating sensory concerns, excluding mimics, environmental plans and honest therapy evidence. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Specific learning disorders OSCE — evaluation and family counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/specific-learning-disorders) — OSCE on school-age academic underachievement: history, sensory exclusion, SLD counselling, rejection of vision therapy as primary treatment, and school–health plan. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Speech and language delay OSCE — assessment and counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/speech-and-language-delay) — OSCE on toddler speech-language concern: history, observation, hearing pathway, counselling and closed-loop referral. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Starting early intervention before the label — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/early-intervention-and-developmental-care-planning) — OSCE on counselling parallel early intervention referral, family goals and waitlist safety-netting without cure promises. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Tantrums and aggression OSCE — assessment, parenting counsel and safety](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/temper-tantrums-aggression-and-emotional-dysregulation) — OSCE on preschool multi-setting tantrums/aggression: structured history, ABC function, positive parenting without corporal punishment, safety planning and closed-loop referral. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toddler language concern — normal communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/normal-language-communication-and-social-development) — OSCE on normal language/social milestone assessment, red flags and counselling. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toddler meltdowns and school-readiness worry — development OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/normal-cognitive-emotional-and-behavioural-development) — OSCE on counselling normal cognitive-emotional development, temperament and escalation. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toddler social communication concern — autism recognition OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/social-communication-concerns-and-autism-recognition) — OSCE on autism red flags, screening limits, hearing check and referral counselling. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toddler speech concern — developmental assessment OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/developmental-assessment-history-examination-and-standardised-tools) — OSCE on developmental history, examination plan, tool choice and counselling. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Transition planning clinic — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adolescent-transition-for-neurodevelopmental-disability) — OSCE on counselling a family and young person about structured transition for neurodevelopmental disability. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Visual impairment and development — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/visual-impairment-and-development) — OSCE counselling and management station for childhood visual impairment. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) ### haematology-oncology-and-transfusion - [Anaemia: diagnostic approach — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/anaemia-diagnostic-approach) — OSCE reasoning and counselling station for the MCV-based approach to a confirmed paediatric anaemia. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Aplastic anaemia and bone-marrow failure: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/aplastic-anaemia-and-bone-marrow-failure) — Clinical case of a six-year-old boy with Fanconi anaemia presenting as severe aplastic anaemia, covering the Camitta criteria, the diepoxybutane chromosomal breakage test, the radi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Bleeding child: diagnostic approach: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/bleeding-child-diagnostic-approach) — Clinical case of a 4-year-old boy presenting with sudden petechiae and bruising after a viral illness, worked up for immune thrombocytopenia, covering the exclusion of leukaemia an (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Blood-component therapy in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/blood-component-therapy-in-children) — Clinical case of a preterm neonate and an older transfused child, covering the per-kilogram doses, the restrictive thresholds of the TOP and PlaNeT-2 MATISSE trials, the special pr (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Brain and spinal tumours: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/brain-and-spinal-tumours) — Clinical long case of a seven-year-old girl presenting with progressive early morning headache, vomiting, a new squint and ataxia from a posterior fossa medulloblastoma with obstru (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cancer therapy complications and supportive care: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cancer-therapy-complications-and-supportive-care) — Clinical case of a six-year-old boy with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia on day eight of a high emetogenic induction who presents with breakthrough chemotherapy-induced nausea (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Childhood cancer warning signs and diagnostic pathways: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/childhood-cancer-warning-signs-and-diagnostic-pathways) — Clinical long case of a four-year-old boy presenting with six weeks of progressive night leg pain attributed to growing pains and a firm thigh mass, covering the framing of the bon (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel an adolescent and family on a new diagnosis of osteosarcoma — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/bone-and-soft-tissue-sarcomas) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining a new diagnosis of a distal femoral osteosarcoma to a fourteen-year-old boy and his parents, addressing the diagno (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel the family of a newly diagnosed adolescent with von Willebrand disease — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/von-willebrand-disease) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a new diagnosis of type 1 von Willebrand disease to an adolescent girl and her parent, the meaning of von Willebrand fact (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel the family of a newly diagnosed child with haemophilia A — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/haemophilia-a-and-b) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a new diagnosis of severe haemophilia A to a parent, the meaning of factor VIII deficiency and the X-linked inheritance, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/disseminated-intravascular-coagulation) — Clinical case of a child with sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation presenting with purpura fulminans, covering the ISTH overt-disseminated intravascular coagulatio (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain a new diagnosis of catheter-related thrombosis and anticoagulation to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/venous-thromboembolism-pulmonary-embolism-and-thrombophilia-in-children) — OSCE communication station: explaining a new diagnosis of central-venous-catheter-related deep vein thrombosis to the parent of a child with leukaemia, the meaning of a provoked cl (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain hereditary spherocytosis and the splenectomy decision to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hereditary-spherocytosis-and-membrane-disorders) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis to a parent, the role of folic acid, the meaning of the spherocytes and the spl (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Febrile neutropenia and infection in oncology: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/febrile-neutropenia-and-infection-in-oncology) — Clinical long case of a child presenting with febrile neutropenia complicating induction chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, covering the definition and the first-hour (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Full blood count and blood-film interpretation in children — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/full-blood-count-and-blood-film-interpretation-in-children) — Structured encounter testing the interpretation of a paediatric full blood count: a printout that must be read against age-specific ranges, the physiological anaemia of infancy, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [G6PD deficiency and enzymopathies: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/g6pd-deficiency-and-enzymopathies) — Clinical case of a school-age boy of Mediterranean ancestry who presents with an acute haemolytic crisis after eating fava beans, covering the recognition of oxidative haemolysis, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Germ-cell tumours: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/germ-cell-tumours) — Clinical long case of a fifteen-year-old girl presenting with abdominal pain and a large pelvic mass from a stage three ovarian yolk sac tumour with a markedly raised alpha-fetopro (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/haematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation) — Clinical long case of a six-year-old boy with relapsed B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia undergoing an allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplant, covering the don (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Haemolytic anaemia: diagnostic approach: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/haemolytic-anaemia-diagnostic-approach) — Clinical case of an 8-year-old boy presenting with chronic intermittent jaundice and splenomegaly, worked up for hereditary spherocytosis, covering the confirmatory testing pathway (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Iron deficiency anaemia — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/iron-deficiency-anaemia) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for the parents of a 20-month-old boy newly diagnosed with iron deficiency anaemia from excessive cow's milk intake, covering the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Leukaemia in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/leukaemia-in-children) — Clinical long case of a four-year-old boy presenting with pallor, bruising and fever and a trilineage cytopenia with circulating lymphoblasts, covering the recognition of the emerg (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Long-term follow-up and late effects of childhood cancer: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/long-term-follow-up-and-late-effects-of-childhood-cancer) — Clinical long case of a twenty-two-year-old woman presenting to the survivorship clinic fifteen years after the treatment of a childhood Hodgkin lymphoma with a cumulative anthracy (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Lymphoma in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/lymphoma-in-children) — Clinical long case of a fifteen-year-old boy presenting with a painless enlarging supraclavicular node, B symptoms and a large anterior mediastinal mass, covering the airway-protec (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Megaloblastic and macrocytic anaemia: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/megaloblastic-and-macrocytic-anaemia) — Clinical case of an infant with vitamin B12 deficiency presenting with pallor, developmental regression, and a tremor, covering the metabolite interpretation that separates B12 fro (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neuroblastoma: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neuroblastoma) — Clinical long case of a two-year-old girl presenting with a firm abdominal mass crossing the midline, irritability and periorbital bruising, covering the urinary catecholamine conf (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neutropenia and neutrophil disorders: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neutropenia-and-neutrophil-disorders) — Clinical long case of an infant presenting with recurrent mouth ulcers and skin infections in whom severe congenital neutropenia is diagnosed, covering the recognition of a congeni (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pancytopenia and marrow infiltration: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pancytopenia-and-marrow-infiltration) — Clinical long case of a four-year-old boy presenting with pallor, bruising and fever and a trilineage cytopenia with circulating blasts, covering the empty-versus-full marrow disti (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sickle cell acute complications: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/sickle-cell-acute-complications) — Clinical case of a four-year-old boy with HbSS sickle cell disease who develops acute chest syndrome on the second day of a pain-crisis admission, covering the diagnosis from the n (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sickle cell disease: diagnosis and health maintenance: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/sickle-cell-disease-diagnosis-and-health-maintenance) — Clinical case of a boy with sickle cell anaemia diagnosed on newborn screening, covering the FS pattern on high-performance liquid chromatography, the penicillin prophylaxis schedu (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Thalassaemia syndromes: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/thalassaemia-syndromes) — Clinical case of a boy with beta-thalassaemia major managed from infancy, covering the haemoglobin electrophoresis diagnosis, the regular transfusion programme with its exact targe (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/thrombocytopenia-and-immune-thrombocytopenia) — Clinical case of a boy with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia who presents with sudden bruising and petechiae after a viral illness, covering the diagnosis of isolated thromb (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Transfusion reactions and massive transfusion: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/transfusion-reactions-and-massive-transfusion) — Clinical case of an oncology child with an acute transfusion reaction and a separate trauma child needing the massive transfusion protocol, covering the stop-the-transfusion rule, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tumour lysis syndrome and oncologic emergencies: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/tumour-lysis-syndrome-and-oncologic-emergencies) — Clinical long case of a seven-year-old boy with a Burkitt lymphoma and a high tumour lysis risk, covering the risk assessment, the prophylaxis with the hyperhydration and the rasbu (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Wilms tumour and renal malignancies: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/wilms-tumour-and-renal-malignancies) — Clinical long case of a three-year-old girl presenting with a painless abdominal mass found at the bath time, with the hypertension, from a localised favourable-histology Wilms tum (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### infectious-diseases - ['It hurts at the line' — suspected central-line-associated bloodstream infection structured encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/device-associated-and-healthcare-associated-infection) — A bedside structured encounter testing recognition and surveillance definition of central-line-associated bloodstream infection, paired cultures and empiric therapy, the line-remov (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - ['They're not themselves' — paediatric sepsis structured encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paediatric-sepsis-diagnosis-antimicrobial-treatment-and-source-control) — A bedside structured encounter testing recognition and classification of paediatric sepsis, delivery of the first-hour bundle, fluid and vasoactive escalation with reassessment, so (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Animal bites, arthropod bites and zoonoses: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/animal-bites-arthropod-bites-and-zoonoses) — Clinical case of a school-age girl with cat scratch disease presenting as subacute regional lymphadenopathy after a kitten scratch, covering the inoculation lymphoreticulosis pathw (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Approach to fever by age and immune status — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/approach-to-fever-by-age-and-immune-status) — OSCE counselling and clinical reasoning station for a febrile young infant and parental concern. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Cellulitis, abscess and necrotising soft-tissue infection: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cellulitis-abscess-and-necrotising-soft-tissue-infection) — Clinical case of a febrile toddler with periorbital swelling found to have orbital cellulitis from ethmoid sinusitis, covering the periorbital versus orbital distinction, imaging, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/covid-19-and-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children) — Clinical case of a school-age child presenting with persistent fever, abdominal pain, shock, and cardiac involvement three weeks after a household COVID-19 illness, covering recogn (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Dengue and other arboviral infections: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/dengue-and-other-arboviral-infections) — Clinical long case of a school-age returned traveller with dengue with warning signs progressing to compensated dengue shock, covering the WHO 2009 classification, the haematocrit- (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain a suspected brain abscess to a worried parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/brain-abscess-and-intracranial-suppuration) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the recognition of a suspected brain abscess to a parent, the imaging and surgery, the antibiotics and the recovery cours (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain PFAPA and the management plan to parents — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/prolonged-recurrent-and-periodic-fever) — OSCE communication station: explaining periodic fever and PFAPA to parents, the meaning of a rise-then-fall CRP, how to abort attacks with a single dose of steroid, the role of ton (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining a negative malaria film and the plan to repeat it — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/fever-in-the-returned-traveller) — Communication OSCE on explaining to a worried family why a single negative malaria blood film does not exclude malaria, why the film must be repeated, and what the safety-net plan (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining a positive antenatal syphilis screen — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-syphilis-and-perinatal-sexually-transmitted-infections) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a positive antenatal syphilis screen in pregnancy to a woman at 30 weeks gestation, covering what the diagnosis means, wh (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining a positive hepatitis B result and the household plan — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/international-adoption-immigration-and-refugee-infection-screening) — Communication OSCE on explaining to a newly arrived refugee family that their well-looking daughter's hepatitis B surface antigen test is positive, what chronic hepatitis B means, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining an HIV-exposed infant's diagnosis and feeding plan — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hiv-exposure-and-infection-in-children) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining the management of an HIV-exposed newborn to a mother newly diagnosed in pregnancy, covering why the baby's antibody test (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining congenital CMV, valganciclovir and hearing surveillance — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/epstein-barr-virus-and-cytomegalovirus-infection) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus to the parents of a 10-day-old baby, covering the nature of the infection, the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining fifth disease and protecting the pregnant contact — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/common-viral-exanthems-including-roseola-and-erythema-infectiosum) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease, parvovirus B19) in a well 6-year-old to a parent, covering the benign (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining hand-foot-and-mouth disease — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-and-enterovirus-infection) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in a toddler to a parent, covering the nature of the illness, the febrile and (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining invasive fungal disease and central-line removal — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/fungal-infections-in-immunocompetent-and-immunocompromised-children) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining an episode of candidaemia and central-line removal to the parents of a neutropenic oncology child, covering why the line (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining isolation and an outbreak response — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/infection-prevention-isolation-and-outbreak-management) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a norovirus gastroenteritis outbreak on a paediatric ward to a parent: why the bay is closed, why the family's visiting i (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining measles isolation and a pregnant contact — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/measles-rubella-and-congenital-rubella) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of measles in an unvaccinated 4-year-old to a parent, covering the nature of the illness, the airborne-isolat (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining measles isolation, prophylaxis and catch-up vaccination — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/vaccine-preventable-disease-outbreak-response) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on a suspected measles case in an unvaccinated school-age child: explaining the diagnosis, the airborne isolation and four-day exclusio (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining mumps, isolation and the MMR strategy — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/mumps) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of mumps in a 7-year-old to a parent, covering the nature of the illness and its complications, the five-day (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining neonatal HSV and the exposed-neonate pathway — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/herpes-simplex-infection-in-children) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a maternal genital HSV exposure at delivery to new parents, covering why their day-old baby needs assessment and surface (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining pertussis, isolation and prophylaxis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pertussis) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of pertussis in a 7-year-old to a parent, covering the nature of the illness, the five-day isolation and excl (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining the fever-after-travel rule and prophylaxis adherence — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/travel-medicine-and-pre-travel-advice-for-children) — Communication OSCE on explaining to a visiting-friends-and-relatives family why malaria prophylaxis must be taken as prescribed and continued after return, why the child still need (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining the hepatitis B exposed-neonate pathway — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hepatitis-a-b-c-and-e-in-children) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining to new parents why their day-old baby, born to an HBsAg-positive mother, needs the hepatitis B birth-dose vaccine and imm (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explaining varicella, exclusion and post-exposure prophylaxis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/varicella-and-herpes-zoster) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of varicella in a vaccinated child to a parent, covering the nature of breakthrough illness, the exclusion-un (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Infections in immunocompromised children — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/infections-in-immunocompromised-children) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for a newly diagnosed oncology child and parental counselling on the fever action plan. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Influenza and antiviral treatment: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/influenza-and-antiviral-treatment) — Clinical case of a 6-year-old boy with asthma who develops influenza and progresses to viral pneumonia and a biphasic secondary bacterial pneumonia, covering risk-stratified antivi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Malaria in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/malaria-in-children) — Clinical case of a febrile returned traveller found to have uncomplicated vivax malaria, covering the travel history, blood film and rapid diagnostic test interpretation, artemisin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Meningitis and encephalitis: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/meningitis-and-encephalitis) — Clinical case of a febrile infant with non-specific signs found to have group B streptococcal meningitis, covering recognition, CSF interpretation, neonatal empiric therapy, compli (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Parasitic infections in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/parasitic-infections-in-children) — Clinical case of a recently arrived refugee child with iron-deficiency anaemia and eosinophilia found to have hookworm and Strongyloides coinfection, covering the screening approac (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Prolonged fever in a returned traveller — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/enteric-fever-and-invasive-bacterial-enteritis) — OSCE on counselling a family through a suspected diagnosis of extensively drug-resistant enteric fever: blood culture before antibiotics, antibiotic stewardship, safety-netting for (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/staphylococcal-scalded-skin-syndrome) — Clinical case of a neonate in a postnatal ward who develops generalised desquamation from a staphylococcal conjunctival focus, covering the diagnosis of Ritter disease, the distinc (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [The antibiotic that won't stop — antimicrobial stewardship structured encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/antimicrobial-pharmacology-selection-dosing-and-stewardship-in-children) — A bedside structured encounter testing empiric antimicrobial selection, developmental dosing, therapeutic drug monitoring, de-escalation, IV-to-oral switch, penicillin allergy asse (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [The well-appearing child with a positive culture at 24 hours — structured encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/bacteraemia-and-occult-bloodstream-infection) — A structured clinical encounter testing the modern approach to bacteraemia and occult bloodstream infection: assessment and risk-stratification of a well-appearing febrile child, a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Tuberculosis in children — OSCE assessment and communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/tuberculosis-in-children) — Observed structured encounter testing classification of childhood tuberculosis on the exposure-infection-disease spectrum, symptom-and-contact assessment, chest radiograph and Xper (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Undifferentiated fever and fever without a source in infants and children — formative case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/undifferentiated-fever-and-fever-without-a-source-in-infants-and-children) — A MedVellum formative structured clinical encounter assessing the candidate's approach to a 40-day-old febrile infant without a localising source. Tests risk-stratification, invest (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/urinary-tract-infection-and-pyelonephritis) — Clinical case of a febrile young infant with vomiting and irritability found to have Escherichia coli pyelonephritis, covering urine sampling before antibiotics, urinalysis and cul (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Viral upper respiratory tract infection and the common cold — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/viral-upper-respiratory-tract-infection-and-the-common-cold) — Structured encounter testing the assessment and management of a child with an uncomplicated viral cold whose parents expect an antibiotic, and the recognition of an evolving compli (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### investigations-procedures-and-technology - [4 J per kg and resume — shockable arrest](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/defibrillation-cardioversion-and-transcutaneous-pacing) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of a shockable cardiac arrest rhythm, the decision to deliver an unsynchronised 4 joules per kilogram defibrillation sho (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [60 seconds, then the bone — intraosseous access](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/intraosseous-access) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of the 60 to 90 second rule for failed intravenous access in a shocked child, the decision to place an intraosseous need (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Acute abdominal imaging decision — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/abdominal-radiograph-and-acute-imaging-decisions) — OSCE procedural station: assess an 8-year-old child with suspected appendicitis, define the clinical question that the imaging must answer, choose the first-line modality, apply th (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Airway suction, oxygen devices and nebuliser technique: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/airway-suction-oxygen-devices-and-nebuliser-technique) — Clinical case of a bronchiolitic infant failing low-flow oxygen, covering gentle suction technique, oxygen device classification and escalation to high-flow nasal cannula, and the (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Artificial intelligence and clinical decision support in paediatrics — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/artificial-intelligence-and-clinical-decision-support-in-paediatrics) — OSCE clinical-reasoning and communication station in which the candidate works through three AI and decision-support scenarios with the ward team: a deterioration score that reads (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RACP General Paediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Aspirate a suspected septic hip in a child — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/joint-aspiration) — OSCE procedural station: assess a 3-year-old febrile child with a suspected septic hip, score the prediction rule, exclude the relative contraindications, and outline the ultrasoun (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Assess, clean, anaesthetise, close, dress — simple laceration repair](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/simple-laceration-repair-and-wound-management) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing the structured assessment of a frightened child with a clean facial laceration, the topical-first approach to analgesia with LET, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Bag-mask ventilation and basic airway adjuncts: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/bag-mask-ventilation-and-basic-airway-adjuncts) — Clinical case of an apnoeic, bradycardic post-ictal infant needing immediate airway and ventilation, covering airway opening, mask sizing, the slow squeeze, ventilation rate by con (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Central venous and arterial access in children — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/central-venous-and-arterial-access-in-children) — OSCE procedural-planning station for a child requiring central venous access, with a structured oral of site selection, ultrasound-guided Seldinger technique, and complication mana (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chest decompression in a ventilated neonate — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/chest-decompression-and-intercostal-drain-insertion) — OSCE procedural station: recognise tension pneumothorax in a ventilated premature neonate who suddenly deteriorates with rising airway pressures, run the differential of sudden det (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Choose and consent a genetic test after a normal microarray — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/genetic-and-metabolic-test-selection) — OSCE communication and decision-making station: escalate from a normal microarray to trio whole-exome sequencing in a 4-year-old with global developmental delay, take consent for t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Consent and prepare a child for a procedure — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/procedural-consent-preparation-and-child-life-support) — OSCE communication and procedural-readiness station: assess a 4-year-old for intravenous cannulation on the ward, take valid consent and assent, deliver the developmentally matched (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Counsel a parent about radiation risk and consent for a paediatric CT — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/radiation-protection-and-imaging-stewardship) — OSCE communication and decision-making station: apply the principles of radiation protection to a child referred for a CT, justify or substitute the request, counsel the anxious pa (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Decide on neuroimaging after a paediatric head injury — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neuroimaging-selection-and-radiation-aware-practice) — OSCE communication and decision-making station: apply the PECARN head injury prediction rule to a 3-year-old after a fall, decide on imaging, counsel the parent about the radiation (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Drain a paediatric skin abscess — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/abscess-drainage-and-minor-procedures) — OSCE procedural station: assess a 6-year-old with a cutaneous abscess, perform the structured pre-drainage safety check including the red flags of necrotising fasciitis, calculate (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Failing airway, failing oxygen — paediatric intubation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/endotracheal-intubation-and-emergency-airway-equipment) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing recognition of the indication for a definitive airway in a child with bacterial tracheitis, the age-based tube and blade selection, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Five steps to the diagnosis — blood gas interpretation in a sick child](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/blood-gas-electrolyte-and-acid-base-interpretation) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing the five-step systematic blood gas method, the choice between arterial, venous and capillary samples, Winter's formula for compensat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Gastrostomy, tracheostomy and central-line troubleshooting — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/gastrostomy-tracheostomy-and-central-line-troubleshooting) — OSCE emergency-management station for a technology-dependent child with a tracheostomy that cannot be suctioned, covering the National Tracheostomy Safety Project algorithm, tract- (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RACP General Paediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Interpret a paediatric chest radiograph — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/chest-radiograph-interpretation-in-children) — OSCE radiology interpretation station: assess the technical quality of a child's chest radiograph, apply the ABCDEFGH systematic approach, recognise the normal paediatric thymus, a (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Interpret a paediatric ECG — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/electrocardiogram-acquisition-and-interpretation-in-children) — OSCE investigation-interpretation station: interpret a 12-lead ECG of a 14-year-old girl with exertional and emotional syncope, apply the systematic age-referenced read, recognise (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Interpret a paediatric echocardiogram report — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/echocardiography-fundamentals-for-general-paediatricians) — OSCE investigation-interpretation station: interpret a paediatric echocardiogram report of a six-year-old boy with a bicuspid aortic valve, apply the systematic read, calculate the (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Interpret a referred newborn hearing screen — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/audiology-and-hearing-test-interpretation) — OSCE investigation-interpretation and counselling station: a 5-week-old infant referred on the newborn hearing screen. Interpret the diagnostic audiogram, tympanogram, otoacoustic (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Medical devices, digital health and remote monitoring — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/medical-devices-digital-health-and-remote-monitoring) — OSCE communication-and-shared-decision station in which the candidate counsels a family on the validity, equity pitfalls and deployment of three digital-health devices: a parent's (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RACP General Paediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Paediatric venepuncture and peripheral intravenous access — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paediatric-venepuncture-and-peripheral-intravenous-access) — OSCE assessment and procedural-planning station for a dehydrated toddler requiring peripheral intravenous access, with a structured oral of site and gauge selection, the comfort bu (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-17) - [Perform a bedside point-of-care lung ultrasound — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paediatric-ultrasound-and-point-of-care-ultrasound) — OSCE procedural station: perform a bedside point-of-care lung ultrasound on a febrile, tachypnoeic infant to distinguish community-acquired pneumonia from bronchiolitis. Covers pro (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Perform a lumbar puncture on an infant — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/lumbar-puncture-in-infants-and-children) — OSCE procedural station: assess a 4-month-old febrile infant for a diagnostic lumbar puncture, perform the pre-LP safety check, position the child, choose the needle, and outline t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Perform procedural sedation for a fracture reduction — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/safe-paediatric-procedural-sedation) — OSCE procedural station: assess a 5-year-old before procedural sedation for an urgent forearm fracture reduction, perform the pre-sedation safety check, choose and dose the agent, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Place the right line at the right depth — umbilical venous and arterial catheterisation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/umbilical-venous-and-arterial-catheterisation) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing safe umbilical catheterisation in a sick preterm infant — the vessel anatomy and courses, the Shukla birth-weight depth formula with (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Plan a comfort bundle for an infant cannulation — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/procedural-pain-topical-anaesthesia-preparation-distraction-and-non-pharmacological-support) — OSCE communication and planning station: assess a 6-month-old infant before a venepuncture and cannulation, choose and time the topical anaesthetic, plan the multi-modal comfort bu (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Suprapubic aspiration and urinary catheterisation: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/suprapubic-aspiration-and-urinary-catheterisation) — Clinical case of a 5-month-old febrile infant who undergoes a suprapubic aspiration with the point-of-care ultrasound guidance, covering the choice of the collection method, the la (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Three acts, one pathway — developmental assessment in clinic](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/developmental-cognitive-and-behavioural-assessment-tools) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing the principle that surveillance, screening and diagnostic assessment are three different acts, the correct choice of tool for a todd (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Three tests at the bedside — point-of-care glucose, ketone and urinalysis in a sick child](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/point-of-care-glucose-ketone-and-urinalysis-testing) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing the performance and interpretation of the three core paediatric point-of-care tests. The candidate must defend the capillary glucose (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Two samples, one site — bone marrow aspiration and biopsy](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/bone-marrow-aspiration-and-biopsy-principles) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing the principle that aspirate and trephine are complementary samples taken at one sitting at the posterior superior iliac spine, the h (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Verify a nasogastric tube before a feed — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/nasogastric-tube-insertion-and-verification) — OSCE clinical-decision and communication station: verifying a nasogastric tube at the bedside before a feed, applying the aspirate pH rule at a threshold of 5.5 or less, recognisin (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic - [Acute behavioural disturbance and agitation — OSCE communication and management station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-behavioural-disturbance-and-agitation) — Observed structured encounter testing environmental safety, verbal de-escalation as first-line treatment, the least-restrictive ladder, organic-cause exclusion, restraint minimisat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Attachment disorders and relational trauma — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/attachment-disorders-and-relational-trauma) — OSCE communication-and-counselling station assessing a four-year-old placed in foster care six weeks ago after chronic neglect, who will not seek comfort from his carer yet wanders (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,MRCPCH Theory,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder OSCE — boundary, safety and evidence-based care](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/avoidant-restrictive-food-intake-disorder) — Observed structured encounter testing an ARFID consultation: holding the boundary with anorexia nervosa, assessing medical and refeeding safety, classifying the driver pattern, and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Child and adolescent suicide and self-harm assessment — OSCE communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/child-and-adolescent-suicide-and-self-harm-assessment) — Observed structured encounter testing direct questioning, structured risk stratification, co-built safety planning, means restriction counselling and a lawful, ethical override. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Children of parents with mental illness or substance use — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/children-of-parents-with-mental-illness-or-substance-use) — OSCE communication-and-counselling station assessing an eight-year-old whose mother has treatment-resistant depression, who has begun a hidden young-carer role and is missing schoo (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,MRCPCH Theory,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Chronic fatigue and post-viral fatigue syndromes OSCE — validation, energy management and school reintegration](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/chronic-fatigue-and-post-viral-fatigue-syndromes) — Observed structured encounter testing a validating, function-first chronic-fatigue consultation: biopsychosocial assessment, recognising post-exertional malaise, excluding mimics o (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Emergency mental-health assessment and disposition — OSCE risk-assessment and disposition station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/emergency-mental-health-assessment-and-disposition) — Observed structured encounter testing the rapid safety and medical screen, structured suicide-risk assessment with a validated tool, risk stratification, matching the level of care (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain a first episode of psychosis to a young person and family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/early-onset-psychosis-and-mania) — OSCE communication station: explaining a first episode of psychosis as a treatable medical illness, the duration-of-untreated-psychosis rationale for prompt specialist referral, fi (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain adolescent cannabis use disorder and the cannabis-psychosis question to parents — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/substance-intoxication-withdrawal-and-use-disorders-in-youth) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a clinical, criteria-based diagnosis of cannabis use disorder, the role of screening, motivational interviewing and struc (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain adolescent depression and the fluoxetine decision to parents — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/depressive-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a criteria-based diagnosis of adolescent depression, suicide-risk assessment and safety planning, the role of CBT and flu (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain childhood anxiety and the stepped-care plan to parents — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/anxiety-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents) — OSCE communication station: anxiety psychoeducation, the worry cycle, multi-informant assessment, exposure-based CBT, when an SSRI such as sertraline is considered, and activation (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain conduct disorder and the parenting-first plan to a frightened parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/conduct-disorder-and-antisocial-behaviour) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the rights-violation definition of conduct disorder, the developmental trajectory in honest but hopeful terms, the safety (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain disruptive mood dysregulation disorder to parents — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a criteria-based diagnosis of DMDD, ruling out bipolar, the behaviour-therapy-first plan with parent training and child C (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain paediatric delirium and the ABCDEF plan to parents — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/delirium-in-children-and-adolescents) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the diagnosis of paediatric delirium in a post-cardiac surgery child, the cause-first approach, the ABCDEF prevention bun (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Explain the collaborative-care plan and the CAMHS partnership to a family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/collaborative-care-with-child-and-adolescent-mental-health-services) — OSCE communication station: explaining collaborative care, the stepped plan, shared medication management, consent and information-sharing, the care coordinator role, and the acute (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Family assessment and family interventions — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/family-assessment-and-family-interventions) — OSCE communication-and-counselling station assessing a single mother whose 8-year-old son with ADHD has escalating aggression despite an optimised stimulant — testing systematic fa (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,MRCPCH Theory,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Functional neurological symptoms — OSCE: diagnosis conversation and coordinated plan](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/functional-neurological-symptoms-in-children) — OSCE on a young person with a positive diagnosis of motor FND: validating diagnosis conversation, avoidance of the investigation cascade, and delivery of a single coordinated multi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Grief, bereavement and adjustment disorder in children — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/grief-bereavement-and-adjustment-disorder-in-children) — OSCE communication-and-counselling station assessing a nine-year-old fourteen months after his mother's sudden death, with persistent longing, avoidance of reminders, identity disr (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,MRCPCH Theory,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-in-children) — OSCE station: OCD assessment counselling and shared decision-making for stepped CBT-with-ERP care. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Paediatric mental state examination OSCE — observing, interviewing alone, and a same-visit safety assessment](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/mental-state-examination-in-children-and-adolescents) — Observed structured encounter testing observation of the domains, securing time alone with an adolescent, integrating a brief screen, and delivering a same-visit response to a posi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Pica and rumination disorder OSCE — harm gate, discriminator and behavioural plan](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pica-and-rumination-disorder) — Observed structured encounter testing a pica and rumination disorder consultation: running the harm gate before the label, distinguishing the behaviours from developmental mouthing (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma responses — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-and-trauma-responses) — OSCE communication-and-counselling station assessing a seven-year-old child six weeks after a serious motor-vehicle crash with persistent intrusion, avoidance, sleep disturbance an (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,MRCPCH Theory,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Psychological impact of chronic illness and disability OSCE — assessment, stepped plan and safeguarding](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/psychological-impact-of-chronic-illness-and-disability) — Observed structured encounter testing a biopsychosocial, resilience-oriented assessment of the psychological impact of a chronic illness: biopsychosocial history and screening, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Psychopharmacology and psychotropic medicines in children and adolescents — OSCE communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/psychopharmacology-and-psychotropic-medicines-in-children-and-adolescents) — Observed structured encounter testing shared decision-making to start an SSRI in an adolescent with depression, including counselling on the suicidality warning, expected timeline, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Selective mutism — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/selective-mutism) — OSCE station: selective mutism assessment counselling and shared decision-making for behavioural-intervention-first care with the school. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-12) - [Somatic symptom and related disorders OSCE — validation, function-first plan and safeguarding](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders) — Observed structured encounter testing a validating, function-first somatic-symptom consultation: biopsychosocial assessment, single red-flag screen, the symptom-amplification refra (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes - [Acid-base disorders in children — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acid-base-disorders-in-children) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for the parents of a child newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes presenting in diabetic ketoacidosis, covering the blood gas interp (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute kidney injury: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-kidney-injury) — Clinical case of a nine-year-old boy with septic shock and acute kidney injury, covering the KDIGO staging, the staged emergency management of hyperkalaemia, the assessment of volu (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute nephritic syndrome and glomerulonephritis — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-nephritic-syndrome-and-glomerulonephritis) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a six-year-old with classic post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: confirmation of the glomerular source, interpretation of the low C3 (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Antenatal hydronephrosis and postnatal evaluation: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/antenatal-hydronephrosis-and-postnatal-evaluation) — Clinical case of an infant with the increased-risk UTD A2-3 antenatal hydronephrosis from a ureteropelvic junction obstruction, covering the antenatal detection, the correctly time (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Calcium, magnesium and phosphate disorders — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/calcium-magnesium-and-phosphate-disorders) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for the family of a child newly diagnosed with X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets presenting with short stature, leg bowing and a (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic kidney disease and progression: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/chronic-kidney-disease-and-progression) — Clinical long case of a seven-year-old boy with posterior urethral valves and progressive chronic kidney disease, covering KDIGO staging with the Schwartz estimate, the nephroprote (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-anomalies-of-the-kidney-and-urinary-tract) — Clinical case of an infant with a unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney and contralateral vesicoureteral reflux, covering the antenatal detection, the postnatal investigation pa (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Dehydration and oral or intravenous rehydration: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/dehydration-and-oral-or-intravenous-rehydration) — Clinical case of a 16-month-old with severe hypernatraemic dehydration from acute gastroenteritis, covering the clinical dehydration scale, the decision between oral and intravenou (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Fluid maintenance and deficit replacement — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/fluid-maintenance-and-deficit-replacement) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for the parents of a child admitted with dehydration, explaining the fluid prescription, why the bag has changed from a clear hypo (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Haematuria: diagnostic approach — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/haematuria-diagnostic-approach) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a school-age child with cola-coloured urine two weeks after a sore throat: the glomerular versus non-glomerular fork, the recognition o (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Haemolytic uraemic syndrome: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/haemolytic-uraemic-syndrome) — Clinical case of a three-year-old with STEC-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome following bloody diarrhoea, covering the diagnostic triad, the distinction from DIC and TTP using (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hypokalaemia-and-hyperkalaemia) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for the parents of a child newly diagnosed with Gitelman syndrome presenting with hypokalaemia, tetany and hypomagnesaemia, coveri (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hyponatraemia-and-hypernatraemia) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for the family of a child with diabetes insipidus and hypernatraemia, covering the diagnosis, the role of desmopressin, the import (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hypospadias, cryptorchidism and common male genital disorders: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hypospadias-cryptorchidism-and-common-male-genital-disorders) — Clinical case of a boy with a left palpable undescended testis and a distal hypospadias, covering the clinical assessment, the no-circumcision rule, the disorder-of-sex-development (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis nephritis: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/iga-nephropathy-and-iga-vasculitis-nephritis) — Clinical long case of a teenager with synpharyngitic macroscopic haematuria and biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy, covering the distinction from post-infectious glomerulonephritis by t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Inherited tubulopathies: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/inherited-tubulopathies) — Clinical long case of an infant with nephropathic cystinosis presenting as Fanconi syndrome with failure to thrive, polyuria, hypophosphataemic rickets and glycosuria, covering the (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Kidney replacement therapy and dialysis in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/kidney-replacement-therapy-and-dialysis-in-children) — Clinical case of a post-cardiac surgery child who develops severe acute kidney injury needing continuous renal replacement therapy, covering the AEIOU indications, the rationale fo (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Kidney transplantation in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/kidney-transplantation-in-children) — Clinical case of an eight-year-old girl with end-stage kidney disease from renal hypodysplasia who receives a preemptive living-donor kidney transplant from her father, covering th (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Lupus nephritis and systemic disease: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/lupus-nephritis-and-systemic-disease) — Clinical case of a 13-year-old girl with proliferative Class IV lupus nephritis presenting with oedema, active urinary sediment, low complement, and positive anti-dsDNA, covering t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/nephrolithiasis-and-nephrocalcinosis) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for the parents of an adolescent newly diagnosed with recurrent calcium oxalate stones and hypercalciuria, covering the diagnosis, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Neurogenic bladder and dysfunctional voiding: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neurogenic-bladder-and-dysfunctional-voiding) — Clinical case of an infant with a neurogenic bladder from myelomeningocele whose urodynamics show a hostile high-pressure bladder, covering the proactive management with clean inte (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Nocturnal enuresis — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/nocturnal-enuresis) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a 7-year-old with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: the definition and classification, the voiding diary and urinalysis, the choice b (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oedema and nephrotic syndrome — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/oedema-and-nephrotic-syndrome) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a four-year-old presenting with new periorbital and ankle oedema and heavy proteinuria: the KDIGO 2021 confirmation, the assumption of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oliguria, anuria and urinary obstruction: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/oliguria-anuria-and-urinary-obstruction) — Clinical case of a male infant with posterior urethral valves presenting with anuria and a palpable bladder, covering the urine output definition of anuria, the emergency catheter (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Paediatric kidney assessment OSCE — febrile infant, bag culture and residual-risk counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/urinalysis-renal-function-and-paediatric-kidney-assessment) — Observed structured encounter testing urine collection method choice, dipstick and microscopy interpretation, reliable-sample confirmation, and family counselling after an equivoca (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Polycystic kidney disease and inherited nephropathies: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/polycystic-kidney-disease-and-inherited-nephropathies) — Clinical long case of a neonate with the perinatal form of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease from a homozygous PKHD1 mutation, covering the neonatal management of respi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Polyuria and polydipsia — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/polyuria-and-polydipsia) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for the parents of a 4-month-old boy newly diagnosed with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, covering the diagnosis, the i (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Post-infectious glomerulonephritis: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/post-infectious-glomerulonephritis) — Clinical case of a six-year-old with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis two weeks after a sore throat, covering the acute nephritic presentation, the low C3 with normal C4 recov (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Posterior urethral valves: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/posterior-urethral-valves) — Clinical case of a late-presenting boy with posterior urethral valves, covering the recurrent urinary tract infection and poor stream, the MCUG diagnosis, the endoscopic valve abla (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Proteinuria: diagnostic approach — case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/proteinuria-diagnostic-approach) — A clinical reasoning case on a 14-year-old girl found to have proteinuria at a school sports screen, applying the repeat first-morning confirmation discipline, the quantification w (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Renal tubular acidosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/renal-tubular-acidosis) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for the parents of an infant newly diagnosed with hereditary distal renal tubular acidosis presenting with failure to thrive, poly (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Scrotal pain and testicular torsion: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/scrotal-pain-and-testicular-torsion) — Clinical case of an adolescent boy with high-probability testicular torsion, covering the recognition and the TWIST score, the immediate surgical exploration with detorsion and bil (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Vesicoureteric reflux: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/vesicoureteric-reflux) — Clinical case of a 2-year-old girl with grade IV vesicoureteric reflux, recurrent febrile urinary tract infection, renal scarring, and bladder and bowel dysfunction, covering the g (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Vulvovaginal and common prepubertal gynaecological disorders: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/vulvovaginal-and-common-prepubertal-gynaecological-disorders) — Clinical case of a 3-year-old girl with labial adhesions discovered during bathing, covering the clinical assessment, the distinction from congenital anomalies, the conservative ma (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) ### neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular - [Acute neuromuscular respiratory failure: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-neuromuscular-respiratory-failure) — Clinical case of a 7-year-old boy with acute neuromuscular respiratory failure from Guillain-Barre syndrome, covering the ascending areflexic presentation, the normal oxygen satura (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ataxia in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/ataxia-in-children) — Clinical case of a fourteen-year-old boy with Friedreich ataxia, covering the bedside diagnosis from the cardinal constellation, the genetic confirmation with the GAA repeat expans (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Autoimmune encephalitis: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/autoimmune-encephalitis) — Clinical case of a 13-year-old girl with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, covering the staged presentation from psychiatric change to seizures and movement disorder, the diagnostic (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Brain death, death by neurological criteria and organ donation: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/brain-death-death-by-neurological-criteria-and-organ-donation) — Clinical case of a child who reaches brain death after a severe traumatic brain injury, covering the prerequisite checks and the correction of the confounders, the bedside brainste (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cerebral vascular malformations: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cerebral-vascular-malformations) — Clinical case of a term neonate presenting with high-output cardiac failure from a vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation, covering the bedside recognition, the imaging pathway, the (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Concussion and mild traumatic brain injury — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/concussion-and-mild-traumatic-brain-injury) — Structured encounter testing the assessment of an eleven-year-old girl whose daily headache, fatigue, poor concentration, and sensitivity to noise have persisted for six weeks afte (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital myopathies and muscular dystrophies: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-myopathies-and-muscular-dystrophies) — Clinical case of a 6-month-old girl with merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy from LAMA2, covering the markedly raised creatine kinase, the diffuse white matter change, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a family on a new diagnosis of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/absence-focal-and-generalised-epilepsies) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining a new diagnosis of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy to a fifteen-year-old girl and her parents, addressing the syndrome (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a family on starting levetiracetam for newly diagnosed focal epilepsy — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/antiseizure-medicines-selection-adverse-effects-and-monitoring) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining the selection, titration and adverse-effect monitoring of levetiracetam to the family of a ten-year-old boy with n (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel the parents of a child with a first demyelinating event — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis-and-demyelinating-disease) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to frightened parents that their six-year-old's drowsiness, irritability, and hemiparesis four days after a viral (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/duchenne-and-becker-muscular-dystrophy) — Clinical case of a boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy presenting with delayed motor milestones, calf pseudohypertrophy, and a markedly elevated creatine kinase, covering the gene (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Examining and counselling the family of a high-risk infant — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neurological-examination-across-childhood) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: examining a four-month-old infant born preterm in the neonatal follow-up clinic, explaining to the family what the increased (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain a Dravet syndrome diagnosis and its medication rules to a family — long case / structured oral](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/epilepsy-syndromes-by-age) — Long-case / structured-oral station: explaining a new diagnosis of Dravet syndrome to a family, the genetic basis, the medicines that must be avoided, the emergency plan for prolon (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain the scan and the transplant decision to the parents of a boy with cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neurodegenerative-and-leukodystrophy-disorders) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to frightened parents that their son's school decline and a contrast-enhancing brain lesion is cerebral X-linked a (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain the workup and the treatable-cause principle to the parents of a regressing adolescent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/developmental-regression-and-neurodegeneration) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining to frightened parents that their adolescent's subacute psychiatric change, seizures, and movement disorder is deve (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Febrile seizures: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/febrile-seizures) — Clinical case of a 20-month-old boy with a prolonged febrile convulsion progressing to febrile status epilepticus, covering the classification, the staged acute termination, the ex (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [First seizure and seizure mimics — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/first-seizure-and-seizure-mimics) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a nine-year-old girl referred after a first generalised tonic-clonic seizure: the seizure-versus-mimic decision built from the eyewitne (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute flaccid paralysis: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/guillain-barr-syndrome-and-acute-flaccid-paralysis) — Clinical case of a 6-year-old boy with Guillain-Barré syndrome after Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis, covering the ascending areflexic presentation, the falling forced vital c (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Headache and migraine in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/headache-and-migraine-in-children) — Clinical case of a 14-year-old girl with chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache, covering the ICHD-3 diagnosis, the reversal of analgesic overuse, the acute abortive plan (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hydrocephalus and shunt emergencies: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hydrocephalus-and-shunt-emergencies) — Clinical case of a child presenting with an obstructed ventriculoperitoneal shunt, covering the recognition of raised intracranial pressure, the shunt series and the CT head compar (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/hypoxic-ischaemic-brain-injury) — Clinical case of a comatose child after a drowning-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, covering the primary versus secondary injury, the initiation of hypothermic targeted temp (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Infantile spasms and developmental epileptic encephalopathy — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/infantile-spasms-and-developmental-epileptic-encephalopathy) — A clinical case of infantile spasms (West syndrome): a six-month-old boy presenting with two weeks of clustered flexor spasms on waking and developmental regression, illustrating t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Lead the emergency response to a child with a suspected cord compression — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/spinal-cord-compression-and-transverse-myelitis) — OSCE acute-care and structured-oral station: leading the first-hour emergency response for a nine-year-old with three days of nocturnal thoracic back pain, a weak left leg, and acu (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/moderate-and-severe-traumatic-brain-injury) — Clinical case of a child with severe traumatic brain injury and impending herniation, covering the structured primary survey with intubation and cervical spine immobilisation, the (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Movement disorders, dystonia and chorea: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/movement-disorders-dystonia-and-chorea) — Clinical case of an 8-year-old boy with known dystonic cerebral palsy who presents with status dystonicus, covering the recognition and triage of the emergency, the creatine kinase (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Myasthenia gravis and neuromuscular junction disorders: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/myasthenia-gravis-and-neuromuscular-junction-disorders) — Clinical case of a 14-year-old girl with autoimmune myasthenia gravis, covering the fluctuating fatigable ocular and bulbar weakness with preserved reflexes and pupils and a positi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neural tube defects and spinal dysraphism: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neural-tube-defects-and-spinal-dysraphism) — Clinical case of a newborn with an open lumbosacral myelomeningocele and the Chiari II malformation with hydrocephalus, covering the latex-free neonatal resuscitation, the neurosur (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurogenetic conditions and precision diagnosis: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neurogenetic-conditions-and-precision-diagnosis) — Clinical case of a 3-year-old girl with developmental regression, drug-resistant epilepsy, and a paroxysmal movement disorder after normal early development and a normal chromosoma (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurorehabilitation and acquired brain injury: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neurorehabilitation-and-acquired-brain-injury) — Clinical case of a child in the subacute phase of recovery from a moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, covering the multidisciplinary goal-directed rehabilitation plan across (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Non-epileptic events and functional seizures — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/non-epileptic-events-and-functional-seizures) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a fifteen-year-old girl referred for daily spells unresponsive to two escalating antiseizure drugs: the recognition of the semiology of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paediatric stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paediatric-stroke-and-cerebral-sinovenous-thrombosis) — Clinical case of a child presenting with cerebral sinovenous thrombosis following an ear infection, covering the classification, the imaging pathway with MRV, the decision to antic (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pain, feeding and respiratory care in severe neurodisability: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pain-feeding-and-respiratory-care-in-severe-neurodisability) — Clinical long case of a 9-year-old non-verbal boy with severe cerebral palsy at GMFCS level V presenting with behavioural change that is pain until proven otherwise, an unsafe swal (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Peripheral neuropathies: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/peripheral-neuropathies) — Clinical case of a 10-year-old boy with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A presenting with bilateral foot drop, pes cavus, and an affected father, covering the nerve conduction st (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Secondary headache and raised intracranial pressure — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/secondary-headache-and-raised-intracranial-pressure) — Structured encounter testing the assessment of a fourteen-year-old girl who presents with obesity, a three-month history of daily headache, transient visual obscurations, pulsatile (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sleep disorders with neurological disease: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/sleep-disorders-with-neurological-disease) — Clinical case of a nine-year-old girl with narcolepsy type 1 presenting with irresistible daytime sleep and laughter-triggered cataplexy, covering the bidirectional mechanism of or (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Spasticity, dystonia and tone management: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/spasticity-dystonia-and-tone-management) — Clinical case of a 6-year-old girl with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy at GMFCS II presenting with adductor and calf spasticity causing scissoring, tip-toe gait and difficult care (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Spinal muscular atrophy: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/spinal-muscular-atrophy) — Clinical case of a 4-month-old infant with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy presenting with progressive floppiness, covering the bright-and-floppy pattern of symmetric proximal weakn (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Status epilepticus: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/status-epilepticus) — Clinical case of a child presenting in established convulsive status epilepticus, covering the stepwise pathway from benzodiazepine to second-line levetiracetam, the reversible-cau (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tics and Tourette syndrome: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/tics-and-tourette-syndrome) — Clinical case of an 11-year-old boy with Tourette disorder and comorbid attention-deficit or hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, covering the DSM-5 diagnosis, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Transition and advance care planning in neurodisability: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/transition-and-advance-care-planning-in-neurodisability) — Clinical case of a seventeen-year-old young woman with severe cerebral palsy approaching the paediatric to adult boundary with no transition plan, covering the distinction between (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### ophthalmology - [Colour vision deficiency and inherited retinal disease: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/colour-vision-deficiency-and-inherited-retinal-disease) — Clinical long case of a ten-month-old infant presenting with the roving eye movements, the nystagmus and the poor fixation, covering the electroretinography and the molecular genet (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a family on a new diagnosis of accommodative esotropia and amblyopia — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/strabismus-and-ocular-motility-disorders) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a new diagnosis of accommodative esotropia with amblyopia in a young child, the meaning of the cycloplegic refraction and (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a family on a sticky watering eye and teach Crigler massage — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-nasolacrimal-duct-obstruction) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the diagnosis of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in a young infant, the meaning of the white quiet eye and the r (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining an abnormal red reflex to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paediatric-eye-examination-and-red-reflex-assessment) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on a six-week-old infant with a dense white reflex found at a routine check, covering the technique and interpretation of the red-refle (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining cortical visual impairment and environmental adaptation — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cortical-visual-impairment) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of cortical visual impairment in a 10-month-old ex-preterm infant to a parent, covering that the visual diffi (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining progressive myopia and myopia control to a family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/refractive-error-in-children) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on progressive myopia in an 8-year-old girl, covering the optical basis of myopia, why cycloplegic refraction confirms the prescription (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining the difference between preseptal and orbital cellulitis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/preseptal-and-orbital-cellulitis) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of preseptal cellulitis in a 3-year-old to a parent, distinguishing it from orbital cellulitis, covering the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining viral conjunctivitis, hygiene and the red flags — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/conjunctivitis-and-red-eye) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of viral conjunctivitis in a 4-year-old to a parent, covering the self-limiting nature of the illness, the su (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining why a normal-looking eye needs slit-lamp screening — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/uveitis-in-children) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining to a parent why a four-year-old child with oligoarticular ANA-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis needs slit-lamp scre (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [First aid for a chemical eye injury — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/ocular-trauma-and-chemical-injury) — Communication and acute-care OSCE on a child who has had a household alkali splash to the eye, in which the candidate must explain and initiate immediate copious irrigation before (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Leukocoria and retinoblastoma: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/leukocoria-and-retinoblastoma) — Clinical long case of a fourteen-month-old boy presenting with a white glow in the pupil noticed on flash photographs, covering the red reflex test and the urgent referral, the RB1 (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ophthalmia neonatorum — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/ophthalmia-neonatorum) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a three-day-old with profuse purulent discharge and lid oedema born to a mother with no documented screening: the recognition of gonoco (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/ophthalmic-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Clinical long case of a four-year-old girl with the oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis and a positive antinuclear antibody, covering the silent sight-threatening uveitis (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Papilloedema and optic nerve disorders: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/papilloedema-and-optic-nerve-disorders) — Clinical long case of a twelve-year-old girl presenting with the daily headache, the transient visual obscurations and the bilateral optic disc swelling, covering the fundoscopy an (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Recognising an absent red reflex and the urgency of congenital cataract — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-cataract-and-glaucoma) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on a 4-week-old infant with a dense unilateral cataract and absent red reflex, covering the performance of the red-reflex (Brückner) te (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Urgent ophthalmology referral and childhood vision loss: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/urgent-ophthalmology-referral-and-childhood-vision-loss) — Clinical long case of a ten-month-old boy presenting with a white glow in the pupil noticed on the flash photographs, covering the red reflex test and the same-day referral, the am (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Visual development, amblyopia and vision screening in childhood — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/visual-development-amblyopia-and-vision-screening-in-childhood) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a five-year-old found at school-entry screening to have reduced left eye acuity: the recognition of amblyopia as a cortical deficit, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### paediatric-dermatology - [A child recovering from carbamazepine-induced SJS-TEN overlap — long case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/stevens-johnson-syndrome-and-toxic-epidermal-necrolysis) — Long-case and structured-discussion OSCE on a 9-year-old girl recovering from carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome-toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap: the acute recogniti (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [A child with bruising and a low platelet count — long case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/petechiae-purpura-and-vasculitic-rashes) — Long-case and structured-discussion OSCE on a four-year-old boy with sudden bruising, petechiae and a platelet count of 10 × 10⁹ per litre: the sick-versus-well triage, the full-bl (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Alopecia and hair disorders in children — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/alopecia-and-hair-disorders-in-children) — Structured encounter testing the approach to an eight-year-old with a smooth bald patch and exclamation-mark hairs: the recognition of alopecia areata, the autoimmune thyroid assoc (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Approach to rash in infants and children — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/approach-to-rash-in-infants-and-children) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for a parent bringing an infant with a rash. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a parent on managing their infant's nappy dermatitis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/nappy-dermatitis) — OSCE communication and counselling station: explaining to the parent of a nine-month-old boy what a candidal nappy dermatitis is, why it followed the antibiotic course, how to appl (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a parent on their newborn's large congenital melanocytic naevus — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-melanocytic-naevi-and-pigmentary-birthmarks) — OSCE communication and counselling station: explaining to the parent of a six-week-old girl with a large congenital melanocytic naevus on the upper back with satellite lesions what (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Epidermolysis bullosa and inherited blistering disorders — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/epidermolysis-bullosa-and-inherited-blistering-disorders) — A structured clinical case of severe generalised recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa presenting in an older child, illustrating the mitten deformity, oesophageal stricturing (exams=RACP DCE,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain a severe drug eruption to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/drug-eruptions-including-dress-and-agep) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining to a parent that their child has DRESS (a severe drug reaction to an anticonvulsant), what it means, why the drug must ne (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain allergic contact dermatitis and patch testing to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/contact-dermatitis) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis to a parent, the meaning of the patch test, why the usual eczema creams have (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining a cutaneous sign of systemic disease — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/skin-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining to a family that a child's skin sign may reflect an underlying internal disease, covering the recognise, investigate and (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining a neonatal pustular eruption and giving a safety-net — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neonatal-pustular-and-vesiculobullous-eruptions) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on a two-day-old term neonate with scattered pustules on an erythematous base across the trunk, sparing the palms and soles, in an othe (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining a neurocutaneous syndrome — Sturge-Weber OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/genodermatoses-and-neurocutaneous-skin-findings) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a new diagnosis of Sturge-Weber syndrome to a family after a forehead port-wine stain is found in their newborn, covering (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining a suspected fungal toenail and the confirm-before-treat principle — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/nail-disorders-in-children) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on a thickened, discoloured toenail in a 9-year-old, covering the nail unit anatomy and the site-based diagnostic principle, the confir (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining chronic plaque psoriasis and topical therapy — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/psoriasis-in-children) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a new diagnosis of chronic plaque psoriasis in an 11-year-old to a parent, covering the nature of the chronic immune-medi (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining impetigo, school exclusion and household care — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/impetigo-and-bacterial-skin-infection) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of impetigo in a 4-year-old to a parent, covering the nature of the illness, the five-day topical treatment a (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explaining infantile haemangioma, propranolol and safety-netting — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/vascular-birthmarks-and-infantile-haemangioma) — Communication and structured-discussion OSCE on explaining a diagnosis of a problematic infantile haemangioma to a parent, covering the tumour-versus-malformation distinction and t (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Molluscum contagiosum and viral warts — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/molluscum-contagiosum-and-viral-warts) — A clinical case of a child with both molluscum contagiosum and a common viral wart in the setting of atopic dermatitis, illustrating conservative-first assessment, counselling, and (exams=RACP DCE,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Negotiate the acne treatment plan with an adolescent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acne-vulgaris-in-adolescents) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining the moderate inflammatory acne to a withdrawn 15-year-old and his mother, agreeing the stepwise plan of the topica (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Reassure and counsel a parent about cradle cap — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/seborrhoeic-dermatitis-and-cradle-cap) — OSCE communication and counselling station: explaining to the anxious parent of a six-week-old boy what cradle cap is, why it is not an infection and not a hygiene problem, why no (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Scabies, lice and infestations — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/scabies-lice-and-infestations) — A clinical case of classic scabies in a young child from a remote, crowded household, illustrating the 2020 IACS criteria, the permethrin regimen, household treatment and the link (exams=RACP DCE,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tinea and fungal skin infection — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/tinea-and-fungal-skin-infection) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a five-year-old with a scaly bald scalp patch and broken hair stubs: the recognition of tinea capitis, the species-guided oral therapy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care - [Assess a child's pain across developmental and cognitive ability — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pain-assessment-across-developmental-and-cognitive-abilities) — OSCE assessment station: assess the pain of a non-verbal child with severe cerebral palsy on day one after spinal fusion, select and apply the individualised observational tool, in (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chronic primary and secondary pain in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/chronic-primary-and-secondary-pain-in-children) — Clinical long case of a thirteen-year-old girl with eight months of widespread aching, fatigue, unrefreshing sleep and falling school attendance and a folder of normal tests, cover (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Hold the goals-of-care conversation for care in the last days of life — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/care-in-the-last-days-of-life) — OSCE communication station for care in the last days of life: open the conversation, explore understanding, make a clear recommendation, address fear of abandonment, and agree a do (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Hold the goals-of-care conversation for grief, bereavement and sibling support — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/grief-bereavement-and-sibling-support) — OSCE communication station for grief, bereavement and sibling support: open the conversation, explore understanding, make a clear recommendation, address fear of abandonment, and a (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Hold the goals-of-care conversation for organ and tissue donation in children — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/organ-and-tissue-donation-in-children) — OSCE communication station for organ and tissue donation in children: open the conversation, explore understanding, make a clear recommendation, address fear of abandonment, and ag (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Hold the goals-of-care conversation for palliative care in neurodisability and genetic disease — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/palliative-care-in-neurodisability-and-genetic-disease) — OSCE communication station for palliative care in neurodisability and genetic disease: open the conversation, explore understanding, make a clear recommendation, address fear of ab (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Hold the goals-of-care conversation for withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/withholding-and-withdrawing-life-sustaining-treatment) — OSCE communication station for withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment: open the conversation, explore understanding, make a clear recommendation, address fear of aba (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Introduce paediatric palliative care and refer at diagnosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paediatric-palliative-care-principles-and-referral) — OSCE communication and decision-making station: introduce paediatric palliative care to the parents of a 6-year-old newly diagnosed with relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma, correct t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Neuropathic pain in children: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neuropathic-pain-in-children) — Clinical case of a 14-year-old girl with complex regional pain syndrome of the lower limb complicated by opioid escalation, school absence, and a fixed dystonic posture, covering t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Open the goals-of-care conversation with an adolescent with relapsed cancer and the family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/palliative-care-in-cancer) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: opening the goals-of-care and advance care planning conversation with a sixteen-year-old with relapsed cancer and the family, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Right dose, right monitoring, right rotation — paediatric opioid stewardship](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/opioid-stewardship-and-complex-analgesia) — A bedside structured clinical encounter testing paediatric opioid stewardship: setting up a morphine patient-controlled analgesia device with the weight-based parameters, gating ev (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Score, found, titrate, monitor, wean — leading acute nociceptive pain management on the ward](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-nociceptive-pain-management) — A structured clinical encounter testing the leadership of acute nociceptive pain management on the paediatric ward: scoring the pain, building the multimodal foundation up the WHO (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Symptom control in a seriously ill child — long-case communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/symptom-control-in-serious-paediatric-illness) — Long-case communication and management station: a 9-year-old with relapsed metastatic sarcoma and escalating pain, breathlessness, nausea and agitation. The candidate must conduct (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### preventive-and-community-paediatrics - [4-month health supervision OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/infant-health-supervision-3-to-6-months) — OSCE on structured 4-month visit including sleep counselling, growth, development and maternal mood. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Aboriginal child health partnership — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-child-health) — OSCE on culturally safe engagement, ear and wet-cough counselling, and ACCHO-shared planning with an Aboriginal family. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Absolute risk and vaccine catch-up counselling — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/population-health-epidemiology-and-prevention-in-paediatrics) — OSCE on absolute versus relative risk, herd immunity limits, and non-coercive immunisation catch-up planning for a mobile family. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Adolescent preventive visit OSCE — confidentiality, HEADSS and safety planning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/adolescent-preventive-health-care) — Observed structured encounter testing time alone, conditional confidentiality, HEADSS interviewing, positive-screen safety action and shared planning. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Bilateral newborn hearing refer before rural discharge — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/newborn-hearing-screening) — Structured encounter testing bilateral refer counselling, 1-3-6 pathway planning, residual-risk concepts and rural follow-up design for newborn hearing screening. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Childcare exclusion counselling — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/childcare-attendance-exclusion-and-infection-prevention) — OSCE on gastroenteritis return-to-care counselling, exclusion principles and avoidance of inappropriate clearance. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Critical bloodspot result before rural discharge — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/newborn-bloodspot-screening-for-inherited-metabolic-disease-and-follow-up) — Structured encounter testing incomplete card recognition, critical TSH action in a well neonate, galactosaemia feed safety if introduced, and rural safety-netting. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Culturally safe Indigenous child health visit — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/indigenous-child-health-and-culturally-safe-care) — OSCE on rapport, reframing non-compliance, OM/hearing plan and partnership with community-controlled care. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental screening OSCE — tool pathway and counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/developmental-and-behavioural-screening) — OSCE on 18-month screening visit: general and autism-specific tools, result counselling, equity and closed-loop referral. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Elevated BP and family early MI — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cardiovascular-risk-screening-in-childhood) — OSCE on paediatric CV risk screening counselling. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Environmental health counselling — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/environmental-health-and-childrens-exposure-risks) — OSCE on environmental history, private-well and pesticide prevention, and declining unvalidated toxin panels. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Food and housing needs counselling — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/housing-insecurity-food-insecurity-and-child-health) — OSCE on non-stigmatising screening, Hunger Vital Sign, housing safety and closed-loop referral. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Global child health catch-up and malnutrition risk — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/global-child-health-and-sustainable-paediatric-care) — OSCE on prioritising dehydration care, catch-up immunisation and nutrition support for a migrant toddler. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Heat-wave and sports heat counselling — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/climate-change-heat-and-child-health) — OSCE on heat-stroke recognition teaching, cool-first principles, sports acclimatisation and equity-aware heat-wave plans. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Housing letter and catchment advocacy — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/community-needs-assessment-and-child-health-advocacy) — OSCE on acute social advocacy for one family plus ethical community needs-assessment planning. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Immunisation principles OSCE — well-child multi-antigen visit and schedule reasoning](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/immunisation-principles-and-national-schedule-comparison) — Observed structured encounter testing immunisation status reconciliation, valid-dose decisions, same-day dosing, documentation and principle-level schedule comparison. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Infant health supervision 6–12 months OSCE — well visit and conversion](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/infant-health-supervision-6-to-12-months) — Observed structured encounter testing a complete 9-month health-supervision visit and recognition of when a booked well visit must convert to acute care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Infant health supervision OSCE — early weight check and 2-month counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/infant-health-supervision-birth-to-3-months) — Observed structured encounter testing day-5 feeding and jaundice decisions plus 2-month safe-sleep and maternal mental-health counselling with teach-back. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Injury-prevention counselling OSCE — restraints, helmets and safe storage](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/passenger-bicycle-pedestrian-and-firearm-safety) — OSCE on multi-domain anticipatory guidance for passenger restraints, bicycle helmets, pedestrian supervision and firearm storage. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Lead exposure counselling — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/lead-exposure-and-poisoning-prevention) — OSCE on explaining elevated blood lead, source control and honest limits of chelation. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Newborn preventive package before rural discharge — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/newborn-preventive-care-and-screening) — Structured encounter testing completion of newborn preventive care, CCHD fail recognition, hearing refer counselling and safety-netting for a rural family. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Positive newborn screen counselling — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/screening-test-principles-in-children) — OSCE on explaining a positive screen, residual risk language, and confirmatory pathway without overcalling diagnosis. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Preschool school-entry check — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/preschool-health-supervision) — OSCE on preschool health supervision, speech concern counselling and referral. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Rural disposition and medical-home planning — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/rural-regional-and-remote-child-health-inequities) — OSCE on rural capability-matched disposition, telehealth versus transfer counselling and medical-home loop closure. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Safe sleep counselling — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/safe-sleep-and-sudden-unexpected-death-prevention) — OSCE on non-judgemental safe-sleep history, hazard counselling and teach-back. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [School health plan and nurse call — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/school-health-and-school-based-care) — OSCE on school health planning, anaphylaxis readiness counselling and clinic–school coordination. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [School-age health supervision — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/school-age-health-supervision) — OSCE station: school-age well visit counselling and structured assessment. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Smoke-free home and youth vaping counselling — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/air-pollution-tobacco-smoke-and-vaping-exposure) — OSCE on non-judgemental SHS history, smoke-free home and car counselling, and adolescent vaping dual-use screening. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Sun protection counselling — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/sun-protection-and-skin-cancer-prevention) — OSCE on layered photoprotection counselling, indoor tanning refusal and vitamin D messaging. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Te Tiriti-informed well-child visit — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/m-ori-child-health-te-tiriti-and-culturally-safe-care) — OSCE on Hui Process engagement, cultural safety, SUDI/smoke counselling and closed-loop equity planning with a Māori whānau. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toddler 18-month well visit — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/toddler-health-supervision-1-to-3-years) — OSCE on toddler health supervision, positive autism screen counselling and injury guidance. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toddler home injury prevention — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/childhood-injury-prevention-and-anticipatory-guidance) — OSCE on non-judgemental home hazard history, passive-first anticipatory guidance and teach-back. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Uncertain vaccination history — catch-up counselling OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/catch-up-immunisation-and-uncertain-vaccination-history) — OSCE on reconstructing history, explaining catch-up, and booking multi-visit plan. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Vaccine hesitancy OSCE — MMR delay counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/vaccine-hesitancy-and-risk-communication) — Communication OSCE testing recommendation style, elicitation of autism concern, tailored response, negotiation of plan and documentation of refusal. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Vaccine safety OSCE — pre-vaccination screen, anaphylaxis drill and false-contraindication counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/vaccine-contraindications-precautions-and-adverse-events) — Observed structured encounter testing vaccine safety screening, emergency anaphylaxis response and counselling through false contraindications. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Water-safety counselling — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/drowning-prevention-and-water-safety) — OSCE on non-judgemental water-risk history, layered drowning prevention and teach-back. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-11) - [Well-child visit OSCE — health supervision and conversion counselling](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/preventive-paediatrics-and-the-well-child-visit) — OSCE testing well-child visit structure, developmental action, social determinant response and acute conversion judgement. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) ### professional-practice-and-evidence - [Adolescent confidentiality OSCE — conditional script, override and the portal breach](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/confidentiality-with-children-and-adolescents) — Observed structured encounter testing the conditional-confidentiality script, time alone, capacity assessment, a safety override decision and a portal-breach repair. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Appraising a trial for a shared decision — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/evidence-based-medicine-and-critical-appraisal) — OSCE on appraising a randomised trial and applying its evidence to a shared decision with a family. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Appraising design and bias at the bedside — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paediatric-study-design-and-bias) — OSCE on identifying study design, assessing bias, and judging applicability of evidence to a child and family. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Best-interests decisions and treatment limitation — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/best-interests-decisions-and-treatment-limitation) — OSCE station: leading a goals-of-care and treatment-limitation conversation with the family of a child with a progressive life-limiting condition, applying the best-interests balan (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Consent, parental responsibility and mature-minor frameworks — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/consent-parental-responsibility-and-mature-minor-frameworks) — OSCE station: obtaining parental permission and child assent for a lumbar puncture in a school-age child, managing dissent and disagreement. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Counselling a family toward high-value care — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/high-value-care-stewardship-and-avoiding-low-value-interventions) — OSCE on explaining restraint and shared decision-making to a family requesting a low-value test and treatment. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Counselling a positive newborn screen — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/diagnostic-accuracy-and-screening-statistics) — OSCE on translating a positive newborn screen into a positive predictive value and a confirmatory plan with a family. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Declining a boundary challenge from an adolescent patient — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/professional-boundaries-and-social-media) — OSCE on declining a social media friend request from a 14-year-old patient and redirecting an after-hours message from her mother, maintaining the therapeutic frame with warmth and (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Delivering a new diagnosis — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/breaking-bad-news-and-serious-illness-communication) — OSCE on delivering a new serious diagnosis to parents using a structured SPIKES approach, with attention to setting, emotion and follow-up. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Designing and defending a paediatric implementation plan — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/implementation-science-and-translating-evidence-into-practice) — OSCE on designing and defending a paediatric implementation project to close an evidence-practice gap: diagnosing barriers with Cabana and CFIR, selecting ERIC strategies, measurin (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmentally appropriate communication OSCE — preschool engagement and adolescent confidentiality](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/developmentally-appropriate-communication) — Observed structured encounter testing developmentally appropriate engagement of a preschooler through play, interpreter-supported communication, confidential adolescent interviewin (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Disclosing a medication error to a family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/medication-safety-and-error-prevention-in-children) — OSCE on disclosing a tenfold opioid infusion error to a parent, with attention to immediate safety, honest open disclosure, system analysis and second-victim support. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Disclosing a medication error to a family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/patient-safety-human-factors-and-systems-thinking) — OSCE on the system response and open disclosure after a paediatric medication error, with attention to the Swiss cheese model, the response pathway and the second victim. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Ethical allocation of resources in paediatrics — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/ethical-allocation-of-resources-in-paediatrics) — OSCE station: explaining a fair-allocation decision to the family of a child who did not receive a scarce PICU bed during a surge, applying the triage principles, the comfort-care (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Explaining a treatment's risks and benefits — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/communicating-risk-and-uncertainty-to-families) — OSCE on communicating the risks and benefits of a preventive medication to parents using evidence-based risk-communication tools, with attention to framing, numeracy, uncertainty a (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Family-centred and child-rights-based care — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/family-centred-and-child-rights-based-care) — Communication and management OSCE station: delivering a family-centred, rights-based encounter with a child with special health care needs and a family who speak a language other t (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Goals-of-care conversation OSCE — adolescent oncology and a child with no plan](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/goals-of-care-conversations-and-advance-care-planning-for-children) — Observed communication encounter testing a structured goals-of-care conversation using the Serious Illness Conversation Guide, age-appropriate advance care planning, prognostic dis (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Health literacy and accessible information OSCE — liquid-medication counselling and complex discharge](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/health-literacy-and-accessible-paediatric-information) — Observed communication encounter testing health literacy universal precautions, teach-back, millilitre dosing with an oral syringe and pictogram, accessible discharge communication (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Interpreting a meta-analysis for a shared decision — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/interpreting-systematic-reviews-and-clinical-guidelines) — OSCE on interpreting a meta-analysis and a guideline recommendation and applying them to a shared decision with a family. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Leading a paediatric resuscitation team — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/leadership-and-interprofessional-team-management) — OSCE on leading a paediatric resuscitation team and defending how you build a high-performing interprofessional team: role allocation, closed-loop communication, shared mental mode (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Managing an angry parent at the bedside — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/conflict-complaints-and-difficult-clinical-encounters) — OSCE on de-escalating a distressed but non-violent parent on the ward using a structured verbal approach, with attention to safety, acknowledgement and follow-up. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Negotiating a parental refusal of a blood transfusion — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/refusal-of-treatment-and-disagreement-over-care) — OSCE on navigating a Jehovah's Witness family's refusal of a life-saving blood transfusion for their bleeding child, with attention to the harm-principle threshold, emergency treat (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Open disclosure after a medication error — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/open-disclosure-and-duty-of-candour) — OSCE on staged open disclosure after a tenfold medication error, addressing acknowledgement, apology, language access and follow-up. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Paediatric consultation with child, young person and family — communication OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paediatric-consultation-with-child-young-person-and-family) — OSCE on structuring a triadic, developmentally-adapted paediatric consultation: rapport before examination, eliciting ICE, adolescent time alone and HEEADSSS, and safety-netted clo (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Presenting and defending a quality improvement plan — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/quality-improvement-methods-in-child-health) — OSCE on designing and defending a paediatric quality improvement project using the Model for Improvement: aim, measures, PDSA testing, run-chart interpretation and sustainability, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Reading a paediatric trial result for a shared decision — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/biostatistics-for-paediatric-exams) — OSCE on reading a paediatric statistical result — confidence interval, p-value, effect size and clinical importance — and conveying it to a family in a shared decision. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Research ethics and assent OSCE — paediatric trial enrolment and emergency deferred consent](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/research-ethics-and-assent-in-paediatric-research) — Observed communication encounter testing permission versus assent terminology, risk-benefit categorisation, screening for therapeutic misconception, and management of a child's dis (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Responding to a distressed child in the ED — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/trauma-informed-paediatric-care) — OSCE on applying a trauma-informed approach to a distressed child in the ED requiring a procedure, with attention to the SAMHSA framework, procedural adaptation and follow-up. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Responding to a subpoena and writing a safeguarding statement — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/medicolegal-documentation-and-expert-evidence) — OSCE on the immediate response to a subpoena, the principles of medicolegal documentation for a child-protection statement, and preparing to give evidence, with the duty-to-the-cou (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Safety station — infusion error rescue, incident report, systems analysis and family disclosure](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/recognition-reporting-and-analysis-of-adverse-events) — Structured clinical encounter testing immediate rescue after a paediatric medication adverse event, blame-free incident reporting, systems analysis with strong actions, and open di (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Shared decision-making and assent OSCE — imaging choice and chronic-disease disagreement](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/shared-decision-making-and-assent-in-children) — Observed communication encounter testing shared decision-making, assent, decision-aid use, capacity assessment and management of disagreement with an adolescent. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Supporting a fatigued colleague after a near miss — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/clinician-wellbeing-fatigue-and-sustainable-practice) — OSCE on supporting a fatigued trainee who is the second victim of an intercepted tenfold opioid near miss, with attention to immediate patient safety, second-victim support, the de (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Teaching, supervision and feedback OSCE — procedural error and the deteriorating registrar](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/teaching-supervision-and-feedback-in-paediatrics) — Observed communication and supervision encounter testing structured feedback, the educational alliance, entrustment decisions, safe correction of practice and the struggling learne (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Translating an effect estimate into a shared decision — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/clinical-epidemiology-and-measures-of-effect) — OSCE on computing and interpreting measures of effect and applying them to a shared decision with a family. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Working with interpreters and culturally responsive communication OSCE — emergency consent and adolescent confidentiality](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/working-with-interpreters-and-culturally-responsive-communication) — Observed communication encounter testing professional interpreter use, the avoidance of child interpreters, teach-back, a cultural competence framework and the protection of adoles (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) ### respiratory-sleep-and-airway - [Asthma diagnosis and long-term control — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/asthma-diagnosis-and-long-term-control) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a 6-year-old with recurrent cough and wheeze: confirming the diagnosis objectively, classifying phenotype and level of control, buildin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Behavioural insomnia and circadian rhythm disorders — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/behavioural-insomnia-and-circadian-rhythm-disorders) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a 15-year-old with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder and school refusal: recognition of a circadian rather than behavioural problem, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Bronchiectasis in children — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/bronchiectasis-in-children) — Clinical case of a school-aged child with a chronic wet cough progressing to bronchiectasis, illustrating the suppurative lung disease continuum, the aetiological work-up, and airw (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Central sleep apnoea and hypoventilation syndromes — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/central-sleep-apnoea-and-hypoventilation-syndromes) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a term neonate who breathes adequately while awake but hypoventilates and desaturates during sleep with a structurally normal heart and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic cough in children — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/chronic-cough-diagnostic-approach) — Clinical case of a preschool child with a chronic wet cough illustrating the wet-versus-dry branch point, the antibiotic trial for protracted bacterial bronchitis, and escalation w (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Congenital lung and airway malformations — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/congenital-lung-and-airway-malformations) — Clinical case of a child with recurrent same-site pneumonia found to have a congenital lung malformation, illustrating the structural-lesion pathway, the diagnostic role of contras (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Epiglottitis and bacterial tracheitis: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/epiglottitis-and-bacterial-tracheitis) — Clinical case of an incompletely immunised toddler with acute epiglottitis, covering do-no-harm recognition, controlled airway management in theatre, empiric antibiotics, and publi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/exercise-induced-bronchoconstriction) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a 10-year-old who coughs and wheezes with sport: confirming exercise-induced bronchoconstriction objectively, classifying it, controlli (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Explain a child's pneumonia and its home treatment to a worried parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/community-acquired-pneumonia) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining community-acquired pneumonia to an anxious parent, why oral antibiotics rather than admission or a drip are appropriate, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Explain a positive newborn cystic fibrosis screen to worried parents — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cystic-fibrosis-diagnosis-and-screening) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a positive newborn bloodspot screen for cystic fibrosis to anxious parents of a well baby, why a positive screen is not a (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Explain bronchiolitis and its home care to a worried parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/bronchiolitis-and-viral-lower-respiratory-tract-infection) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining bronchiolitis to a frightened parent, why antibiotics and inhalers are not being given, what supportive care will happen, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Explain chronic aspiration and a feeding plan to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/aspiration-swallowing-dysfunction-and-chronic-lung-injury) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining to a parent why their child with cerebral palsy keeps getting chest infections, what silent aspiration means, why a swall (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Explain croup and its home care to a worried parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/croup) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining croup to a frightened parent, why a single steroid dose is enough, why humidified steam is not recommended, what to watch (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Explain daily cystic fibrosis treatment and a new CFTR modulator to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/cystic-fibrosis-pulmonary-and-multidisciplinary-management) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining to a parent why daily airway clearance, nebulisers, enzymes and antibiotics all matter in cystic fibrosis, what a new CFT (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Explain empyema and its treatment to a worried parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pleural-effusion-and-empyema) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining a parapneumonic empyema to a frightened parent, why the chest drain and fibrinolytics are needed, why the illness is taki (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Foreign-body aspiration — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/foreign-body-aspiration) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a toddler brought in after a witnessed choking episode on a peanut with a normal chest radiograph: recognition and the choking-history (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Interstitial lung disease in children — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/interstitial-lung-disease-in-children) — Clinical case of an infant with persistent tachypnoea and diffuse lung disease reaching a diagnosis of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, illustrating the chILD syndrome, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia and vocal-cord dysfunction: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/laryngomalacia-tracheomalacia-and-vocal-cord-dysfunction) — Clinical long case of an infant with severe laryngomalacia and faltering growth, covering the localisation of stridor, the awake flexible laryngoscopy diagnosis, the recognition of (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Manage a child with acute severe asthma in the emergency department — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-severe-and-life-threatening-asthma) — OSCE management station: assessing and treating a school-age child with acute severe asthma who is not responding to home reliever, delivering the stepwise pathway, recognising det (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Narcolepsy and hypersomnolence — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/narcolepsy-and-hypersomnolence) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a school-aged child with three months of irresistible daytime sleepiness who loses muscle tone in the head and knees when laughing and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Neuromuscular respiratory failure and airway clearance — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/neuromuscular-respiratory-failure-and-airway-clearance) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy with morning headaches, daytime sleepiness and recurrent chest infections: the recognition of th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Non-invasive ventilation and home respiratory support — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/non-invasive-ventilation-and-home-respiratory-support) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and nocturnal hypoventilation: recognising the problem, using a sleep study with carbon dioxide (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Obstructive sleep apnoea in children — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/obstructive-sleep-apnoea-in-children) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a preschooler with loud snoring, witnessed apnoeas and faltering growth: recognition of obstructive sleep apnoea, the sleep history and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oxygen therapy and home oxygen in children — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/oxygen-therapy-and-home-oxygen-in-children) — Structured encounter following an ex-preterm infant with chronic lung disease of prematurity from a hospital oxygen requirement to a home oxygen programme and its weaning: setting (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Paediatric sleep investigations: polysomnography, sleep-study interpretation and MSLT — structured case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/paediatric-sleep-investigations-polysomnography-sleep-study-interpretation-and-mslt) — Structured encounter working through the investigation of a snoring, poorly growing preschooler: choosing attended polysomnography over a limited study, interpreting the resulting (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pneumothorax and air-leak syndromes — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pneumothorax-and-air-leak-syndromes) — OSCE assessment and communication station for an adolescent with a spontaneous pneumothorax and an anxious parent. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Primary ciliary dyskinesia — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/primary-ciliary-dyskinesia) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a preschooler with a lifelong wet cough, chronic ear and nasal disease and situs inversus: recognition of primary ciliary dyskinesia, e (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pulmonary haemorrhage and haemoptysis — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pulmonary-haemorrhage-and-haemoptysis) — Clinical case of an infant with recurrent occult alveolar haemorrhage, iron-deficiency anaemia, and faltering growth, illustrating the exclusion-based work-up, the diagnosis of Hei (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Recurrent pneumonia in children — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/recurrent-pneumonia-and-localised-lung-disease) — Clinical case of a toddler with recurrent same-site pneumonia illustrating the same-site-versus-different-site branch point, the search for a structural cause, and bronchoscopy for (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Recurrent wheeze in preschool children — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/recurrent-wheeze-in-preschool-children) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a frequently-wheezy preschooler brought for review: confirming the phenotype, applying the Asthma Predictive Index, excluding the mimic (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Respiratory distress and failure in children — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/respiratory-distress-and-failure-in-children) — OSCE assessment and communication station for a child in respiratory distress with a worried parent. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-15) - [Respiratory manifestations of systemic disease — clinical case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/respiratory-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Clinical case of a child newly presenting with an anterior mediastinal mass and lymphoma, illustrating the peri-procedural airway danger, the malignancy limb of respiratory manifes (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Spirometry and paediatric pulmonary-function testing — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/spirometry-and-paediatric-pulmonary-function-testing) — Structured encounter interpreting spirometry in an 11-year-old with cough and wheeze: judging the quality of the test, recognising the obstructive pattern and its bronchodilator re (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Tracheostomy care and emergencies: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/tracheostomy-care-and-emergencies) — Clinical case of a technology-dependent toddler at home with a tracheostomy who presents with a blocked tube, covering the emergency algorithm, home care and go-bags, complications (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Upper-airway obstruction and stridor — structured clinical encounter](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/upper-airway-obstruction-and-stridor) — Structured encounter testing the approach to a two-year-old presenting with a barking cough and stridor that progresses to severe obstruction: recognition and severity grading of c (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) ### rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports - [Assess a child with persistent bone pain for malignancy red flags — long case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/bone-pain-and-malignancy-red-flags) — Long-case structured assessment of a child with persistent, progressive, night-waking bone pain: running the red-flag screen, choosing the same-day basic investigations, reading th (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a family on a new diagnosis of IgA vasculitis and the renal monitoring — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/iga-vasculitis) — OSCE communication and safety-netting station: explaining a new diagnosis of IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein purpura) to a five-year-old boy and his parents, addressing the diagno (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a family on CVID arthritis and the need for a dual plan — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/primary-immunodeficiency-with-rheumatic-manifestations) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining to a family that their daughter's arthritis and bruising are rheumatic fingerprints of a common variable immunodeficiency (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a family on load management for an overuse knee injury — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/sports-injury-prevention-and-overuse-injuries) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: counselling the parents and the young adolescent athlete of a thirteen-year-old basketball player with Osgood-Schlatter disease on t (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a parent after their child's concussion and agree on the return to school — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/concussion-and-return-to-learn-or-play) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: counselling the parent of a fourteen-year-old after a sport-related concussion, explaining the diagnosis and the twenty-four to fort (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a parent and a young athlete on low energy availability and the return-to-running plan — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/relative-energy-deficiency-in-sport-and-athlete-nutrition) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: explaining low energy availability and the Female Athlete Triad to the parent of a fifteen-year-old cross-country runner with a tibi (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a parent on an adolescent's new diagnosis of spondylolysis and the activity plan — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/back-pain-in-children-and-adolescents) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: explaining a new diagnosis of spondylolysis to the parent of a thirteen-year-old gymnast, outlining the activity cessation, the anti (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel a school sports coordinator on a heat-safety and emergency-action plan for the summer season — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/heat-illness-exertional-collapse-and-sudden-death-prevention) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: explaining the prevention of exertional heat illness and sudden cardiac arrest to a school sports coordinator, outlining the heat-ac (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel an adolescent and her parent on a new scoliosis diagnosis and the bracing plan — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/scoliosis-and-spinal-deformity) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: explaining a new diagnosis of a 32-degree adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to a 12-year-old girl and her parent, outlining the bracin (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Counsel the adolescent who uses steroids — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/performance-enhancing-substances-in-young-athletes) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: counselling a fifteen-year-old boy and his family after the disclosure of anabolic-androgenic steroid use bought online, addr (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain a clubfoot diagnosis and the Ponseti method to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/clubfoot-and-congenital-limb-anomalies) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: explaining a new diagnosis of the idiopathic clubfoot to the parent of a one-week-old boy, outlining the Ponseti method from the ser (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain a new diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and the long-term plan — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/anca-associated-and-other-childhood-vasculitides) — OSCE communication station: explaining a new diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis to a 14-year-old boy and his parents after a pulmonary-renal presentation, addressing the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain a positive newborn hip examination to a family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining the assessment and management of developmental dysplasia of the hip to the parents of a five-week-old breech-born (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain a pre-participation sports clearance and the exertional-syncope restriction to an athlete and parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pre-participation-sports-evaluation) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: explaining to a fifteen-year-old basketball player and his parent why a pre-participation evaluation that uncovered exertional synco (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain a septic arthritis diagnosis and the urgent theatre plan to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/acute-monoarthritis-and-septic-arthritis) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: explaining a new diagnosis of septic arthritis of the hip to the parent of a three-year-old boy, outlining the urgent arthrotomy and (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain a torus fracture and the soft-bandage plan to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/common-paediatric-fractures-and-growth-plate-injury) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: explaining a distal radius buckle or torus fracture to the parent of an eight-year-old, outlining why a soft bandage rather than a r (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain acute osteomyelitis management to a family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/osteomyelitis-and-discitis) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining the diagnosis and management of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis to the parents of a three-year-old boy, addressi (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain an unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis and the urgent operation to a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/slipped-capital-femoral-epiphysis) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: explaining a new diagnosis of an unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis to the parent of a thirteen-year-old boy, outlining the (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain juvenile dermatomyositis to a worried parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/juvenile-dermatomyositis) — OSCE communication and shared-planning station: explaining the diagnosis of juvenile dermatomyositis to a parent, the reason for the muscle enzymes and magnetic resonance imaging, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain Perthes disease to a family — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/perthes-disease) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining the diagnosis and the long course of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease to the parents of a six-year-old boy, addressing t (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Explain the Kocher prediction rule to a family with an irritable hip — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/musculoskeletal-examination-and-the-limping-child) — OSCE communication and shared decision-making station: explaining the assessment and management of a suspected septic hip to the parents of a five-year-old boy, addressing the Koch (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis) — Clinical long case of a three-year-old girl presenting with a swollen right knee for ten weeks, stiff in the morning and improving with activity, covering the ILAR oligoarticular c (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pain amplification, juvenile fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/pain-amplification-juvenile-fibromyalgia-and-complex-regional-pain-syndrome) — Clinical long case of a thirteen-year-old girl with juvenile fibromyalgia and her fourteen-year-old sister with complex regional pain syndrome, covering the central sensitization m (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Periodic fever and autoinflammatory syndromes — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/periodic-fever-and-autoinflammatory-syndromes) — OSCE communication and clinical reasoning station for a six-year-old of Lebanese background with familial Mediterranean fever, and parents frightened by the father's amyloidosis an (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE; updated=2026-07-16) - [Reactive arthritis and post-infectious inflammatory syndromes: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/reactive-arthritis-and-post-infectious-inflammatory-syndromes) — Clinical long case of a nine-year-old boy presenting with an asymmetric lower-limb oligoarthritis with enthesitis three weeks after a Campylobacter gastroenteritis, covering the on (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Reassure a parent about a toddler's bow legs and intoeing — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/angular-rotational-and-gait-variants) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: reassuring the parent of a two-year-old with physiologic genu varum and internal tibial torsion that the bowing and the intoeing are (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Reassure and counsel a parent after reducing a nursemaid's elbow — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/nursemaids-elbow-and-common-upper-limb-injury) — OSCE communication and counselling station: explaining to the parent of a two-year-old girl what a nursemaid's elbow is, why no X-ray is needed, what was just done at the bedside, (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Reassure and safety-net a transient synovitis diagnosis with a parent — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/transient-synovitis-and-the-irritable-hip) — OSCE communication and shared-decision station: explaining a diagnosis of transient synovitis of the hip to the parent of a five-year-old boy after septic arthritis has been exclud (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Scleroderma, mixed connective-tissue disease and overlap syndromes: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/scleroderma-mixed-connective-tissue-disease-and-overlap-syndromes) — Clinical long case of a six-year-old boy presenting with the linear scleroderma of the right lower limb, covering the recognition of the active localised disease, the Zulian classi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and macrophage activation syndrome: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-and-macrophage-activation-syndrome) — Clinical long case of a four-year-old girl with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis who develops macrophage activation syndrome, covering the ILAR classification, the 2016 MAS c (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Systemic lupus erythematosus: Case](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/systemic-lupus-erythematosus) — Clinical case of a 13-year-old girl with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with a malar rash, oral ulcers, non-erosive arthritis, autoimmune haemolytic anaemi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics - [Lead the rural safety plan for advocacy, policy and health-service design for rural children — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/advocacy-policy-and-health-service-design-for-rural-children) — OSCE station for advocacy, policy and health-service design for rural children. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for avoiding racism and institutional bias in child health — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/avoiding-racism-and-institutional-bias-in-child-health) — OSCE station for avoiding racism and institutional bias in child health. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for child protection in small and remote communities — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/child-protection-in-small-and-remote-communities) — OSCE station for child protection in small and remote communities. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for disaster, outbreak and public-health response for children — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/disaster-outbreak-and-public-health-response-for-children) — OSCE station for disaster, outbreak and public-health response for children. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for environmental, occupational and agricultural child health — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/environmental-occupational-and-agricultural-child-health) — OSCE station for environmental, occupational and agricultural child health. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for implementing culturally safe indigenous care in rural and remote services — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/implementing-culturally-safe-indigenous-care-in-rural-and-remote-services) — OSCE station for implementing culturally safe indigenous care in rural and remote services. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for refugee, immigrant and humanitarian paediatrics — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/refugee-immigrant-and-humanitarian-paediatrics) — OSCE station for refugee, immigrant and humanitarian paediatrics. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for remote prescribing and medication access — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/remote-prescribing-and-medication-access) — OSCE station for remote prescribing and medication access. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for retrieval coordination and transfer risk — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/retrieval-coordination-and-transfer-risk) — OSCE station for retrieval coordination and transfer risk. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for rural developmental, disability and mental-health care — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/rural-developmental-disability-and-mental-health-care) — OSCE station for rural developmental, disability and mental-health care. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for rural general paediatric practice and scope — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/rural-general-paediatric-practice-and-scope) — OSCE station for rural general paediatric practice and scope. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for rural newborn and acute paediatric care — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/rural-newborn-and-acute-paediatric-care) — OSCE station for rural newborn and acute paediatric care. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for stabilisation with limited paediatric resources — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/stabilisation-with-limited-paediatric-resources) — OSCE station for stabilisation with limited paediatric resources. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lead the rural safety plan for telepaediatrics and remote specialist support — OSCE](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/cases/telepaediatrics-and-remote-specialist-support) — OSCE station for telepaediatrics and remote specialist support. (exams=MRCPCH Clinical,RACP DCE,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ## Vivas (829) ### acute-care-resuscitation-and-toxicology - [ABCDE assessment and stabilisation of the acutely ill child — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/abcde-assessment-and-stabilisation-of-the-acutely-ill-child) — A branching viva following one acutely ill child from the doorway through recognise-and-call, a hands-on ABCDE primary survey that treats each threat as found, age-appropriate oxyg (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Airway assessment and basic airway management: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/airway-assessment-and-basic-airway-management) — Branching structured oral on paediatric airway assessment and basic airway management: the anatomy that makes children obstruct, airway manoeuvres and adjunct selection, two-person (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Altered conscious state in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/altered-conscious-state-in-children) — A branching viva following one child with an altered conscious state from the doorway through airway security, AVPU and an age-adapted Glasgow Coma Scale, the bedside glucose and D (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Burns assessment, resuscitation and safeguarding — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/burns-assessment-resuscitation-and-safeguarding) — A branching viva following one burned child from pre-alert through cooling, age-adjusted TBSA estimation, modified-Parkland fluid resuscitation titrated to urine output, recognitio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Button-battery and magnet ingestion — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/button-battery-and-magnet-ingestion) — A branching viva following one child with a suspected button-battery ingestion from the doorway through airway security, the localising radiograph and the halo sign, the two-hour e (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [By the product, not the symptom — household chemical exposure viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hydrocarbon-caustic-and-household-chemical-exposure) — A branching viva following one child who presents after a household chemical exposure, beginning as a suspected lamp-oil ingestion and then crossing into a caustic comparator. The (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Cardiogenic and obstructive shock: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cardiogenic-and-obstructive-shock) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric cardiogenic and obstructive shock: recognising the cold low-output phenotype, distinguishing pump failure from mechanical obstructi (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cardiorespiratory arrest and post-arrest care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cardiorespiratory-arrest-and-post-arrest-care) — Branching viva on paediatric cardiorespiratory arrest and post-arrest care: recognising the arrest, achieving return of spontaneous circulation, running the post-arrest bundle, and (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cardiotoxic and psychotropic medication poisoning — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cardiotoxic-and-psychotropic-medication-poisoning) — A branching viva following one adolescent who presents after a deliberate overdose of unknown tablets, through the reading of the ECG and the toxidrome, the choice of antidote (sod (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Care after death, unexpected child death and family support — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/care-after-death-unexpected-child-death-and-family-support) — Branching structured oral on the unexpected child death: the immediate care-after-death response, coronial referral and certification, the multi-agency SUDI investigation, breaking (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Difficult paediatric airway and emergency front-of-neck access — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/difficult-paediatric-airway-and-emergency-front-of-neck-access) — Branching viva on the difficult paediatric airway: anticipating and recognising difficulty, the recognise-oxygenate-escalate-rescue sequence, supraglottic-airway rescue, and emerge (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Envenomation and marine bites — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/envenomation-and-marine-bites) — Viva on the pressure-immobilisation first aid and antivenom management of a snake-bitten child, the venom-induced consumption coagulopathy pattern and recovery, the management of a (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Fluid bolus therapy and vasoactive support — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/fluid-bolus-therapy-and-vasoactive-support) — A branching viva following one shocked child through fluid bolus therapy with reassessment after each aliquot, the transition to vasoactive support for fluid-refractory shock, cold (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Heat illness, hypothermia and environmental emergencies — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/heat-illness-hypothermia-and-environmental-emergencies) — Viva on the recognition and rapid cooling of exertional heat stroke, the Swiss hypothermia staging and the rewarming ladder, the hypothermic-arrest defibrillation and drug rules, t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Humane restraint and behavioural support in emergency care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/humane-restraint-and-behavioural-support-in-emergency-care) — A branching cross-table viva on the management of a nine-year-old boy with autism and intellectual disability brought to the emergency department in acute behavioural disturbance. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Hypovolaemic and haemorrhagic shock — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hypovolaemic-and-haemorrhagic-shock) — A branching viva following one bleeding child from the doorway through recognition of compensated shock, bleeding control, activation of the paediatric massive transfusion protocol (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Initial stabilisation of major paediatric head injury — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/initial-stabilisation-of-major-paediatric-head-injury) — A branching viva following one child with severe traumatic brain injury from first contact through the neuroprotective primary survey, airway threshold, ventilation target, fluid s (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Iron, salicylate and toxic alcohol poisoning — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/iron-salicylate-and-toxic-alcohol-poisoning) — A branching viva following one adolescent who presents with a high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis after a deliberate overdose, through the recognition of the poison-specific signatur (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Major trauma and paediatric trauma systems — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/major-trauma-and-paediatric-trauma-systems) — A branching viva following one injured child from pre-alert through team-led primary survey that controls catastrophic haemorrhage first, protects the cervical spine, weight-based (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Mechanical ventilation principles in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/mechanical-ventilation-principles-in-children) — Branching viva from the definition of mechanical ventilation and its modes, through the lung-protective strategy and the PALICC-2 targets, the deteriorating ventilated child, liber (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Oesophageal and gastrointestinal foreign-body ingestion — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/oesophageal-and-gastrointestinal-foreign-body-ingestion) — A branching viva following one toddler after a suspected button-battery ingestion, from the doorway radiograph through emergency endoscopy timing, the honey demulcent adjunct and i (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Opioid, sedative and recreational-drug toxicity — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/opioid-sedative-and-recreational-drug-toxicity) — A branching viva following one adolescent from the recognition of opioid and recreational-drug toxicity through an ABCDE primary survey, naloxone titrated to effective ventilation (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Oxygen, high-flow and non-invasive respiratory support — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/oxygen-high-flow-and-non-invasive-respiratory-support) — Branching structured oral on selecting, dosing and escalating oxygen and non-invasive respiratory support in children. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paediatric basic and advanced life support — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paediatric-basic-and-advanced-life-support) — Viva on the paediatric basic life support sequence, high-quality CPR, the ALS loop with defibrillation and adrenaline, the reversible causes, and post-arrest temperature management (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paracetamol poisoning — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paracetamol-poisoning) — A branching viva following one child from the recognition of a significant paracetamol ingestion through the ingestion history, the four-hour nomogram decision, activated charcoal, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Poisoned child: structured assessment and decontamination — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/poisoned-child-structured-assessment-and-decontamination) — A branching viva following one poisoned child from the doorway through resuscitation before decontamination, the four-question ingestion history, reading the toxidrome, calling the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Rapid sequence intubation in children — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/rapid-sequence-intubation-in-children) — Branching structured oral on preparing for and performing rapid sequence intubation in children across different clinical scenarios. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Retrieval, transport and interfacility stabilisation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/retrieval-transport-and-interfacility-stabilisation) — A branching viva following one critically ill child through a rural retrieval: bringing intensive care to the child, completing pre-transport stabilisation, managing the physics of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Septic shock resuscitation and vasoactive support — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/septic-shock-resuscitation-and-vasoactive-support) — A branching viva following one child from the recognition of septic shock through the first-hour bundle of oxygen, access, reassessed fluid aliquots and antibiotics, the choice of (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Shock in children: physiology and classification — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/shock-in-children-physiology-and-classification) — A branching viva following one child from the doorway through recognising compensated shock from the whole child, explaining the compensation-to-collapse physiology, classifying se (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Submersion injury and hypothermia — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/submersion-injury-and-hypothermia) — Viva on the rescue-breath-first resuscitation of the drowned child, the Szpilman severity grades, the Swiss hypothermia staging, the rewarming ladder, and the defibrillation and dr (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine - [Adolescent chronic pain and functional symptoms — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adolescent-chronic-pain-and-functional-symptoms) — Branching viva on validating chronic pain, screening for red flags once, reframing with central sensitisation, co-building a function-first interdisciplinary plan, school reintegra (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent consent for research and sensitive services — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adolescent-consent-for-research-and-sensitive-services) — Branching viva on informed consent for research and sensitive services, assent and parental permission, waiver of parental permission, bedside capacity assessment, conditional conf (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent consultation, HEEADSSS and confidentiality — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adolescent-consultation-heeadsss-assessment-and-confidentiality) — Branching structured oral on visit structure, time alone, conditional confidentiality, HEEADSSS domains, validated screens, a suicide disclosure, a portal breach, and transition. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent health care for young people in out-of-home care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adolescent-health-care-for-young-people-in-out-of-home-care) — Branching viva on classification and consent authority, the toxic-stress mechanism, the entry-to-care assessment bundle, a lawful confidentiality override, and transition planning (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent health in rural and remote settings — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adolescent-health-in-rural-and-remote-settings) — Branching viva on the rural adolescent access gap, its mechanism, engineered confidentiality, the tiered service model, telehealth equity, and early retrieval activation. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent pregnancy and parenting — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adolescent-pregnancy-and-parenting) — Branching viva on pregnancy confirmation, options counselling, antenatal coordination, safeguarding, postpartum contraception and rapid repeat pregnancy prevention. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent risk assessment and harm minimisation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adolescent-risk-assessment-and-harm-minimisation) — Branching viva on harm-minimisation philosophy, HEADSS, validated screens, suicide safety, the domain harm-reduction bundle, and confidentiality overrides. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent sexual health and contraception — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adolescent-sexual-health-and-contraception) — Branching viva on private-time confidentiality, the 5 Ps, LARC-first method choice, dual protection, emergency contraception, a coercion disclosure and follow-up. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Adolescent substance-use screening, brief intervention and harm reduction — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adolescent-substance-use-screening-brief-intervention-and-harm-reduction) — Branching viva on universal substance-use screening (S2BI/CRAFFT), motivational-interviewing brief intervention, the fentanyl-era opioid harm-reduction bundle, vaping cessation, an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Chronic disease self-management in young people — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/chronic-disease-self-management-in-young-people) — Branching viva on chronic-disease self-management: adherence assessment, transition readiness, motivational interviewing, the acute non-adherence crisis, and the transfer cliff. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Consent and confidential care for adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/consent-and-confidential-care-for-adolescents) — Branching viva on informed consent, decision-making capacity, conditional confidentiality, lawful override and electronic-record confidentiality. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Digital media, gaming and cyberbullying — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/digital-media-gaming-and-cyberbullying) — Branching viva on classifying digital-media risk, cyberbullying and suicidality, internet gaming disorder, online sexual exploitation, and the harm-reduction vs abstinence-only sta (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Dysmenorrhoea and heavy menstrual bleeding — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/dysmenorrhoea-and-heavy-menstrual-bleeding) — Branching viva from the adolescent with primary dysmenorrhoea through the management ladder, the heavy-from-menarche adolescent and the bleeding-disease screen, the secondary-cause (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Eating disorders: recognition and medical instability — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/eating-disorders-recognition-and-medical-instability) — Branching viva on recognising an eating disorder, applying SCOFF, quantifying medical instability, triaging red flags, and defending admission and multidisciplinary care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Eating disorders: refeeding and multidisciplinary care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/eating-disorders-refeeding-and-multidisciplinary-care) — Branching viva on refeeding-syndrome risk stratification, micronutrient and electrolyte management, higher-calorie refeeding evidence, family-based treatment and multidisciplinary- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Gender diversity and gender-affirming paediatric care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/gender-diversity-and-gender-affirming-paediatric-care) — Branching viva on the four concepts, the staged reversible-first pathway, pubertal suppression at Tanner 2, bone-health and fertility surveillance, conversion-effort prohibition, a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Medication adherence and treatment fatigue — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/medication-adherence-and-treatment-fatigue) — Branching viva on adherence definition and phases, multimodal measurement, treatment fatigue, the tailored intervention, and an acute transplant non-adherence scenario with a confi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Menstrual disorders in adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/menstrual-disorders-in-adolescents) — Branching viva on normal cycle thresholds, PALM-COEIN classification, the heavy menstrual bleeding work-up, refractory dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea and confidentiality. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Normal puberty and adolescent development — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/normal-puberty-and-adolescent-development) — Branching viva on pubertal physiology, Tanner staging, the normal sequence, normal variants, and the referral thresholds for abnormal timing. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Obesity and body-image concerns in adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/obesity-and-body-image-concerns-in-adolescents) — Branching viva on BMI classification with adult crossover, comorbidity and body-image screening, staged weight-neutral management, severe-obesity escalation to pharmacotherapy and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-in-adolescents) — Branching viva on Rotterdam diagnostic criteria with adolescent modification, mimic exclusion, lifestyle-first management, symptom-directed pharmacotherapy, and metabolic and menta (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [School refusal, bullying and social exclusion — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/school-refusal-bullying-and-social-exclusion) — Branching viva on the three overlapping drivers of adolescent school disengagement: formulation, bully-role assessment, suicide risk, graded return and SSRI evidence. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sexual orientation, identity and inclusive care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/sexual-orientation-identity-and-inclusive-care) — Branching structured oral on the axes of orientation and identity, the minority-stress model, affirming history-taking, behaviour-based screening, confidentiality, family acceptanc (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sexually transmitted infection screening and management — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/sexually-transmitted-infection-screening-and-management) — Branching viva on confidential adolescent STI care: 5 P's history, site-based testing, pregnancy-aware treatment, partner services, rescreening and red-flag escalation. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sleep, fatigue and circadian disorders in adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/sleep-fatigue-and-circadian-disorders-in-adolescents) — Branching viva on adolescent sleep physiology, the differential of the tired teenager, delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, insomnia, and the recognition of narcolepsy and other red (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Tobacco, vaping and nicotine dependence — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/tobacco-vaping-and-nicotine-dependence) — Branching viva on adolescent nicotine dependence as a biological process, the 5 A's, validated dependence grading, pharmacotherapy, EVALI recognition, and the gateway association. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Transition readiness and transfer from paediatric to adult care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/transition-readiness-and-transfer-from-paediatric-to-adult-health-services) — Viva on structured transition, readiness assessment, the transfer package and rescue of the lost young adult. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Youth violence, risky behaviour and injury prevention — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/youth-violence-risky-behaviour-and-injury-prevention) — Branching viva on the public-health approach, prevention tiering, lethal-means counselling, dating-violence safety, and confidentiality overrides. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### allergy-and-immunology - [Allergic disease in children: integrated approach: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/allergic-disease-in-children-integrated-approach) — Branching structured oral on the integrated allergic child: classifying IgE versus non-IgE disease, the shared Th2 mechanism and the atopic march, the anaphylaxis diagnosis and int (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/allergic-rhinitis-and-rhinoconjunctivitis) — Branching clinical structured oral on the assessment, ARIA classification and stepwise management of a school-aged child with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Anaphylaxis prevention, action plans and autoinjectors — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/anaphylaxis-prevention-action-plans-and-autoinjectors) — Branching structured-oral viva on the community anaphylaxis prevention package: the pharmacology of adrenaline and why the intramuscular outer-thigh route, the weight-band transiti (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Anaphylaxis: recognition and emergency management — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/anaphylaxis-recognition-and-emergency-management) — Branching structured-oral viva on anaphylaxis: the mediator cascade and why adrenaline reverses it, the NIAID/FAAN criteria and the no-skin-signs pitfall, the weight/age IM adrenal (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Antibody deficiencies — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/antibody-deficiencies) — Branching viva on antibody deficiencies in children: recognising the recurrent-infection pattern that earns an immunoglobulin work-up, interpreting the work-up functionally with a (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/atopic-dermatitis-and-the-atopic-march) — Branching clinical structured oral on the assessment, barrier-and-Th2 pathophysiology and stepwise management of an infant with atopic dermatitis and the atopic march. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Complement deficiencies — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/complement-deficiencies) — Branching viva on complement deficiencies in children: recognising the three clinical fingerprints that earn a complement work-up, screening with CH50 and AP50, localising the bloc (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Cow's-milk protein allergy — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cows-milk-protein-allergy) — Branching viva on cow's-milk protein allergy: separating the immediate IgE-mediated from the delayed non-IgE-mediated phenotype, clearing the anaphylaxis gate, confirming the diagn (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Drug allergy and delabelling in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/drug-allergy-and-delabelling-in-children) — Branching structured-oral viva on drug allergy and delabelling in children: the false-label problem, Gell-Coombs classification and the one-hour immediate-versus-delayed threshold, (exams=RACP Allergy and Clinical Immunology,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Egg, wheat, soy, fish and shellfish allergy: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/egg-wheat-soy-fish-and-shellfish-allergy) — Branching structured oral on paediatric egg, wheat, soy, fish and shellfish allergy: distinguishing IgE from non-IgE mechanisms, the signature allergen proteins and heat-stability, (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Food allergy diagnosis and oral food challenge — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/food-allergy-diagnosis-and-oral-food-challenge) — Branching viva on the diagnostic approach to food allergy: structured history, SPT and specific IgE thresholds, component-resolved diagnostics, oral food challenge protocol and saf (exams=RACP DCE,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Food allergy management and prevention — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/food-allergy-management-and-prevention) — Branching viva on acute food-allergy management, adrenaline dosing, biphasic risk, and early-allergen-introduction prevention in a high-risk infant. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Immune dysregulation, lymphoproliferation and autoinflammatory disease — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/immune-dysregulation-lymphoproliferation-and-autoinflammatory-disease) — Branching structured oral on the three-mechanism framework, the HLH/MAS threat gate, and pathway-targeted therapy for monogenic immune dysregulation, lymphoproliferation and autoin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Immunoglobulin replacement and antimicrobial prophylaxis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/immunoglobulin-replacement-and-antimicrobial-prophylaxis) — Branching viva on confirming the indication for immunoglobulin replacement, choosing the route, dosing to outcome, and layering antimicrobial prophylaxis in a child with antibody d (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Insect-sting hypersensitivity — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/insect-sting-hypersensitivity) — Branching structured-oral viva on insect-sting (Hymenoptera venom) hypersensitivity: the IgE mast-cell mediator cascade and why adrenaline reverses it, the reaction spectrum and wh (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Latex allergy — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/latex-allergy) — Branching viva on latex reaction classification, the Hev b component framework, intraoperative anaphylaxis, latex-fruit syndrome, and primary prevention. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Oral allergy syndrome and pollen-food syndrome — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/oral-allergy-syndrome-and-pollen-food-syndrome) — Branching viva on the cross-reactive mechanism, phenotype classification, fresh-food and component diagnostics, and the low-risk versus systemic-risk management fork. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Peanut, tree-nut and seed allergy — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/peanut-tree-nut-and-seed-allergy) — Structured oral on IgE-mediated nut and seed allergy: anaphylaxis first-line therapy, the LEAP prevention evidence, component-resolved diagnostics versus sensitisation, and oral im (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Phagocyte disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/phagocyte-disorders) — Branching structured-oral viva on phagocyte disorders: why a defective NADPH oxidase abolishes the respiratory burst so catalase-positive organisms survive, the CGD organism cluste (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Primary immunodeficiency: warning signs and diagnostic approach — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/primary-immunodeficiency-warning-signs-and-diagnostic-approach) — Branching structured-oral viva on primary immunodeficiency: the Jeffrey Modell warning signs and the pattern-not-frequency principle, the IUIS 2022 classification and the immune-ar (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Secondary immunodeficiency — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/secondary-immunodeficiency) — Branching viva on secondary immunodeficiency in children: recognising that acquired immune failure is commoner than primary, sorting the cause into the six mechanism-based categori (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Serum sickness and serum-sickness-like reactions — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/serum-sickness-and-serum-sickness-like-reactions) — A branching viva following the serum-sickness picture across the clinical spectrum, from a cefaclor SSLR in a young child, through the differentiation from a viral exanthem and the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [T-cell and combined immunodeficiencies — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/t-cell-and-combined-immunodeficiencies) — Branching structured-oral viva on T-cell and combined immunodeficiencies: why loss of T cells collapses the whole adaptive immune system, the SCID immunophenotypes and their leadin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Urticaria and angioedema — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/urticaria-and-angioedema) — A branching viva following the question of urticaria and angioedema across the clinical spectrum, from acute viral-triggered urticaria in a young child, through chronic spontaneous (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Vaccination of immunocompromised children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/vaccination-of-immunocompromised-children) — Branching viva on vaccinating the immunocompromised child: the threat gate that excludes a combined T-cell defect before any live vaccine, sorting each vaccine into live-attenuated (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### cardiology - [Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-rheumatic-fever-and-rheumatic-heart-disease) — Branching viva on acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: applying the revised Jones criteria, recognising subclinical carditis on echo, confirming the streptococcal lin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Adult congenital heart disease transition — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adult-congenital-heart-disease-transition) — Branching viva on the transition of the adolescent with congenital heart disease to lifelong adult ACHD care: defining transition as a process, building and measuring readiness, ma (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Aortic and pulmonary stenosis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/aortic-and-pulmonary-stenosis) — Branching viva on aortic and pulmonary stenosis: classifying the obstruction by anatomic level, grading severity by echo peak gradient, recognising the duct-dependent critical neon (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/atrial-septal-defect-and-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return) — Branching viva on atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return: recognising the wide fixed split second heart sound, confirming and quantifying the shunt with (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Atrioventricular septal defect — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/atrioventricular-septal-defect) — Branching structured oral on a four-month-old girl with Down syndrome and a complete atrioventricular septal defect, testing anatomy, the ECG, timing of surgery, and the long-term (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Bradyarrhythmias, heart block and pacing — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/bradyarrhythmias-heart-block-and-pacing) — Branching viva on paediatric bradyarrhythmias, atrioventricular block and pacing: the ECG classification of AV block and the Mobitz I versus Mobitz II distinction, congenital compl (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiac transplantation and ventricular assist devices — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cardiac-transplantation-and-ventricular-assist-devices) — Branching viva from the definition of transplantation and ventricular assist devices through the three-axis classification, the INTERMACS urgency profiles, the Berlin Heart EXCOR e (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiogenic shock and mechanical circulatory support — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cardiogenic-shock-and-mechanical-circulatory-support) — Branching viva from the school-age child who presents in compensated cardiogenic shock after a viral illness, through the cautious-fluid and inotrope resuscitation and the SCAI sta (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiomyopathies in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cardiomyopathies-in-children) — Branching viva from the definition and morphological classification of the paediatric cardiomyopathies, through the hypertrophic sudden-death lane, the dilated heart-failure and tr (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cardiovascular examination and murmur assessment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cardiovascular-examination-and-murmur-assessment) — Branching viva on the systematic paediatric cardiovascular examination, the innocent-versus-pathological murmur decision, the four-limb blood pressure and pre- and post-ductal satu (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Coarctation and interrupted aortic arch — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/coarctation-and-interrupted-aortic-arch) — Branching viva from the neonate who collapses on day three of life with weak femoral pulses, through the prostaglandin-E1-first resuscitation rule, the ductal-dependent mechanism, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Congenital coronary anomalies and ALCAPA — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-coronary-anomalies-and-anomalous-left-coronary-artery) — Branching viva on congenital coronary anomalies: the recognition and pathophysiology of ALCAPA in the infant, the echocardiographic definition of coronary origin and course, the su (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cyanotic newborn and critical congenital heart disease screening — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cyanotic-newborn-and-critical-congenital-heart-disease-screening) — Branching viva on the cyanotic newborn: interpreting the pulse-oximetry screen, starting prostaglandin E1 before the echocardiogram, separating cyanotic congenital heart disease fr (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Duct-dependent congenital heart disease: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/duct-dependent-congenital-heart-disease-recognition-and-stabilisation) — Branching clinical structured oral on duct-dependent congenital heart disease: recognising a well baby collapsing on day 3 with cyanosis and shock, the two-pathway split, emergency (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/ebstein-anomaly-and-tricuspid-valve-disease) — Branching viva from the cyanosed neonate with a wall-to-wall heart, through the prostaglandin-E1-first resuscitation rule, the GOSE-scored severity triage and the cone-versus-Starn (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Exercise evaluation and sports participation in heart disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/exercise-evaluation-and-sports-participation-in-heart-disease) — Branching viva on exercise evaluation and sports participation in heart disease: the red-flag exertional history and family history that halt clearance, the Mitchell dynamic x stat (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Heart failure in infants and children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/heart-failure-in-infants-and-children) — Branching viva from the definition of paediatric heart failure through the modified Ross classification, the three mechanisms, the four-to-eight-week overcirculation window, the ca (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypertension in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hypertension-in-children) — Branching viva from the school health check with an elevated blood pressure, through the confirmation rule and the ambulatory study, the primary-versus-secondary stratification, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypoplastic left heart syndrome — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hypoplastic-left-heart-syndrome) — Branching viva from the neonate who collapses on day three of life with uniformly weak pulses, through the prostaglandin-E1-first resuscitation rule, the ductal-dependent mechanism (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Infective endocarditis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/infective-endocarditis) — Branching viva from the febrile child with a new murmur and congenital heart disease, through the Modified Duke criteria and the culture-before-antibiotic discipline, the empirical (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Innocent murmurs and normal paediatric cardiovascular variants — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/innocent-murmurs-and-normal-paediatric-cardiovascular-variants) — Branching structured oral examination on a child referred with a heart murmur. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Kawasaki disease and coronary complications — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/kawasaki-disease-and-coronary-complications) — Branching viva on Kawasaki disease: the clinical criteria and incomplete disease, the ten-day IVIG and aspirin window, IVIG-resistant disease and its escalation, coronary z-score g (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Long-QT syndrome and channelopathies — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/long-qt-syndrome-and-channelopathies) — Branching viva on long-QT syndrome and channelopathies: the three cardinal genotypes and their triggers, the Schwartz diagnostic score and manual QTc measurement, the beta-blocker- (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Myocarditis and pericarditis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/myocarditis-and-pericarditis) — Branching viva from the school-age child with acute chest pain and a raised troponin after a viral illness, through the diagnostic triad of troponin, electrocardiogram and echocard (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Patent ductus arteriosus — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/patent-ductus-arteriosus) — A structured oral (viva) on the congenital patent ductus arteriosus: the closing murmur, the management ladder, and the Eisenmenger boundary, with examiner prompts and model answer (exams=RACP DCE,RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP Pediatric Cardiology,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome) — Branching viva from the definition and the standing-test threshold, through the cardiac-exclusion step and the ECG-for-every-child rule, to the three phenotypes and the stepwise ma (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Pulmonary hypertension in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pulmonary-hypertension-in-children) — Branching viva on pulmonary hypertension in children: the haemodynamic definition, the WHO classification, the echocardiographic and catheter-based diagnosis, the three drug pathwa (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Supraventricular tachycardia — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/supraventricular-tachycardia) — Branching viva on paediatric supraventricular tachycardia: the mechanisms and classification, the acute termination ladder, the ECG hallmarks of AVNRT and WPW, long-term management (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Syncope and orthostatic intolerance — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/syncope-and-orthostatic-intolerance) — Branching viva from the adolescent who faints in assembly with a classic prodrome, through the cardiac red-flag screen and the ECG-for-every-child rule, to the boy who collapses sp (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Tetralogy of Fallot — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/tetralogy-of-fallot) — Branching viva on tetralogy of Fallot: the unifying embryologic fault, the hypercyanotic spell and its management, the diagnostic strategy, primary repair and the transannular patc (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection) — Branching viva on total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: the cyanosed neonate with pulmonary oedema, the Darling classification, the echocardiographic diagnosis, the obstruct (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Transposition of the great arteries — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/transposition-of-the-great-arteries) — Branching viva on transposition of the great arteries: the parallel-circulation problem in the neonate, the resuscitation trio of prostaglandin E1, balloon atrial septostomy and ar (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Truncus arteriosus and single-ventricle physiology — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/truncus-arteriosus-and-single-ventricle-physiology) — Branching viva from the four-week-old cyanotic infant who has developed heart failure with bounding pulses and a single second sound, through the truncus bedside diagnosis, the fal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/ventricular-arrhythmias-and-sudden-cardiac-death) — Branching viva on ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in children: the rhythm classification and four SCD cause families, the acute resuscitation of pulseless VT and V (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ventricular septal defect — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/ventricular-septal-defect) — Branching viva from the recognition of the VSD murmur through the anatomic and haemodynamic classification, the four-to-eight-week heart-failure physiology, the device-versus-surge (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) ### child-safety-and-social-paediatrics - [Abusive head trauma — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/abusive-head-trauma) — Branching viva on recognising abusive head trauma, building the probability of inflicted injury, the imaging and workup strategy, safeguarding and mandatory reporting, the medical (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Caregiver-fabricated or induced illness — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/caregiver-fabricated-or-induced-illness) — Branching viva on recognising caregiver-fabricated or induced illness, the child-centred definition, the RCPCH alerting features, distinguishing FII from a perplexing presentation (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Child maltreatment recognition and response — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/child-maltreatment-recognition-and-response) — Branching structured-oral viva on recognising and responding to child maltreatment: the sentinel injury, the TEN-4-FBCP bruising rule, the abusive-head-trauma workup, the mandatory (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Child sexual abuse and assault assessment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/child-sexual-abuse-and-assault-assessment) — Branching viva on the tempo of the assessment, the normal examination, finding interpretation against the Adams consensus, the acute bundle with time-limited elements, and the conf (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Children in out-of-home care and foster care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/children-in-out-of-home-care-and-foster-care) — Branching viva on placement and legal-status classification, consent authority, the toxic-stress mechanism and attachment, the entry-to-care assessment bundle, a lawful confidentia (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Expert reports and court evidence in child protection — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/expert-reports-and-court-evidence-in-child-protection) — Branching structured oral on expert reports and court evidence in child protection: the witness-of-fact versus expert-witness distinction, the duty to the court, the report structu (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Female genital mutilation or cutting — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/female-genital-mutilation-or-cutting) — Branching viva on the WHO classification, the at-risk girl and prevention, acute complication management, the deinfibulation pathway for Type III, and the mandatory-reporting and s (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Homelessness and housing instability — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/homelessness-and-housing-instability) — Branching structured oral on homelessness and housing instability as a paediatric health problem: the housing continuum and the vital-sign screening principle, the five domains of (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Inflicted abdominal and thoracic injury — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/inflicted-abdominal-and-thoracic-injury) — Structured oral on high-specificity inflicted trunk injury patterns, the occult-injury screen, concurrent trauma-and-safeguarding management, and the CPR rib-fracture myth. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Inflicted burns and scalds — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/inflicted-burns-and-scalds) — Branching viva on pattern-based recognition of inflicted immersion scalds, the BuRN-Tool decision rule, co-existing injury assessment, the mandatory safeguarding pathway, and the t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Inflicted fractures and other non-accidental musculoskeletal injury — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/inflicted-fractures-and-other-non-accidental-musculoskeletal-injury) — Branching viva on the high-specificity fracture patterns, the shearing biomechanics of the classic metaphyseal lesion and the lever mechanism of the posterior rib fracture, the man (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Intimate partner violence and its impact on children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/intimate-partner-violence-and-its-impact-on-children) — Branching viva on recognising IPV exposure in children, the toxic-stress mechanism and co-occurrence with maltreatment, the trauma-informed assessment and safety bundle, the manage (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Intra-oral injury and occult trauma — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/intra-oral-injury-and-occult-trauma) — Branching viva on recognising inflicted intra-oral injury, the TEN-4 FACES-B bruising rule, the occult-trauma screen (skeletal survey, neuroimaging, ophthalmology, transaminases), (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Kinship care, adoption and permanency health assessments — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/kinship-care-adoption-and-permanency-health-assessments) — Branching structured oral on the health assessment of children in out-of-home care: the staged assessment schedule, consent and guardianship, developmental trauma, placement stabil (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Mandatory reporting and jurisdictional child-protection frameworks — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/mandatory-reporting-and-jurisdictional-child-protection-frameworks) — Branching structured oral on mandatory reporting and jurisdictional child-protection frameworks: the reasonable-belief threshold, the recognise-to-report pathway, jurisdictional va (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Medical neglect and refusal of care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/medical-neglect-and-refusal-of-care) — Branching viva on the omission-versus-rejection definitions, the Diekema harm-principle threshold, the four classic refusal scenarios (vaccines, vitamin K, Jehovah's Witness blood (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,MRCPCH Theory,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Multidisciplinary child-protection case conference — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/multidisciplinary-child-protection-case-conference) — Branching structured oral on the multidisciplinary child-protection case conference: conference types and statutory purpose, the paediatrician's written report and verbal presentat (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neglect and supervisory neglect — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neglect-and-supervisory-neglect) — Branching viva on the omission-versus-commission definition, the six domains, the supervision-and-injury evidence, separating neglect from poverty, the SEEK-model prevention eviden (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Online sexual exploitation and image-based abuse — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/online-sexual-exploitation-and-image-based-abuse) — Branching viva on recognising online sexual exploitation, the grooming-to-sextortion mechanism, acute-suicide-risk-first assessment, evidence preservation, the dual reporting pathw (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Perplexing presentations and diagnostic uncertainty — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/perplexing-presentations-and-diagnostic-uncertainty) — Branching viva on the child whose reported symptoms do not fit any recognised disease: the RCPCH three-level escalation, the three-limb parallel differential, the judicious investi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Photodocumentation and medicolegal evidence — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/photodocumentation-and-medicolegal-evidence) — Branching viva on injury photodocumentation, the three-shot rule, scale and labelling standards, secure storage and chain of custody, the fact-versus-opinion distinction, and court (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Physical abuse: bruising and sentinel injuries — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/physical-abuse-bruising-and-sentinel-injuries) — Branching viva on inflicted bruising, the TEN-4 FACES-L rule, sentinel injuries, the bleeding-disorder differential, skeletal survey and the safeguarding pathway. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Poisoning as maltreatment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/poisoning-as-maltreatment) — Branching viva on recognising poisoning as maltreatment, Rosenberg's triad, the toxicology and separation workup, the stepped multi-agency safeguarding pathway, the salt and insuli (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Poverty, food insecurity and social prescribing — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/poverty-food-insecurity-and-social-prescribing) — Branching viva on the classification of material hardship, the toxic-stress mechanism, universal screening with the Hunger Vital Sign, the five-step social-prescribing pathway, dia (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Prevention of child maltreatment and family support — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/prevention-of-child-maltreatment-and-family-support) — Branching structured-oral viva on preventing child maltreatment and supporting families: the three levels of prevention, the WHO INSPIRE strategies, the Nurse-Family Partnership an (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Psychological and emotional abuse — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/psychological-and-emotional-abuse) — Branching viva on psychological and emotional abuse: Glaser's conceptual framework and the APSAC categories, the toxic-stress cascade and ACE dose-response mechanism, recognising t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Refugee, asylum-seeking and newly arrived children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/refugee-asylum-seeking-and-newly-arrived-children) — Branching viva on migration-status classification, guardianship and consent, the interpreter rule, the forced-displacement toxic-stress mechanism, the on-arrival screening bundle, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Sexually transmitted infections and child sexual abuse — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/sexually-transmitted-infections-and-child-sexual-abuse) — Branching viva on grading an STI as evidence of sexual contact, the trauma-informed forensic evaluation, the evidence window, HIV post-exposure prophylaxis, mandated reporting and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Strangulation, suffocation and asphyxial injury — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/strangulation-suffocation-and-asphyxial-injury) — Branching viva on recognising and classifying strangulation, suffocation and asphyxial injury; the infant-vulnerability anatomy and the petechial-haemorrhage reality check; resusci (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Trafficking, exploitation and forced marriage — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/trafficking-exploitation-and-forced-marriage) — Branching structured oral on trafficking, exploitation and forced marriage: the Palermo definition and the principle that a child cannot consent to exploitation, the red-flag prese (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Trauma-informed examination and forensic documentation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/trauma-informed-examination-and-forensic-documentation) — Branching viva on the trauma-informed approach to the medical examination, the neurobiology of the threat response, the single trained forensic interview, the documentation standar (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Youth justice and detained young people — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/youth-justice-and-detained-young-people) — Branching structured oral on the health of justice-involved and detained young people: the equivalence-of-care principle, the entry-screening pathway, the clustered health needs, s (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### clinical-assessment-and-reasoning - [Age-specific normal vital signs and physiological ranges — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/age-specific-normal-vital-signs-and-physiological-ranges) — Branching viva. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Care of children with medical complexity and technology dependence — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/care-of-children-with-medical-complexity-and-technology-dependence) — Branching viva from ED deterioration of a technology-dependent child through CMC definition, device-versus-disease reasoning, emergency plans, PMCA, caregiver burden, handoffs and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Clinical reasoning, problem representation and differential diagnosis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/clinical-reasoning-problem-representation-and-differential-diagnosis) — Branching viva on paediatric problem representation, flexible differentials, cognitive traps, complex-child reasoning and residual-risk handover. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Continuity of care and the paediatric medical home — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/continuity-of-care-and-the-paediatric-medical-home) — Branching viva on continuity domains, medical-home coordination, ED loop closure, complex care and transition. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental surveillance — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/developmental-surveillance-and-milestone-assessment) — Viva on surveillance, milestones, M-CHAT-R/F and referral. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Diagnostic test selection and Bayesian reasoning in paediatrics — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/diagnostic-test-selection-and-bayesian-reasoning-in-paediatrics) — Branching viva on pre-test probability, likelihood ratios, selective paediatric testing, contaminated samples and residual-risk communication. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Failure to thrive and faltering growth: diagnostic approach — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/failure-to-thrive-and-faltering-growth-diagnostic-approach) — Branching structured oral on faltering growth diagnostic approach. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Fatigue and lethargy in children and adolescents — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/fatigue-and-lethargy-in-children-and-adolescents) — Branching structured oral on fatigue and lethargy in children and adolescents. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Growth measurement, charting and interpretation — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/growth-measurement-charting-and-interpretation) — Branching viva. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Handover, referral and consultation in paediatrics — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/handover-referral-and-consultation-in-paediatrics) — Branching viva on I-PASS, ISBAR consult craft, closed-loop resuscitation talk, complex-child transfer and interpreter-safe handoff. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Illness severity, deterioration and track-and-trigger systems — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/illness-severity-deterioration-and-track-and-trigger-systems) — Branching viva from a ward PEWS rise through incomplete observations, caregiver concern, ABCDE response, EPOCH evidence, RRS design, retrieval and safeguarding. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Incidental findings and overdiagnosis in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/incidental-findings-and-overdiagnosis-in-children) — Branching viva on paediatric incidental findings, overdiagnosis definitions, cascade control, continuous monitoring, label harm and residual-risk communication. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Interpreting common paediatric laboratory reference ranges — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/interpreting-common-paediatric-laboratory-reference-ranges) — Branching viva on paediatric laboratory reference intervals, developmental analytes and critical-value safety. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Lymphadenopathy and organomegaly: diagnostic approach — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/lymphadenopathy-and-organomegaly-diagnostic-approach) — Branching structured oral on lymphadenopathy and organomegaly. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Medication reconciliation and polypharmacy in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/medication-reconciliation-and-polypharmacy-in-children) — Branching viva on BPMH, discrepancy priority, CMC polypharmacy, liquid dosing and discharge safety. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Multimorbidity and diagnostic overshadowing in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/multimorbidity-and-diagnostic-overshadowing-in-children) — A branching viva following one multimorbid child from a behavioural label through baseline, diagnostic pause, pain search, polypharmacy safety, residual-risk handover and dispositi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Oedema in children: diagnostic approach — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/oedema-in-children-diagnostic-approach) — Branching structured oral on paediatric oedema diagnostic approach. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Paediatric history and age-adapted consultation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paediatric-history-and-age-adapted-consultation) — Branching viva on multi-party paediatric history, adolescent confidentiality, interpreters, trauma-informed technique, teach-back and safety-netting. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Pallor in children: diagnostic approach — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pallor-in-children-diagnostic-approach) — Branching structured oral on paediatric pallor diagnostic approach. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Poor feeding in infants and children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/poor-feeding-in-infants-and-children) — Branching viva on threat-first neonatal poor feeding, feed observation, cardiac and aspiration mimics, PFD/ARFID framing and tube exit plans. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Recognising the seriously ill child and paediatric assessment triangle — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/recognising-the-seriously-ill-child-and-paediatric-assessment-triangle) — A branching viva following one seriously ill child from the doorway through PAT, age-adapted ABCDE, reassessment, retrieval, safeguarding, handover and disposition, with evidence a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-10) - [Safe disposition, escalation, referral and safety-netting — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/safe-disposition-escalation-referral-and-safety-netting) — Branching viva from contested ED/ward disposition through caregiver concern, I-PASS handover, safety-netting content, retrieval and discharge-system design. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Shared-care planning across primary, secondary and tertiary care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/shared-care-planning-across-primary-secondary-and-tertiary-care) — Branching viva on shared-care definitions, parent intermediaries, closed-loop co-management, oncology hub-and-spoke and transition. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Structured physical examination from newborn to adolescent — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/structured-physical-examination-from-newborn-to-adolescent) — Branching structured oral from a toddler short-case through newborn hips and eyes, adolescent chaperone decisions, measurement technique and safeguarding bruises. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Telehealth assessment and remote examination of children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/telehealth-assessment-and-remote-examination-of-children) — Branching viva on paediatric telehealth suitability, remote exam limits, EMS activation, stewardship and equity. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Weight loss in children and adolescents — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/weight-loss-in-children-and-adolescents) — Branching structured oral on paediatric and adolescent weight loss. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) ### clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics - [Adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adverse-drug-reactions-and-pharmacovigilance) — Branching viva on ADR definition and classification, paediatric epidemiology, causality and severity assessment, management of anaphylaxis and severe cutaneous reactions, and the p (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Analgesics and antipyretics — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/analgesics-and-antipyretics) — A branching viva following one febrile, uncomfortable child through the choice of analgesic and antipyretic, the weight-based calculation of a paracetamol and ibuprofen dose with t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Cardiovascular medicines in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cardiovascular-medicines-in-children) — Branching viva on cardiovascular medicines in children: the prostaglandin E1 resuscitative plan for a duct-dependent neonate, the adenosine response to a compromised tachycardic ch (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chemotherapy and supportive pharmacology — formative viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/chemotherapy-and-supportive-pharmacology) — A MedVellum formative branching structured oral on chemotherapy and supportive pharmacology in children, following a child on a doxorubicin and cisplatin regimen through dexrazoxan (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Complementary, alternative and traditional medicines — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/complementary-alternative-and-traditional-medicines) — Branching oral examination on the five CAM domains, prevalence and non-disclosure, the four pathways to harm (heavy-metal contamination, herb-drug interactions, misidentification, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Corticosteroid therapy and adverse effects — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/corticosteroid-therapy-and-adverse-effects) — Branching viva on corticosteroid therapy in children: stating the equivalent-dose ladder and choosing the acute asthma dose, recognising adrenal suppression in a child on long-term (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Developmental pharmacology and age-related pharmacokinetics — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/developmental-pharmacology-and-age-related-pharmacokinetics) — Viva on ADME ontogeny across paediatric development, the classic neonatal toxicities, and the principles of maturation-adjusted paediatric prescribing. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Drug interactions and medication reconciliation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/drug-interactions-and-medication-reconciliation) — A branching viva following one child from a new prescription through anticipating a cytochrome P450-mediated interaction, predicting the direction and timing of inhibition and indu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Endocrine and diabetes medicines — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/endocrine-and-diabetes-medicines) — Branching viva on diabetic ketoacidosis insulin and fluid prescribing, a neonatal levothyroxine start, growth hormone dose and safety surveillance, and an adolescent insulin regime (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Immunosuppressive and biologic therapies — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/immunosuppressive-and-biologic-therapies) — A branching viva following one child from the decision to start methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis through the weekly dose and folic acid, the full-blood-count and liver (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Inhaled therapies and device selection — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/inhaled-therapies-and-device-selection) — Branching viva on inhaled therapies and device selection in children: choosing the device by the age-based ladder, defending why a spacer is essential for pressurised-inhaler deliv (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Medication adherence and formulation challenges — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/medication-adherence-and-formulation-challenges) — Branching oral examination on the dimensions of adherence, the formulation gap and palatability science, age-appropriate formulation choice, excipient safety in neonates, the stepw (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Off-label and unlicensed medicine use — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/off-label-and-unlicensed-medicine-use) — Branching oral examination on the licensed/off-label/unlicensed distinction, the paediatric evidence gap, the safe-use governance pathway, adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigila (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Opioids and acute pain medicines — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/opioids-and-acute-pain-medicines) — A branching viva following one child from post-tonsillectomy analgesia through the codeine contraindication and the CYP2D6 prodrug mechanism, on to building a safe weight-based mor (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Pharmacogenomics and precision therapeutics — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pharmacogenomics-and-precision-therapeutics) — Branching viva on pharmacogenomics in children: designing a TPMT and NUDT15-guided thiopurine plan, applying the HLA-B star 15 colon 02 screen before carbamazepine in a child of As (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Poisoning antidotes and toxicology pharmacology — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/poisoning-antidotes-and-toxicology-pharmacology) — A branching viva following one child from a reduced level of consciousness through the toxidrome-driven antidote decision, the N-acetylcysteine regimen for paracetamol, naloxone ti (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Procedural sedation medicines — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/procedural-sedation-medicines) — Viva on procedural sedation medicines in children, centred on ketamine for a painful reduction, fasting, monitoring, and an adverse event. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Renal and hepatic dose adjustment in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/renal-and-hepatic-dose-adjustment-in-children) — Branching viva on bedside Schwartz eGFR and renal dose adjustment, Child-Pugh grading and hepatic dose adjustment, vancomycin therapeutic monitoring, and the transition of estimati (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Safe prescribing, administration and monitoring — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/safe-prescribing-administration-and-monitoring) — Viva on safe prescribing, administration and monitoring of medicines in children, centred on a medication error and a therapeutic level. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Therapeutic drug monitoring — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/therapeutic-drug-monitoring) — Branching viva on therapeutic drug monitoring in children: choosing the vancomycin area-under-the-curve target and sampling time, recognising augmented renal clearance in PICU, and (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Vaccines and immunobiology — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/vaccines-and-immunobiology) — A branching viva following one family from the routine scheduled vaccination of a premature infant, through the live-versus-inactivated distinction and the four-week spacing rule, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Weight-based dosing, body-surface area and dose calculation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/weight-based-dosing-body-surface-area-and-dose-calculation) — A branching viva following one child whose calculated dose is questioned at the bedside, through the measurement of an accurate weight and height, the choice between weight-based a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### endocrinology-diabetes-and-growth - [Acquired hypothyroidism and Hashimoto thyroiditis — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acquired-hypothyroidism-and-hashimoto-thyroiditis) — Branching structured oral on acquired hypothyroidism and Hashimoto thyroiditis. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adrenal-insufficiency-and-adrenal-crisis) — Branching viva from the primary-versus-secondary split, through the pigmented losing-weight adolescent with autoimmune Addison disease, the steroid-withdrawn child who collapses wi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia) — Branching viva from the salt-wasting-versus-virilisation split, through the genitally normal male who collapses at two weeks, the virilised 46,XX newborn, the 17-OHP screen and its (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Congenital hypothyroidism — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-hypothyroidism) — Branching viva on congenital hypothyroidism: running the screening-to-treatment pipeline, the levothyroxine dose and timing that protect the developing brain, the primary-versus-ce (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Constitutional delay and familial short stature — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/constitutional-delay-and-familial-short-stature) — Branching viva on the short child: reading the growth-chart trajectory and bone age to distinguish familial short stature from constitutional delay, excluding the pathological mimi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Cushing syndrome in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cushing-syndrome-in-children) — Branching viva from the growth-arrest discriminator, through the three-test confirmatory work-up, the ACTH localisation fork, inferior petrosal sinus sampling, transsphenoidal surg (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Delayed puberty and hypogonadism in adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/delayed-puberty-and-hypogonadism-in-adolescents) — Branching viva on delayed puberty: confirming the timing thresholds, splitting the differential with gonadotrophins, separating constitutional delay from permanent congenital hypog (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Diabetes insipidus and polyuria-polydipsia — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/diabetes-insipidus-and-polyuria-polydipsia) — Branching structured oral on diabetes insipidus and the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome in children, covering the vasopressin-aquaporin-2 axis, the central versus nephrogenic versus p (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Diabetic ketoacidosis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/diabetic-ketoacidosis) — Branching viva on paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis: diagnosing and grading DKA, delivering the ISPAD fluid and insulin protocol with the potassium and glucose logic, recognising an (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Disorders of sex development — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/disorders-of-sex-development) — Branching viva on disorders of sex development: excluding a salt-wasting adrenal crisis before reaching for a label, classifying with the Chicago framework built from the karyotype (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Endocrine emergencies: integrated approach — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/endocrine-emergencies-integrated-approach) — Branching viva from the shared recognition and resuscitation framework, through the undiagnosed young child with DKA and cerebral oedema, the steroid-withdrawn child with secondary (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Endocrine late effects of cancer treatment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/endocrine-late-effects-of-cancer-treatment) — Branching viva on the endocrine late effects of childhood cancer treatment: recognising the survivor with growth hormone deficiency after cranial irradiation and the survivor with (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Growth hormone deficiency and excess — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/growth-hormone-deficiency-and-excess) — Branching viva on growth hormone deficiency and excess: recognising the short child crossing centiles downward and the overgrowing child accelerating upward, confirming with a stim (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hypercalcaemia-and-hyperparathyroidism) — Branching viva from the PTH fork, through the urine calcium-to-creatinine clearance ratio that separates FHH from PHPT, the saline-first resuscitation, the calcitonin-then-bisphosp (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hyperthyroidism and Graves disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hyperthyroidism-and-graves-disease) — Branching viva on distinguishing thyrotoxicosis from hyperthyroidism, confirming Graves disease through a suppressed TSH, raised free T4 and a positive TSH-receptor antibody, deliv (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hypocalcaemia-and-hypoparathyroidism) — Branching structured oral on hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism in children, covering the calcium-PTH axis, PTH-led classification, acute management, neonatal hypocalcaemia, and (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypoglycaemia in diabetes — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hypoglycaemia-in-diabetes) — Branching viva on hypoglycaemia in diabetes: recognising the confused or seizing child with type 1 diabetes as hypoglycaemic until proven otherwise, classifying severity by the ISP (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypopituitarism and pituitary lesions — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hypopituitarism-and-pituitary-lesions) — Branching viva from a child with short stature and a falling height velocity, through the order of hormone loss, the dynamic tests that confirm each axis, the imaging of a suprasel (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Lipid disorders and familial hypercholesterolaemia — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/lipid-disorders-and-familial-hypercholesterolaemia) — Branching viva from the LDL-C threshold, through the asymptomatic school-age child with a family history, the adolescent with xanthomas and homozygous FH, the statin-first drug lad (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Monogenic diabetes and neonatal diabetes — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/monogenic-diabetes-and-neonatal-diabetes) — Branching viva from the six-week-old with persistent hyperglycaemia, through the antibody-negative twelve-year-old mislabelled type 1, the glucokinase-MODY child found on a screeni (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Obesity: assessment, complications and treatment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/obesity-assessment-complications-and-treatment) — Branching viva on BMI-for-age classification with adult crossover, systematic comorbidity screening across six systems, selective secondary-cause exclusion, staged treatment from l (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/osteoporosis-and-fragility-fractures-in-children) — Branching viva on osteoporosis and fragility fractures in children: the ISCD definition that needs low bone mass plus a fragility fracture, the glucocorticoid-exposed and non-ambul (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Phaeochromocytoma and endocrine hypertension — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/phaeochromocytoma-and-endocrine-hypertension) — Branching viva from the hypertensive adolescent with spells, through the metanephrines-first diagnostic rule, the alpha-before-beta preoperative trap and the hereditary genetics, t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Precocious puberty — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/precocious-puberty) — Branching viva on precocious puberty: recognising early sexual development, splitting central from peripheral on gonadotropins and clinical consonance, confirming with bone age and (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Rickets and metabolic bone disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/rickets-and-metabolic-bone-disease) — Branching viva on rickets and metabolic bone disease: the calcipenic-versus-phosphopenic classification that the biochemistry reveals, the emergency management of the hypocalcaemic (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Short stature and poor linear growth — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/short-stature-and-poor-linear-growth) — Branching structured oral on the assessment, differential and management of the short child. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [SIADH and disorders of water balance — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/siadh-and-disorders-of-water-balance) — Branching structured oral on SIADH and disorders of water balance in children, covering the ADH axis, the volume-status approach to hyponatraemia, hypertonic saline, cerebral salt (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Tall stature and overgrowth syndromes — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/tall-stature-and-overgrowth-syndromes) — Branching viva on tall stature and overgrowth syndromes: redistributing the tall child from the familial normal variant to the pathological cause using a structured assessment, rec (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Thyroid nodules, goitre and thyroid cancer — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/thyroid-nodules-goitre-and-thyroid-cancer) — Branching viva on paediatric thyroid nodule risk-stratification, FNA/Bethesda triage and multidisciplinary risk-adapted management. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Type 1 diabetes: diagnosis and initial management — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/type-1-diabetes-diagnosis-and-initial-management) — Branching viva from the alert child with new hyperglycaemia — through the diagnostic glucose thresholds, the bedside exclusion of ketoacidosis, the autoantibodies and C-peptide tha (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Type 1 diabetes: insulin therapy, technology and ambulatory care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/type-1-diabetes-insulin-therapy-technology-and-ambulatory-care) — Branching viva from the principle that insulin is never stopped, through the sick-day child whose insulin was omitted, the pump-treated child with ketones and a normal-looking site (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in youth — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/type-2-diabetes-and-metabolic-syndrome-in-youth) — Branching viva from the acanthosis clue and the metabolic cluster, through the fourteen-year-old girl with insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome, the thirteen-year-old b (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) ### ent-hearing-and-oral-health - [Acute and chronic rhinosinusitis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-and-chronic-rhinosinusitis) — Branching structured-oral viva on acute and chronic rhinosinusitis: the distinction of acute viral from acute bacterial rhinosinusitis by the AAP criteria of persistence, double wo (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Acute otitis media — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-otitis-media) — Branching viva on diagnosing acute otitis media from a bulging tympanic membrane, applying the age-and-laterality antibiotic matrix, choosing first-line amoxicillin and its alterna (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ankyloglossia and infant feeding — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/ankyloglossia-and-infant-feeding) — Branching viva from a two-week-old breastfed infant with poor weight gain, a painful clicking latch and a mother with cracked nipples and engorgement, through the functional assess (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cleft lip and palate — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cleft-lip-and-palate) — Branching viva on cleft lip and palate: recognising the cleft at birth and classifying by Veau, the embryology of facial-process and palatal-shelf fusion, the feeding principle of (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital ear anomalies and microtia — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-ear-anomalies-and-microtia) — Branching viva on congenital ear anomalies and microtia: distinguishing a deformational deformity from a true microtia at the newborn check, grading by Marx, the embryology that ex (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Dental caries and oral-health prevention — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/dental-caries-enamel-disease-and-oral-health-prevention) — Branching viva from a three-year-old with brown, cavitated upper front teeth and a bedtime bottle, through the case definition and pattern of early childhood caries and the fluorid (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Dental trauma and avulsed teeth — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/dental-trauma-and-avulsed-teeth) — Branching viva from an eight-year-old who has just knocked out a permanent upper central incisor on the playground, through the IADT 2020 scene first-aid protocol, the storage medi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Drooling, dysphagia and upper-aerodigestive disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/drooling-dysphagia-and-upper-aerodigestive-disorders) — Branching viva on separating anterior from posterior drooling, recognising an unsafe swallow, applying the stepwise drooling ladder with glycopyrrolate and botulinum toxin, disting (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Epistaxis in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/epistaxis-in-children) — Branching viva from a four-year-old with an active profuse nosebleed brought in tilted backward, through correct first-aid technique and the common errors, the stepwise escalation (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Facial swelling and odontogenic infection — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/facial-swelling-and-odontogenic-infection) — Branching viva on recognising a paediatric facial swelling of dental origin, applying the principle of source control, and recognising and managing Ludwig angina as an airway emerg (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hearing assessment and childhood hearing loss — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hearing-assessment-and-childhood-hearing-loss) — Branching viva from the definition and the conductive-versus-sensorineural classification through the newborn screening programme and the 1-3-6 milestones, congenital CMV as the co (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Mastoiditis and otogenic complications — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/mastoiditis-and-otogenic-complications) — Branching structured-oral viva on mastoiditis and otogenic complications: acute mastoiditis as the commonest suppurative complication of acute otitis media through the valveless ad (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nasal foreign body and button-battery injury — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/nasal-foreign-body-and-button-battery-injury) — Branching viva from a two-year-old with a missing remote-control battery and a disc seen against the nasal septum, testing the emergency-removal decision and the alkaline-electroly (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neck masses in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neck-masses-in-children) — Branching viva on classifying a paediatric neck mass by location and aetiology, recognising a thyroglossal duct cyst, distinguishing reactive from suppurative and mycobacterial lym (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Oral manifestations of systemic disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/oral-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Branching viva from a pale tired six-year-old with swollen bleeding gums and palatal petechiae (acute leukaemia), through the urgent full blood count and neutropenic-sepsis safety, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Oral ulcers and mucosal disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/oral-ulcers-and-mucosal-disease) — Branching viva from a febrile drooling two-year-old with diffuse painful anterior gingival ulceration, through the hydration-first assessment and early oral aciclovir within 72 hou (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Otitis externa — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/otitis-externa) — Branching viva from an eight-year-old swimmer with otalgia, otorrhoea and tragal tenderness, through the canal-versus-middle-ear distinction and the analgesia-led, topical-first st (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Otitis media with effusion and grommet decisions — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/otitis-media-with-effusion-and-grommet-decisions) — Branching structured-oral viva on otitis media with effusion and grommet decisions: the definition and distinction from acute otitis media, the Eustachian tube pathophysiology, the (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess and deep neck infection — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pharyngitis-tonsillitis-peritonsillar-abscess-and-deep-neck-infection) — Branching viva on applying the McIsaac score to a paediatric sore throat, confirming GAS before treating, choosing first-line penicillin, and recognising a peritonsillar abscess an (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Salivary gland disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/salivary-gland-disorders) — Branching viva from an under-immunised child with bilateral tender parotid swelling, through the diagnosis of mumps, the supportive management and the five-day exclusion, with a pi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tinnitus, vertigo and balance disorders in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/tinnitus-vertigo-and-balance-disorders-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on dizziness and vertigo in children: classifying the vertigo by tempo, applying the head impulse, nystagmus, test of skew rule to separate a per (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) ### fetal-neonatal-and-perinatal - [Antenatally detected kidney and urinary-tract anomalies: newborn management — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/antenatally-detected-kidney-and-urinary-tract-anomalies-newborn-management) — Branching viva from a male fetus with bilateral hydronephrosis and a thick-walled bladder through PUV recognition, the timing of postnatal ultrasound, the falsely reassuring early (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Antenatally diagnosed fetal conditions: paediatric planning — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/antenatally-diagnosed-fetal-conditions-paediatric-planning) — Branching viva from a confirmed hypoplastic left heart syndrome through ductal-dependence reasoning, a diaphragmatic hernia resuscitation error, an EXIT airway scenario, and the pa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Apnoea of prematurity — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/apnoea-of-prematurity) — Branching structured oral on a preterm infant with recurrent apnoea, testing definition, pathophysiology, caffeine pharmacology, and exclusion of secondary causes. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Bilious vomiting and neonatal intestinal obstruction — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/bilious-vomiting-and-neonatal-intestinal-obstruction) — Branching viva on the rule that bilious vomiting is obstruction until proven otherwise, the proximal-versus-distal classification and imaging choice, the immediate resuscitation pa (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Birth trauma and brachial plexus injury — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/birth-trauma-and-brachial-plexus-injury) — Branching viva from the recognition of the newborn with an injured arm through Narakas grading and the 3-month threshold decision, the Horner-positive total-plexus injury, and the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and chronic neonatal lung disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia-and-chronic-neonatal-lung-disease) — Viva scenario on a preterm infant with evolving BPD requiring stepwise management discussion. (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Cephalhaematoma and subgaleal haemorrhage — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cephalhaematoma-and-subgaleal-haemorrhage) — Branching viva on the anatomical-plane classification of birth scalp swellings, the suture-line discriminator, recognition and resuscitation of a subgaleal haemorrhage, and the com (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital and perinatally acquired infections: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-and-perinatally-acquired-infections) — Branching clinical structured oral on congenital and perinatally acquired infections: pattern recognition, diagnostic strategy, organism-specific therapy, and prevention. (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital anomalies and dysmorphic newborn assessment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-anomalies-and-dysmorphic-newborn-assessment) — Viva on recognising the dysmorphic newborn, climbing the diagnostic ladder, the four mechanisms of congenital anomalies, and counselling the family. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital heart disease presenting in the newborn — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-heart-disease-presenting-in-the-newborn) — Branching viva from the cyanotic-versus-duct-dependent bedside split, through the day-three collapsed neonate, the positive pulse-oximetry screen, and the prostaglandin-first resus (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Conjugated jaundice and neonatal cholestasis: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/conjugated-jaundice-and-neonatal-cholestasis-including-biliary-atresia) — Branching clinical structured oral on conjugated jaundice and neonatal cholestasis: when to measure a split bilirubin, the biliary atresia exclusion pathway, the Kasai operation, a (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Extremely preterm infant viability and periviable counselling — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/extremely-preterm-infant-viability-and-periviable-counselling) — Branching viva on antenatal counselling, prognostic estimation, and shared decision-making at the threshold of viability for a 23-week gestation infant. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Family-integrated developmental care in NICU](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/family-integrated-developmental-care-in-nicu) — Viva scenario on implementing family-integrated developmental care, defending the evidence, and managing parental stress and inequity in a tertiary NICU. (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Fetal assessment, prenatal screening and counselling — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/fetal-assessment-prenatal-screening-and-counselling) — Branching viva from a positive cell-free DNA screen through no-call interpretation, soft marker reasoning, abnormal Doppler delivery planning and the paediatrician's antenatal role (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Fetal growth restriction and small-for-gestational-age infant — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/fetal-growth-restriction-and-small-for-gestational-age-infant) — Branching viva. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Follow-up after high-risk birth and NICU discharge — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/follow-up-after-high-risk-birth-and-nicu-discharge-growth-and-neurodevelopmental-surveillance) — Branching viva on longitudinal follow-up of the high-risk NICU graduate: corrected-age growth plotting, milestone surveillance, early cerebral palsy detection with GMA/HINE/MRI, se (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Gestational age assessment and preterm classification — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/gestational-age-assessment-and-preterm-classification) — Branching viva on antenatal and postnatal gestational age assessment, the preterm classification bands, size-for-gestational-age, and the corrected-age framework that flows from ea (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/haemolytic-disease-of-the-fetus-and-newborn) — Viva on the IgG-mediated mechanism, anti-D prophylaxis, MCA-PSV surveillance, intrauterine transfusion, and the postnatal phototherapy-IVIG-exchange ladder. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hearing loss in high-risk neonates — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hearing-loss-in-high-risk-neonates) — Branching structured oral on a NICU infant who refers on newborn hearing screening, testing the OAE-versus-AABR rationale, the JCIH risk indicators, congenital CMV, and the early-i (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Human milk, fortification and preterm nutrition](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/human-milk-fortification-and-preterm-nutrition) — Viva scenario on a preterm infant requiring fortification strategy discussion and human milk evidence. (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hypoxic-ischaemic-encephalopathy-and-therapeutic-hypothermia) — Branching viva from the recognition of the encephalopathic term newborn through Sarnat staging and the cooling decision, the boundary of the 6-hour window, and the prognostic role (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/intraventricular-haemorrhage-and-periventricular-leukomalacia) — Branching viva from the recognition of IVH and PVL through the Papile grading, the prevention bundle, and the DRIFT-versus-shunt decision with family-centred counselling. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Large-for-gestational-age infant and infants of diabetic mothers — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/large-for-gestational-age-infant-and-infants-of-diabetic-mothers) — Branching viva. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Late-preterm infant: risks and corrected-age follow-up — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/late-preterm-infant-risks-and-follow-up) — Branching viva on the late-preterm infant (34+0 to 36+6 weeks): classification, disproportionate multi-organ morbidity, the discharge-readiness gate, and corrected-age neurodevelop (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Maternal disease, medication and substance effects on the fetus — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/maternal-disease-medication-and-substance-effects-on-the-fetus) — Branching viva from principles of teratogenesis through valproate counselling, infant of a diabetic mother, fetal warfarin syndrome, and neonatal opioid withdrawal with mimic exclu (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Meconium aspiration syndrome — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/meconium-aspiration-syndrome) — Branching clinical structured oral on meconium aspiration syndrome covering the vigour-based delivery-room algorithm, diagnosis, recognition of PPHN, escalation to inhaled nitric o (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Necrotising enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/necrotising-enterocolitis-and-spontaneous-intestinal-perforation) — Branching viva on the pathophysiology and modified Bell staging of NEC, the NEC-versus-SIP distinction, the medical bundle and surgical triggers, and the primary peritoneal drainag (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal abstinence and withdrawal syndromes — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-abstinence-and-withdrawal-syndromes) — Branching viva on the neuroadaptive mechanism of neonatal opioid withdrawal, the Eat Sleep Console functional assessment and the Finnegan threshold, the non-pharmacologic first-lin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal acute kidney injury — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-acute-kidney-injury) — Branching viva. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal air-leak syndromes — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-air-leak-syndromes) — Branching viva on the unifying mechanism and classification of neonatal air leaks, recognition of the deteriorating ventilated preterm, emergency decompression, chest-drain managem (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Neonatal anaemia, polycythaemia and thrombocytopenia: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-anaemia-polycythaemia-and-thrombocytopenia) — Branching clinical structured oral on the assessment and management of a pale term neonate presenting with acute anaemia in the first 24 hours of life. (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal bacterial infection and sepsis: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-bacterial-infection-and-sepsis-risk-assessment-and-management) — Branching clinical structured oral on neonatal bacterial sepsis: risk assessment, clinical evaluation, empiric antibiotic selection, and stewardship decisions. (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal cyanosis and collapsed neonate — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-cyanosis-and-collapsed-neonate) — Branching viva from the recognition of central cyanosis, through the duct-dependent day-3 collapse and the oxygen-refractory blue infant, to the prostaglandin rule and the apnoea m (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal fluid, electrolyte and nutritional management — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-fluid-electrolyte-and-nutritional-management) — Branching viva. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal gastro-oesophageal reflux and aspiration — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-gastro-oesophageal-reflux-and-aspiration) — Branching structured oral on a preterm infant with posseting and feed-related desaturations, testing the distinction between physiologic reflux and disease, conservative-first mana (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal hypoglycaemia — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-hypoglycaemia) — Branching viva. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal hypothermia and thermoregulation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-hypothermia-and-thermoregulation) — Branching viva on why the newborn loses heat faster than it can generate it, the WHO temperature classification, the metabolic cascade of cold injury, the warm chain and plastic wr (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal hypotonia and neuromuscular weakness — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-hypotonia-and-neuromuscular-weakness) — Branching viva from the central/peripheral bedside split, through the weak areflexic infant and the floppy baby of an affected mother, to the timing and evidence of disease-modifyi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal jaundice: unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-jaundice-unconjugated-hyperbilirubinaemia) — Branching clinical structured oral on neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia: risk assessment, hour-specific nomogram interpretation, phototherapy and exchange transfusion decis (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal pain assessment and procedural comfort - branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-pain-assessment-and-procedural-comfort) — Branching viva from the neuroscience that neonates feel pain, through the validated pain scores and the comfort ladder, to the boundary of routine opioid analgesia and the preterm (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal palliative care and end-of-life decision-making — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-palliative-care-and-end-of-life-decision-making) — Branching structured oral on neonatal palliative care and end-of-life decision-making: perinatal palliative care, the benefits-versus-burdens balance, withholding versus withdrawin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal respiratory distress — diagnostic approach — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-respiratory-distress-diagnostic-approach) — Branching viva from the recognition of neonatal respiratory distress through the three-way diagnostic split, the surfactant decision in the preterm infant, the meconium management (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal resuscitation and post-resuscitation stabilisation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-resuscitation-and-post-resuscitation-stabilisation) — Viva on the first-minute algorithm, escalation to compressions and adrenaline, ventilation-first principle, oxygen and saturation targeting, cord management and cooling referral. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Neonatal seizures and encephalopathy — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-seizures-and-encephalopathy) — Branching viva from the recognition of a neonatal seizure through the seizure-versus-jitteriness distinction, the cooling decision in the encephalopathic term infant, and the refra (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal skin disorders and birthmarks — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-skin-disorders-and-birthmarks) — Branching viva on the classification, red flags and management of neonatal skin disorders and birthmarks. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal stroke and intracranial haemorrhage — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-stroke-and-intracranial-haemorrhage) — Branching viva from the recognition of perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke through the Papile grading of GMH-IVH, the post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilation decision, and the late- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Neonatal transport and retrieval — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-transport-and-retrieval) — Viva on triaging a transport request, the STABLE pretransport stabilisation, the specialist retrieval pathway, temperature and glucose control in transit, and therapeutic hypotherm (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Newborn examination and screening — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/newborn-examination-and-screening) — Viva on the four universal newborn screens, abnormal findings, escalation, and the silent conditions the examination hunts for. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Parenteral nutrition in neonates — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/parenteral-nutrition-in-neonates) — Branching viva. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/patent-ductus-arteriosus-in-preterm-infants) — Branching viva on why the preterm ductus fails to close, the markers of haemodynamic significance, the expectant-first management ladder with drug doses, the trial evidence, and th (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Perinatal infection screening and prevention — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/perinatal-infection-screening-and-prevention) — Branching viva. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/persistent-pulmonary-hypertension-of-the-newborn) — Branching clinical structured oral on the recognition, investigation, and stepwise management of PPHN. (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Poor feeding and feeding intolerance in the neonate — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/poor-feeding-and-feeding-intolerance-in-the-neonate) — Branching viva. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Preterm infant — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/preterm-infant-immediate-and-longitudinal-care) — Branching viva on preterm infant stabilisation, respiratory management, nutrition, complications and longitudinal follow-up. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/respiratory-distress-syndrome-of-prematurity) — Viva on the surfactant-deficiency mechanism, the management ladder, oxygen targeting, surfactant dosing and the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Retinopathy of prematurity](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/retinopathy-of-prematurity) — Viva scenario on a preterm infant reaching the Type 1 ROP treatment threshold. (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Routine care of the healthy newborn — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/routine-care-of-the-healthy-newborn) — Branching viva from golden hour through vitamin K refusal, late-preterm discharge, feeding failure recognition and safe sleep counselling. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Transient tachypnoea of the newborn — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/transient-tachypnoea-of-the-newborn) — Branching clinical structured oral on the assessment and stepwise management of a tachypnoeic term neonate after elective caesarean. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Transition at birth and delayed cord clamping — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/transition-at-birth-and-delayed-cord-clamping) — Branching viva from the deferred-clamp decision for a term infant through the preterm cord plan, the milking contraindication, intact-cord resuscitation and the jaundice counsellin (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) ### gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition - [Abdominal wall and umbilical disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/abdominal-wall-and-umbilical-disorders) — Branching viva from a newborn with bare bowel beside a normal cord, through the distinction of gastroschisis from omphalocele, the embryology, the resuscitation and the surgical pa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute abdominal pain in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-abdominal-pain-in-children) — Branching structured oral on the child with acute abdominal pain: separating the surgical abdomen from medical mimics, the migration of pain and the Pediatric Appendicitis Score, u (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute gastroenteritis and infectious diarrhoea — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-gastroenteritis-and-infectious-diarrhoea) — Branching viva from a toddler with watery diarrhoea and vomiting, through the clinical grading of dehydration, the mechanism of fluid loss and why oral rehydration solution works t (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute liver failure: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-liver-failure) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric acute liver failure: recognising the diagnosis without an encephalopathy requirement, empirical N-acetylcysteine, and the dynamic t (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute vomiting in infants and children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-vomiting-in-infants-and-children) — Branching structured oral on the vomiting child: recognising bilious vomiting as a surgical emergency, building the age-based differential, grading dehydration and choosing a rehyd (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Appendicitis and surgical abdomen — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/appendicitis-and-surgical-abdomen) — Branching viva from a nine-year-old with migratory right iliac fossa pain, anorexia and tenderness, through the Pediatric Appendicitis Score, the ultrasound-first imaging pathway w (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Ascites and peritoneal disease: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/ascites-and-peritoneal-disease) — Branching clinical structured oral on ascites and peritoneal disease in children: recognising the clinical signs of ascites, calculating and interpreting the serum-ascites albumin (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Bilious vomiting and intestinal obstruction — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/bilious-vomiting-and-intestinal-obstruction) — Branching viva from a term neonate with sudden bilious vomiting, through the recognition of malrotation with midgut volvulus, the anatomy of the narrow mesenteric base, the resusci (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Breastfeeding medicine and lactation support — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/breastfeeding-medicine-and-lactation-support) — Branching viva from a mother with a hot, tender breast and fever, through the recognition of the mastitis spectrum and its stepwise management, the physiology of prolactin and oxyt (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic and recurrent abdominal pain: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/chronic-and-recurrent-abdominal-pain) — Branching clinical structured oral on chronic and recurrent abdominal pain: distinguishing functional from organic disease, the alarm-feature approach, targeted investigation, and (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/chronic-liver-disease-cirrhosis-and-portal-hypertension) — Branching clinical structured oral on chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and portal hypertension in children: recognising the presentation of portal hypertension, the classification (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Coeliac disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/coeliac-disease) — Branching viva from the definition and pathogenesis of coeliac disease through the classic toddler, the adolescent with refractory iron deficiency, the child with type 1 diabetes, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Constipation and faecal incontinence: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/constipation-and-faecal-incontinence) — Branching clinical structured oral on childhood constipation and faecal incontinence: distinguishing functional constipation from organic causes, recognising red flags for Hirschsp (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Dysphagia and oesophageal disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/dysphagia-and-oesophageal-disorders) — Branching viva from a teenager with a food bolus impaction and atopy through the recognition and diagnosis of eosinophilic oesophagitis, its Th2 mechanism, the treatment ladder, an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Enteral feeding tubes and home enteral nutrition — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/enteral-feeding-tubes-and-home-enteral-nutrition) — Branching viva from the principles of enteral feeding and device selection through the child with cerebral palsy referred for a gastrostomy, the nasogastric tube whose pH will not (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Feeding assessment and paediatric dysphagia — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/feeding-assessment-and-paediatric-dysphagia) — Branching viva from the definition and swallow phases of paediatric dysphagia through the cough-free child with cerebral palsy, the premature infant who desaturates with feeds, and (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Food protein-induced enterocolitis and enteropathy — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/food-protein-induced-enterocolitis-and-enteropathy) — Branching viva from the definition and the 2017 consensus diagnostic criteria of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome through the infant with a delayed pallid vomiting colla (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Formula feeding and complementary feeding — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/formula-feeding-and-complementary-feeding) — Branching viva from the principles of safe formula feeding and the timing of complementary feeding through the developmental readiness for solids at around six months, the early in (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/functional-abdominal-pain-and-irritable-bowel-syndrome) — Branching clinical structured oral on functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome: applying the Rome IV criteria, subtyping IBS, distinguishing functional from organic d (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Gastro-oesophageal reflux and reflux disease — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/gastro-oesophageal-reflux-and-reflux-disease) — Branching structured oral on an unsettled thriving infant with posseting, testing the distinction between physiologic reflux and disease, the conservative-first ladder, exclusion o (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Gastrointestinal bleeding — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/gastrointestinal-bleeding) — Branching viva from a toddler with painless bright rectal bleeding, through the upper versus lower split at the ligament of Treitz, the Meckel diverticulum and its scan, a pivot to (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hirschsprung disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hirschsprung-disease) — Branching viva from a term neonate with delayed passage of meconium, through the recognition of Hirschsprung disease, the embryology of neural crest cell migration, the suction rec (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Inflammatory bowel disease: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/inflammatory-bowel-disease) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: recognising the growth-centred presentation, the ESPGHAN revised Porto diagnostic criteria, induction w (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Intussusception — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/intussusception) — Branching viva from a seven-month-old with rhythmic colicky screaming and a sausage-shaped mass, through the recognition of the telescoping pattern, the ultrasound target sign, res (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Liver transplantation in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/liver-transplantation-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric liver transplantation: the indications and graft types, the PELD score for allocation, tacrolimus-anchored maintenance immunosuppre (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Malnutrition: nutritional rehabilitation and monitoring — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/malnutrition-nutritional-rehabilitation-and-monitoring) — Branching viva from a wasted 16-month-old with severe acute malnutrition, through the anthropometric criteria and the complicated-versus-uncomplicated disposition decision, the WHO (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Malrotation and volvulus — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/malrotation-and-volvulus) — Branching viva on malrotation and volvulus: recognising bilious vomiting in a previously well neonate as a midgut volvulus until proven otherwise, choosing the upper gastrointestin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Micronutrient deficiencies — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/micronutrient-deficiencies) — Branching viva from the definition and mechanisms of micronutrient deficiency through the iron-deficient toddler, the rachitic infant, the breastfed infant of a vegan mother with B (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-in-children) — Branching viva from the definition and new nomenclature of paediatric fatty liver disease through the overweight child found on screening, the obese adolescent with persistent enzy (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Normal nutritional requirements across childhood: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/normal-nutritional-requirements-across-childhood) — Branching clinical structured oral on normal nutritional requirements across childhood: assessing whether a child is meeting requirements, the energy and protein needs by age, the (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Nutritional management of chronic disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/nutritional-management-of-chronic-disease) — Branching viva from the definition of disease-related malnutrition through the four mechanisms of increased demand, decreased intake, loss and restriction, testing the cystic fibro (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oesophagitis, caustic ingestion and oesophageal injury — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/oesophagitis-caustic-ingestion-and-oesophageal-injury) — Branching viva across paediatric oesophageal injury: the definition and classification, the oesophageal button-battery emergency, the caustic ingestion pathway, and the child with (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Paediatric feeding disorder: nutritional and gastrointestinal management — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paediatric-feeding-disorder-nutritional-and-gastrointestinal-management) — Branching viva from the consensus definition and four domains of paediatric feeding disorder through the child with reflux and food refusal, the tube-dependent former premature inf (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pancreatitis and pancreatic disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pancreatitis-and-pancreatic-disorders) — Branching viva from the definition and pathophysiology of paediatric pancreatitis through the acute attack, the child on valproate, the child with hereditary pancreatitis, the chil (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Parenteral nutrition and refeeding syndrome — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/parenteral-nutrition-and-refeeding-syndrome) — Branching viva from a malnourished adolescent with anorexia nervosa admitted for refeeding, through the definition and risk stratification of refeeding syndrome, the insulin-driven (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Peptic disease and Helicobacter pylori — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/peptic-disease-and-helicobacter-pylori) — Branching structured oral on peptic disease and H. pylori in children. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Persistent and chronic diarrhoea — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/persistent-and-chronic-diarrhoea) — Branching viva from the duration definitions and mechanism classification of chronic diarrhoea through the thriving toddler, the infant with cow's milk protein allergy, the school- (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Polyps and inherited gastrointestinal cancer syndromes: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/polyps-and-inherited-gastrointestinal-cancer-syndromes) — Branching structured oral on paediatric gastrointestinal polyps: separating a benign isolated juvenile polyp from juvenile polyposis, familial adenomatous polyposis, and Peutz-Jegh (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Short-bowel syndrome and intestinal failure — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/short-bowel-syndrome-and-intestinal-failure) — Branching viva from a premature neonate with a high-output jejunostomy after necrotising enterocolitis, through the definition and classification, the sodium principle, intestinal (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Viral, autoimmune and metabolic hepatitis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/viral-autoimmune-and-metabolic-hepatitis) — Branching viva from the aetiological classification of paediatric hepatitis through the faecal-oral acute viruses, the perinatally infected hepatitis B child and the immune-toleran (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) ### genetics-dysmorphology-and-metabolism - [22q11.2 deletion syndrome — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/22q11-2-deletion-syndrome) — Branching viva on 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: recognising the multisystem fingerprint that earns a chromosomal microarray, staging every system at diagnosis, deferring live vaccines (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Acute metabolic decompensation: recognition and stabilisation](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-metabolic-decompensation-recognition-and-stabilisation) — Viva on pattern recognition and emergency stabilisation of acute metabolic decompensation in a child. (exams=racp_advanced,mrcpch_clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Amino-acid disorders including phenylketonuria and MSUD — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/amino-acid-disorders-including-phenylketonuria-and-msud) — Branching viva on the inherited amino-acid disorders: recognising PKU, MSUD, tyrosinaemia type I and homocystinuria on their metabolite and clinical signatures, delivering the acut (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Chromosomal microarray, exome and genome sequencing — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/chromosomal-microarray-exome-and-genome-sequencing) — Viva on the genomic resolution ladder, tiered test selection, variant interpretation, secondary findings, and rapid sequencing in the critically ill infant. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Dietary, cofactor and emergency management of metabolic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/dietary-cofactor-and-emergency-management-of-metabolic-disease) — Viva on the four pillars of metabolic management, the sick-day regimen, and the cofactor-responsive disorders. (exams=racp_advanced,racp_dwe,mrcpch_clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Disorders of metal metabolism: Wilson and Menkes disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/disorders-of-metal-metabolism-wilson-and-menkes-disease) — Branching viva on the inherited copper transport disorders: the unifying ATPase concept, the three faces of Wilson disease and the integrated copper panel, the Leipzig score, the c (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Down syndrome — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/down-syndrome) — Branching viva on Down syndrome: recognising the three genetic mechanisms and the counselling implications, mapping the comorbidities by system, applying the age-stratified health- (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Dysmorphology examination — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/dysmorphology-examination-and-syndrome-recognition) — Viva on structured dysmorphology examination, anomaly classification, syndrome differential and tiered genetic testing. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Ethical issues in genomic diagnosis and cascade testing](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/ethical-issues-in-genomic-diagnosis-and-cascade-testing) — Viva on the ethical classification of paediatric genetic tests and the management of predictive testing, secondary findings, and cascade testing. (exams=racp_advanced,racp_dce,mrcpch_clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Fatty-acid oxidation disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/fatty-acid-oxidation-disorders) — Branching viva on the fatty-acid oxidation disorders: recognising the hypoketotic hypoglycaemia signature, delivering the intravenous-dextrose emergency protocol, localising the de (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Fragile X syndrome — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/fragile-x-syndrome) — Branching viva on fragile X syndrome: recognising the indication to test, explaining the FMR1 CGG-repeat expansion and FMRP loss, confirming the molecular diagnosis with PCR plus m (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Genetic deafness and blindness syndromes — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/genetic-deafness-and-blindness-syndromes) — Branching viva on genetic deafness and blindness: building the tiered workup for the infant who fails newborn hearing screening, separating GJB2 from syndromic causes, recognising (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Genetic history, pedigree construction and inheritance patterns — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/genetic-history-pedigree-construction-and-inheritance-patterns) — Branching viva on the genetic family history: constructing a standardised three-generation pedigree, recognising each inheritance pattern from its shape, applying recurrence-risk a (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Genomic testing, variant interpretation, and counselling — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/genomic-testing-variant-interpretation-and-counselling) — Branching viva on genomic testing in paediatrics: choosing the right test from the hierarchy, applying the ACMG/AMP five-tier variant classification framework, managing variants of (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Glycogen-storage and carbohydrate metabolism disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/glycogen-storage-and-carbohydrate-metabolism-disorders) — Branching viva on the glycogen-storage and carbohydrate metabolism disorders: recognising the hepatic glycogenoses through hepatomegaly with fasting hypoglycaemia and lactic acidos (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Hypoglycaemia due to inherited metabolic disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hypoglycaemia-due-to-inherited-metabolic-disease) — Branching viva on hypoglycaemia due to inherited metabolic disease: recognising hypoketotic hypoglycaemia as a metabolic emergency, capturing the critical sample, classifying the c (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Inborn errors presenting with neurological regression — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/inborn-errors-presenting-with-neurological-regression) — Branching viva on the inborn errors of metabolism that present with neurological regression: recognising regression as a red flag, grouping the disorders by affected pathway, deplo (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Klinefelter syndrome and sex chromosome aneuploidy — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/klinefelter-syndrome-and-sex-chromosome-aneuploidy) — Branching viva on Klinefelter syndrome and sex chromosome aneuploidy: recognising the clinical pattern across the lifespan, the extra-X gene-dosage model and X-inactivation escape (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Lysosomal storage disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/lysosomal-storage-disorders) — Branching viva on the lysosomal storage disorders: recognising the cardinal clinical patterns, classifying by stored substrate, confirming with a layered enzyme-and-genotype workup (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Marfan syndrome and heritable connective-tissue disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/marfan-syndrome-and-heritable-connective-tissue-disorders) — Branching viva on Marfan syndrome and the heritable connective-tissue disorders: recognising the marfanoid phenotype, confirming with the revised Ghent nosology and FBN1 sequencing (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Mitochondrial disease](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/mitochondrial-disease) — Structured oral viva on the dual-genome logic, threshold effect, and clinical recognition of mitochondrial disease across high-energy-demand tissues. (exams=racp_advanced,mrcpch_clinical; updated=2026-07-13) - [Mucopolysaccharidoses and oligosaccharidoses — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/mucopolysaccharidoses-and-oligosaccharidoses) — Branching viva on the mucopolysaccharidoses and oligosaccharidoses: recognising the coarse-facies phenotype, classifying the subtypes by stored substrate and the discriminating cor (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2 — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neurofibromatosis-type-1-and-type-2) — Branching viva on neurofibromatosis: applying the NIH diagnostic criteria for NF1, explaining the neurofibromin/RAS mechanism, building surveillance around optic glioma and plexifo (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Noonan syndrome and RASopathies — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/noonan-syndrome-and-rasopathies) — Branching viva on Noonan syndrome and the RASopathies: recognising the shared RAS/MAPK pathway phenotype, distinguishing Noonan from Costello and CFC by gene and cardiac profile, c (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Organic acidaemias — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/organic-acidaemias) — Branching viva on the organic acidaemias: recognising the high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis that distinguishes them from the urea cycle disorders, delivering the 'treat on suspicio (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Peroxisomal disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/peroxisomal-disorders) — Branching viva on the peroxisomal disorders: recognising the cardinal clinical patterns, classifying into biogenesis disorders and single-enzyme deficiencies, confirming with a pla (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/prader-willi-and-angelman-syndromes) — Branching viva on Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes: recognising the neonatal hypotonia of PWS and the ataxic happy demeanour of AS, explaining the reciprocal imprinting mechanis (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Prenatal diagnosis and reproductive genetics — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/prenatal-diagnosis-and-reproductive-genetics) — Branching viva from a positive cell-free DNA screen through microarray interpretation, variant of uncertain significance reasoning, consanguinity and PGT-M counselling, and the pae (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Skeletal dysplasias — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/skeletal-dysplasias) — Branching viva on the skeletal dysplasias: recognising the lethal short-limbed newborn and the disproportionate child, classifying by molecular pathway, confirming with a skeletal (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Syndromic craniosynostosis and craniofacial disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/syndromic-craniosynostosis-and-craniofacial-disorders) — Branching viva on syndromic craniosynostosis: recognising the head-face-limb fingerprint, naming the big six by gene, mapping every fused suture, securing the airway, the exposed e (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Tuberous sclerosis complex — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/tuberous-sclerosis-complex) — Branching viva on tuberous sclerosis complex: applying the 2012 consensus diagnostic criteria, explaining the hamartin-tuberin-Rheb-mTORC1 mechanism, building surveillance around S (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Turner syndrome — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/turner-syndrome) — Branching viva on Turner syndrome: recognising the age-based presentations, explaining the SHOX-driven pathophysiology, confirming the karyotype and classifying it, building the gr (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Urea cycle disorders and hyperammonaemia — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/urea-cycle-disorders-and-hyperammonaemia) — Branching viva on the urea cycle disorders: recognising the neonatal and late-onset presentations of hyperammonaemia, localising the defect with plasma amino acids and urinary orot (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) - [Williams syndrome — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/williams-syndrome) — Branching viva on Williams syndrome: recognising the multisystem pattern of the 7q11.23 microdeletion, explaining the ELN-driven elastin arteriopathy and coronary risk, confirming (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-13) ### growth-development-and-behaviour - [AAC and assistive technology — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/augmentative-communication-assistive-technology-and-adaptive-equipment) — Structured oral on early AAC, PECS/SGD evidence, seating/access, powered mobility and hospital communication safety. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Adolescent transition for neurodevelopmental disability — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adolescent-transition-for-neurodevelopmental-disability) — Viva on structured transition, readiness, warm handoff and crisis rescue in neurodevelopmental disability. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder) — Branching viva on ADHD diagnosis, mimics, multimodal treatment and monitoring. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Autism spectrum disorder — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/autism-spectrum-disorder) — Branching structured oral on autism spectrum disorder assessment and management. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Behavioural assessment and functional analysis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/behavioural-assessment-and-functional-analysis) — Branching viva on functional assessment, four functions, PBS/FCT, medical screen and medication thresholds. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Behavioural management of defiance and oppositional behaviours — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/behavioural-management-of-defiance-and-oppositional-behaviours) — Branching viva on ODD formulation, coercive cycles, parent training, ADHD comorbidity, medication boundaries and safeguarding. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Cerebral palsy early recognition — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cerebral-palsy-early-recognition-and-classification) — Viva on CP definition, early detection tools, GMFCS/MACS and communication. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Cerebral palsy surveillance — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cerebral-palsy-surveillance-and-multidisciplinary-management) — Branching viva on CP definition, functional scales, hip surveillance, tone pathways, medical-home coordination and transition. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Children with developmental disability in acute care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/children-with-developmental-disability-in-acute-care) — Structured oral on diagnostic overshadowing, pain tools and reasonable adjustments in ED. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Children with disability in school and community settings — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/children-with-disability-in-school-and-community-settings) — Structured oral on school letters, ICF function, emergency plans and transition. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental assessment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/developmental-assessment-history-examination-and-standardised-tools) — Viva on history, examination, tool choice and synthesis. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental coordination disorder — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/developmental-coordination-disorder) — Branching viva on DCD criteria, red flags, tools, task-oriented care, comorbidity and activity risk. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental delay: global diagnostic approach — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/developmental-delay-global-diagnostic-approach) — Branching structured oral on global developmental delay diagnostic approach. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental regression — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/developmental-regression-urgent-diagnostic-approach) — Branching viva on urgent diagnostic approach to developmental skill loss. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Early intervention and developmental care planning — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/early-intervention-and-developmental-care-planning) — Viva on parallel EI referral, family goals, urgent gates and evidence humility. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Family-centred developmental care and goal setting — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/family-centred-developmental-care-and-goal-setting) — Structured oral on PFCC, F-words, ICF-CY and GAS/COPM co-production. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Feeding problems, food refusal and selective eating — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/feeding-problems-food-refusal-and-selective-eating) — Branching viva from toddler neophobia reassurance through autism selectivity, ARFID fear subtype, growth faltering and tube-exit planning. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [General movements and HINE — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/general-movements-assessment-and-hammersmith-infant-neurological-examination) — Viva on GMs, HINE, combined early detection and family communication. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Hearing impairment and development — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hearing-impairment-and-development) — Structured oral on PCHI classification, early intervention, CI evidence, mild loss and OME. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Intellectual developmental disorder — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/intellectual-developmental-disorder) — Branching viva on IDD criteria, aetiological evaluation, anti-overshadowing and transition. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Motor delay, hypotonia and the floppy infant — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/motor-delay-hypotonia-and-the-floppy-infant) — Branching viva on tone versus strength, central versus peripheral localisation, SMA, botulism, maternal myotonia and disposition. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Neurodiversity-affirming developmental care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neurodiversity-affirming-developmental-care) — Structured oral on affirming posture, double empathy, language preference, camouflaging/burnout and medical vigilance. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal cognitive, emotional and behavioural development — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/normal-cognitive-emotional-and-behavioural-development) — Viva on temperament, executive function, self-regulation and escalation thresholds. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal growth from fetal life through adolescence — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/normal-growth-from-fetal-life-through-adolescence) — Branching structured oral on normal growth physiology, chart choice and red-flag patterns. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal language and social communication — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/normal-language-communication-and-social-development) — Viva on normal language milestones, social communication and red-flag action. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Normal motor development and developmental variation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/normal-motor-development-and-developmental-variation) — Viva on WHO motor windows, quality of movement, variation patterns and escalation thresholds. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [School refusal and school attendance problems — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/school-refusal-and-school-attendance-problems) — Branching viva on school refusal formulation, Kearney functions, graded return, CAMS/Melvin evidence, and certificate pitfalls. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Sensory processing differences — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/sensory-processing-differences) — Structured oral on sensory classification, ASD evidence, OT interventions and ethics of tactile defensiveness. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Social communication concerns — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/social-communication-concerns-and-autism-recognition) — Viva on autism red flags, M-CHAT-R/F limits and early referral counselling. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Specific learning disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/specific-learning-disorders) — Branching viva on SLD definition, domain classification, medical exclusion, vision-therapy counselling, comorbidity and school–health planning. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Speech and language delay — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/speech-and-language-delay) — Branching viva on speech versus language, hearing, DLD terminology, autism branch and closed-loop care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Temper tantrums, aggression and emotional dysregulation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/temper-tantrums-aggression-and-emotional-dysregulation) — Branching viva on developmental temper loss, ABC assessment, parenting evidence, corporal punishment counselling, telehealth access and safety conversion. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toilet training and elimination behaviour — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/toilet-training-and-elimination-behaviour) — Viva on toilet-training readiness, enuresis phenotype and non-punitive elimination management. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Visual impairment and development — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/visual-impairment-and-development) — Branching structured oral on visual impairment and development. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) ### haematology-oncology-and-transfusion - [Anaemia: diagnostic approach — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/anaemia-diagnostic-approach) — Branching structured oral on the MCV-based diagnostic approach to paediatric anaemia. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Aplastic anaemia and bone-marrow failure: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/aplastic-anaemia-and-bone-marrow-failure) — Branching clinical structured oral on aplastic anaemia and inherited bone marrow failure in children, covering the Camitta severity criteria, the immune-mediated pathophysiology, t (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Bleeding child: diagnostic approach: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/bleeding-child-diagnostic-approach) — Branching clinical structured oral on the systematic diagnostic approach to a school-age girl with menorrhagia and bruising, exploring the bleeding history, platelet versus coagula (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Blood-component therapy in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/blood-component-therapy-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on blood-component therapy in children, covering the fractionation of whole blood into four components, the per-kilogram doses, the restrictive t (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Bone and soft-tissue sarcomas — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/bone-and-soft-tissue-sarcomas) — Branching viva on bone and soft-tissue sarcomas: recognising osteosarcoma from the persistent non-mechanical limb pain and the radiographic pattern, applying the never-unplanned-bi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Brain and spinal tumours: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/brain-and-spinal-tumours) — Branching clinical structured oral on brain and spinal tumours in children, covering the recognition of raised intracranial pressure, the posterior fossa predominance with medullob (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cancer therapy complications and supportive care: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cancer-therapy-complications-and-supportive-care) — Branching clinical structured oral on the complications of anticancer therapy and the supportive care that surrounds it in children, covering the emetogenic risk stratification and (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Childhood cancer warning signs and diagnostic pathways: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/childhood-cancer-warning-signs-and-diagnostic-pathways) — Branching clinical structured oral on the warning signs and diagnostic pathways of childhood cancer, covering the persistent-progressive principle, the five red-flag clusters, the (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/disseminated-intravascular-coagulation) — Branching clinical structured oral on disseminated intravascular coagulation in children, covering the trigger-driven acquired syndrome, the ISTH overt-disseminated intravascular c (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Febrile neutropenia and infection in oncology: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/febrile-neutropenia-and-infection-in-oncology) — Branching clinical structured oral on febrile neutropenia and infection in the child with cancer. Covers the definition of fever in neutropenia and the absolute-neutrophil-count th (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Full blood count and blood-film interpretation in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/full-blood-count-and-blood-film-interpretation-in-children) — Branching viva from a low haemoglobin on a printout, through age-specific interpretation, the physiological anaemia of infancy, the mean-cell-volume sort, iron dosing and the thala (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [G6PD deficiency and enzymopathies: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/g6pd-deficiency-and-enzymopathies) — Branching clinical structured oral on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: recognition of an acute haemolytic crisis in a boy after fava beans, the mechanism of oxidative (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Germ-cell tumours: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/germ-cell-tumours) — Branching clinical structured oral on germ cell tumours in children, covering the primordial germ cell origin and the midline distribution, the bimodal age distribution, the tumour (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/haematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation) — Branching clinical structured oral on haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in children, covering the autologous-versus-allogeneic classification, the donor hierarchy and the HL (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Haemolytic anaemia: diagnostic approach: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/haemolytic-anaemia-diagnostic-approach) — Branching clinical structured oral on the systematic diagnostic approach to a pale, jaundiced school-age child with haemolytic anaemia. (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Haemophilia A and B — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/haemophilia-a-and-b) — Branching viva on haemophilia A and B: the X-linked recessive inheritance and the F8 and F9 gene defects, the factor-level severity classification, the pathophysiology of the intri (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC structured oral; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hereditary spherocytosis and membrane disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hereditary-spherocytosis-and-membrane-disorders) — Branching viva on hereditary spherocytosis and the inherited red cell membrane disorders: the clinical triad and blood film, the eosin-5-maleimide binding test, the vertical linkag (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Iron deficiency anaemia — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/iron-deficiency-anaemia) — Branching structured oral on iron deficiency anaemia in children, covering the WHO age-banded thresholds, the ferritin-gated classification of the microcytic anaemias, the hepcidin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Leukaemia in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/leukaemia-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on leukaemia in children, covering the recognition of the red-flag presentation, the resuscitation with irradiated leucodepleted transfusion, tum (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Long-term follow-up and late effects of childhood cancer: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/long-term-follow-up-and-late-effects-of-childhood-cancer) — Branching clinical structured oral on the long-term follow-up and late effects of childhood cancer, covering the treatment-summary-driven and risk-stratified surveillance, the dose (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Lymphoma in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/lymphoma-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on lymphoma in children, covering the separation of Hodgkin from non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the four high-grade paediatric non-Hodgkin subtypes, th (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Megaloblastic and macrocytic anaemia: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/megaloblastic-and-macrocytic-anaemia) — Branching clinical structured oral on megaloblastic and macrocytic anaemia covering the distinction of macrocytosis from megaloblastic anaemia, the methylmalonic acid and homocyste (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neuroblastoma: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neuroblastoma) — Branching clinical structured oral on neuroblastoma in children, covering the neural crest origin and the catecholamine secretion, the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group stagin (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neutropenia and neutrophil disorders: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neutropenia-and-neutrophil-disorders) — Branching clinical structured oral on neutropenia and the neutrophil disorders in children. Covers the recognition and first-hour management of febrile severe neutropenia, the abso (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pancytopenia and marrow infiltration: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pancytopenia-and-marrow-infiltration) — Branching clinical structured oral on pancytopenia and marrow infiltration in children, covering the empty-versus-full marrow distinction, the leucoerythroblastic film and myelopht (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sickle cell acute complications: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/sickle-cell-acute-complications) — Branching clinical structured oral on the acute complications of sickle cell disease in children, covering the recognition and management of the vaso-occlusive pain crisis, acute c (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sickle cell disease: diagnosis and health maintenance: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/sickle-cell-disease-diagnosis-and-health-maintenance) — Branching clinical structured oral on the diagnosis and health maintenance of sickle cell disease in children, covering the newborn-screen diagnosis and the haemoglobin electrophor (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Thalassaemia syndromes: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/thalassaemia-syndromes) — Branching clinical structured oral on the thalassaemia syndromes in children, covering the molecular pathophysiology of ineffective erythropoiesis, the haemoglobin electrophoresis (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/thrombocytopenia-and-immune-thrombocytopenia) — Branching clinical structured oral on thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia in children, covering the diagnosis of isolated thrombocytopenia, the ASH 2019 observation-first (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Transfusion reactions and massive transfusion: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/transfusion-reactions-and-massive-transfusion) — Branching clinical structured oral on transfusion reactions and massive transfusion in children, covering the stop-the-transfusion rule, the bedside distinction of TACO from TRALI, (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tumour lysis syndrome and oncologic emergencies: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/tumour-lysis-syndrome-and-oncologic-emergencies) — Branching clinical structured oral on tumour lysis syndrome and the paediatric oncologic emergencies, covering the Cairo-Bishop classification of the laboratory and the clinical sy (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism and thrombophilia in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/venous-thromboembolism-pulmonary-embolism-and-thrombophilia-in-children) — Branching viva on paediatric venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism and thrombophilia: the provoked and central-venous-catheter-associated epidemiology, the Virchow triad patho (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC structured oral; updated=2026-07-16) - [Von Willebrand disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/von-willebrand-disease) — Branching viva on von Willebrand disease: the definition as the most common inherited bleeding disorder, the Sadler 1994 classification into type 1 and the type 2 subtypes and type (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC structured oral; updated=2026-07-16) - [Wilms tumour and renal malignancies: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/wilms-tumour-and-renal-malignancies) — Branching clinical structured oral on Wilms tumour and the paediatric renal malignancies, covering the recognition of the painless abdominal mass with the haematuria and the hypert (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) ### infectious-diseases - [Animal bites, arthropod bites and zoonoses: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/animal-bites-arthropod-bites-and-zoonoses) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric bites and zoonoses: a school-age boy with a puncture cat bite to the hand, the infection-risk and antibiotic decision, the hand-bit (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Antimicrobial pharmacology, selection, dosing and stewardship in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/antimicrobial-pharmacology-selection-dosing-and-stewardship-in-children) — A branching structured oral following one child from empiric antimicrobial selection through developmental dosing, therapeutic drug monitoring, de-escalation, IV-to-oral switch, du (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Approach to fever by age and immune status — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/approach-to-fever-by-age-and-immune-status) — Branching structured oral on the age- and immune-status-aware approach to the febrile child. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Bacteraemia and occult bloodstream infection — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/bacteraemia-and-occult-bloodstream-infection) — A branching viva following the question of bacteraemia and occult bloodstream infection across the age range, from the modern reframing of occult bacteraemia, through the febrile y (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Brain abscess and intracranial suppuration — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/brain-abscess-and-intracranial-suppuration) — Branching viva on recognising brain abscess and intracranial suppuration, the imaging and microbiology strategy, empiric and tailored antibiotic therapy, the aspiration-versus-exci (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Cellulitis, abscess and necrotising soft-tissue infection: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cellulitis-abscess-and-necrotising-soft-tissue-infection) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric skin and soft-tissue infection: distinguishing cellulitis, abscess, and necrotising infection, the purulent versus non-purulent dec (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Common viral exanthems — roseola and erythema infectiosum — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/common-viral-exanthems-including-roseola-and-erythema-infectiosum) — Branching structured-oral viva on the common benign viral exanthems of childhood: the fever-then-rash timing that anchors roseola (HHV-6 and HHV-7) and the slapped-cheek-then-lace (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Congenital syphilis and perinatal STIs — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-syphilis-and-perinatal-sexually-transmitted-infections) — Branching structured-oral viva on congenital syphilis and the perinatal sexually transmitted infections: the transplacental spirochaetal pathophysiology with the maternal-stage tra (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/covid-19-and-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: recognition of the toxic school-age child after COVID-19, differentiation from Kawasaki disease (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Dengue and other arboviral infections: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/dengue-and-other-arboviral-infections) — Branching structured oral on paediatric dengue: recognition of the plasma-leak critical phase at defervescence, WHO 2009 classification and warning signs, serial haematocrit and pl (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Device-associated and healthcare-associated infection — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/device-associated-and-healthcare-associated-infection) — A branching structured oral following one child with a suspected central-line-associated bloodstream infection, from surveillance definition and recognition through cultures, empir (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Enteric fever and invasive bacterial enteritis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/enteric-fever-and-invasive-bacterial-enteritis) — Structured oral on the stepwise fever of enteric fever, blood-versus-stool diagnostics, XDR-aware treatment, the STEC-HUS danger, and vaccine prevention. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infection — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/epstein-barr-virus-and-cytomegalovirus-infection) — Branching structured-oral viva on EBV and CMV infection: the pathophysiology of EBV B-cell tropism and the CD8 T-cell response, the classic mononucleosis triad and the amoxicillin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Fever in the returned traveller — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/fever-in-the-returned-traveller) — Branching structured-oral viva on the febrile returning child: the travel history, the same-day malaria film and the single-negative-film pitfall, the five must-not-miss causes, th (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Fungal infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/fungal-infections-in-immunocompetent-and-immunocompromised-children) — Branching structured-oral viva on fungal infections in children: the host-defence tiers that decide antifungal strength, the immunocompetent spectrum (thrush, tinea capitis), the i (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hand-foot-and-mouth disease and enterovirus infection — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-and-enterovirus-infection) — Branching structured-oral viva on HFMD and enterovirus infection: the causative enteroviruses and faecal-oral, droplet and vesicle-fluid transmission, the classic and atypical (CVA (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Hepatitis A, B, C and E in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hepatitis-a-b-c-and-e-in-children) — Branching structured-oral viva on hepatitis A, B, C and E in children: the enteric-versus-blood-borne transmission and chronicity framework, serology and viral-load panels, the hep (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Herpes simplex infection in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/herpes-simplex-infection-in-children) — Branching structured-oral viva on herpes simplex infection in children: the neurotropic latency-and-reactivation biology, the clinical syndromes (gingivostomatitis, eczema herpetic (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [HIV exposure and infection in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hiv-exposure-and-infection-in-children) — Branching structured-oral viva on paediatric HIV: mother-to-child transmission and its prevention (PMTCT, Option B+), the distinction between exposure and infection (maternal IgG v (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Infection prevention, isolation and outbreak management — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/infection-prevention-isolation-and-outbreak-management) — Branching structured-oral viva on paediatric infection prevention and control: the chain of infection and where each measure breaks a link; standard and transmission-based precauti (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Infections in immunocompromised children — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/infections-in-immunocompromised-children) — Branching structured oral on the approach to infections in immunocompromised children. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Influenza and antiviral treatment: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/influenza-and-antiviral-treatment) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric influenza: recognising the abrupt febrile syndrome and the atypical infant presentation, choosing and justifying empiric oseltamivi (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Malaria in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/malaria-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric malaria: travel history and recognition of severe disease, blood film and rapid diagnostic test interpretation, intravenous artesun (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Measles, rubella and congenital rubella — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/measles-rubella-and-congenital-rubella) — Branching structured-oral viva on measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome: the lymphotropic immune-amnesia pathophysiology of measles and the teratogenic mechanism of rube (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Meningitis and encephalitis: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/meningitis-and-encephalitis) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric meningitis and encephalitis: recognition, CSF interpretation, empiric antibiotic and aciclovir selection, and the encephalitis deci (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Mumps — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/mumps) — Branching structured-oral viva on mumps: the tropism-driven pathophysiology of glandular and neural injury, the classic parotitis and the atypical attenuated presentation in the va (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Paediatric sepsis: diagnosis, antimicrobial treatment and source control — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paediatric-sepsis-diagnosis-antimicrobial-treatment-and-source-control) — A branching structured oral following one child with evolving septic shock from recognition through the first-hour bundle, fluid and vasoactive escalation, source control, reassess (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Parasitic infections in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/parasitic-infections-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric parasitic infections: recognition of a child with intense pruritus and burrows as scabies, the household treatment principle, the c (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Pertussis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pertussis) — Branching structured-oral viva on pertussis: the pathophysiology of ciliary paralysis and toxin injury, the classic three-stage course and the atypical infant presentation, PCR ver (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Post-arrival infection screening — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/international-adoption-immigration-and-refugee-infection-screening) — Branching structured-oral viva on the comprehensive post-arrival infection screen for internationally adopted, immigrant and refugee children: the must-not-miss five, the re-verifi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Prolonged, recurrent and periodic fever — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/prolonged-recurrent-and-periodic-fever) — Branching viva on patterning the fever, recognising PFAPA from the Marshall and Thomas criteria, separating the hereditary periodic fevers by attack duration and signature features (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/staphylococcal-scalded-skin-syndrome) — Branching clinical structured oral on a febrile infant with tender erythema and sheet-like desquamation: recognising staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, the desmoglein 1 mechanis (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Travel medicine and pre-travel advice for children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/travel-medicine-and-pre-travel-advice-for-children) — Branching structured-oral viva on the pre-travel consultation for children: the composite risk score, the four-lane plan, age-appropriate chemoprophylaxis, the vaccine age threshol (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Tuberculosis in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/tuberculosis-in-children) — Branching viva on the exposure-infection-disease spectrum, the age-and-immunity pathophysiology, symptom-and-contact assessment, chest radiograph and Xpert MTB/RIF workup, weight-b (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Undifferentiated fever and fever without a source in infants and children — formative viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/undifferentiated-fever-and-fever-without-a-source-in-infants-and-children) — A MedVellum formative branching viva on the age-stratified evaluation of a febrile child without a localising source. Tests the candidate's ability to classify risk by age, choose (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Theory,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/urinary-tract-infection-and-pyelonephritis) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric UTI and pyelonephritis: recognition in the febrile infant, reliable urine sampling, urinalysis and culture interpretation, the oral (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Vaccine-preventable disease outbreak response — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/vaccine-preventable-disease-outbreak-response) — Branching structured-oral viva on the systematic response to a vaccine-preventable disease outbreak in children: the transmission dynamics (R₀ and the herd-immunity threshold), why (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Varicella and herpes zoster — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/varicella-and-herpes-zoster) — Branching structured-oral viva on varicella and herpes zoster: the neurotropic latency-and-reactivation biology, the clinical signature of successive vesicle crops, host-risk strat (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Viral upper respiratory tract infection and the common cold — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/viral-upper-respiratory-tract-infection-and-the-common-cold) — Branching viva from a well 3-year-old with a cold and purulent nasal discharge, through the natural history and the rationale against antibiotics, the symptomatic care that works, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) ### investigations-procedures-and-technology - [Abdominal radiograph and acute imaging decisions — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/abdominal-radiograph-and-acute-imaging-decisions) — Branching viva on the acute paediatric abdominal imaging decision: the role and the low yield of the abdominal radiograph, the ALARA principle and the Pearce 2012 radiation-risk ev (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Abscess drainage and minor procedures — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/abscess-drainage-and-minor-procedures) — Branching viva on abscess drainage and minor paediatric procedures: the bedside decision between a drainable abscess, cellulitis and a necrotising soft tissue infection; the weight (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Airway suction, oxygen devices and nebuliser technique: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/airway-suction-oxygen-devices-and-nebuliser-technique) — Branching structured oral on three linked bedside skills: why oxygen devices deliver different FiO2, suction technique and its complications, and the evidence for spacer-MDI over n (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-17) - [Artificial intelligence and clinical decision support in paediatrics — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/artificial-intelligence-and-clinical-decision-support-in-paediatrics) — Branching structured oral on the four classes of paediatric AI, how a machine-learning prediction model is built and where it fails, the validation ladder, alert fatigue and stewar (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP General Paediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Audiology and hearing-test interpretation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/audiology-and-hearing-test-interpretation) — Branching viva on paediatric hearing-test interpretation: reading the pure-tone audiogram for degree and type, the Jerger tympanogram types and the 1000 Hz probe tone in infants, t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Bag-mask ventilation and basic airway adjuncts: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/bag-mask-ventilation-and-basic-airway-adjuncts) — Branching structured oral on opening the airway and ventilating a child: manual ventilation device classification, one- and two-person technique, ventilation rates by context, airw (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-17) - [Blood gas, electrolyte and acid-base interpretation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/blood-gas-electrolyte-and-acid-base-interpretation) — A branching viva following one child through the five-step systematic blood gas method, the choice between arterial, venous and capillary samples, Winter's formula for compensation (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Bone-marrow aspiration and biopsy principles — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/bone-marrow-aspiration-and-biopsy-principles) — A branching viva following one child with suspected acute leukaemia, through the choice of aspirate and trephine, the posterior superior iliac spine site and why the sternum is avo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Central venous and arterial access in children — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/central-venous-and-arterial-access-in-children) — Branching structured oral on choosing the site, performing ultrasound-guided central venous and arterial access, and managing complications across a range of paediatric scenarios. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chest decompression and intercostal drain insertion — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/chest-decompression-and-intercostal-drain-insertion) — Branching viva on chest decompression and intercostal drain insertion in children: the clinical diagnosis of tension pneumothorax and immediate needle decompression at the second i (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chest radiograph interpretation in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/chest-radiograph-interpretation-in-children) — Branching viva on paediatric chest radiograph interpretation: the technical-quality check before the fields, the ABCDEFGH systematic approach, the normal paediatric thymus and the (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Defibrillation, cardioversion and transcutaneous pacing — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/defibrillation-cardioversion-and-transcutaneous-pacing) — A branching viva following one child through cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation, probing the candidate on the pulse-based decision between defibrillation, cardioversion a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Developmental, cognitive and behavioural assessment tools — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/developmental-cognitive-and-behavioural-assessment-tools) — A branching viva following one toddler with parental concern about speech and social engagement, through the distinction between surveillance, screening and diagnostic assessment, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Echocardiography fundamentals for general paediatricians — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/echocardiography-fundamentals-for-general-paediatricians) — Branching viva on paediatric echocardiography fundamentals: the modalities and what each shows, the Z-score normalisation, the systematic report read, the modified Bernoulli equati (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Electrocardiogram acquisition and interpretation in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/electrocardiogram-acquisition-and-interpretation-in-children) — Branching viva on paediatric ECG acquisition and interpretation: the technical conventions and electrode placement, the age-specific normal ranges, the systematic seven-step read, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Endotracheal intubation and emergency airway equipment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/endotracheal-intubation-and-emergency-airway-equipment) — A branching viva following one child with bacterial tracheitis and a failing airway, through the decision to secure a definitive airway, the age-based tube and blade selection, the (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Gastrostomy, tracheostomy and central-line troubleshooting — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/gastrostomy-tracheostomy-and-central-line-troubleshooting) — Branching structured oral on recognising and resolving the failure modes of the paediatric gastrostomy, tracheostomy and central venous catheter across a range of acute and ward sc (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP General Paediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Genetic and metabolic test selection — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/genetic-and-metabolic-test-selection) — Branching viva on the request-side act of choosing and interpreting genetic and metabolic tests: applying the microarray-first consensus, escalating to exome, defending rapid whole (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Intraosseous access — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/intraosseous-access) — A branching viva following one child from septic shock with failed intravenous access, through the decision to place an intraosseous needle, the proximal tibial landmark and weight (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Joint aspiration — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/joint-aspiration) — Branching viva on joint aspiration (arthrocentesis) in children: the septic-versus-transient-synovitis prediction rule, ultrasound-guided technique for the deep hip, synovial fluid (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Lumbar puncture in infants and children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/lumbar-puncture-in-infants-and-children) — Branching viva on lumbar puncture in infants and children: pre-procedure assessment, positioning and technique, the antibiotics-first rule in suspected bacterial meningitis, the op (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Medical devices, digital health and remote monitoring — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/medical-devices-digital-health-and-remote-monitoring) — Branching structured oral on the four classes of paediatric medical device, the CGM and pulse oximeter sensor physiologies, the equity and accuracy failures, and the shared-decisio (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RACP General Paediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Nasogastric tube insertion and verification — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/nasogastric-tube-insertion-and-verification) — Branching viva on nasogastric tube insertion and verification in children: the pH verification rule at 5.5 or less, the rejection of the deprecated whoosh and bubbling tests, the a (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Neuroimaging selection and radiation-aware practice — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neuroimaging-selection-and-radiation-aware-practice) — Branching viva on choosing between CT, MRI, cranial ultrasound and skull radiograph in children: applying the PECARN head injury prediction rules, defending the modality of choice (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Paediatric ultrasound and point of care ultrasound — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paediatric-ultrasound-and-point-of-care-ultrasound) — Branching viva on paediatric point-of-care ultrasound: probe selection and image-quality controls, the lung ultrasound artefact repertoire and the BLUE protocol, the focused assess (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Paediatric venepuncture and peripheral intravenous access — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paediatric-venepuncture-and-peripheral-intravenous-access) — Branching structured oral on paediatric venepuncture and peripheral intravenous cannulation across routine and difficult-access scenarios, covering site and gauge selection, the co (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-17) - [Point-of-care glucose, ketone and urinalysis testing — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/point-of-care-glucose-ketone-and-urinalysis-testing) — A branching viva following one scenario through the three core paediatric point-of-care tests: the capillary blood glucose meter and its inaccuracy in the neonate from the high hae (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Procedural consent, preparation and child-life support — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/procedural-consent-preparation-and-child-life-support) — Branching viva on procedural consent, preparation and child-life support: the consent-permission-assent framework and the Appelbaum capacity domains, the structured preparation con (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Procedural pain: topical anaesthesia, preparation, distraction and non-pharmacological support — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/procedural-pain-topical-anaesthesia-preparation-distraction-and-non-pharmacological-support) — Branching viva on the multi-modal comfort bundle for procedural pain in infants and children: pre-procedure assessment, agent choice and timings, the methaemoglobinaemia risk of EM (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Radiation protection and imaging stewardship — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/radiation-protection-and-imaging-stewardship) — Branching viva on the three pillars of radiological protection, the linear-no-threshold paediatric risk model, the CT and fluoroscopy dose quantities and the diagnostic reference l (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Safe paediatric procedural sedation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/safe-paediatric-procedural-sedation) — Branching viva on safe paediatric procedural sedation: the sedation depth continuum, the pre-sedation assessment, fasting and monitoring, the pharmacology of ketamine and nitrous o (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Simple laceration repair and wound management — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/simple-laceration-repair-and-wound-management) — A branching viva following a frightened four-year-old with a clean facial laceration, probing the structured assessment, the topical-first analgesia with LET, the choice of closure (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Suprapubic aspiration and urinary catheterisation: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/suprapubic-aspiration-and-urinary-catheterisation) — Branching clinical structured oral on suprapubic aspiration and urinary catheterisation covering the urine collection methods and their contamination rates, the suprapubic aspirati (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-17) - [Umbilical venous and arterial catheterisation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/umbilical-venous-and-arterial-catheterisation) — A branching viva following one sick preterm infant from the decision to place umbilical venous and arterial catheters, through the vessel anatomy and courses, the Shukla birth-weig (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### mental-behavioural-and-psychosomatic - [Acute behavioural disturbance and agitation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-behavioural-disturbance-and-agitation) — Branching viva on classifying acute agitation by severity and cause, the least-restrictive ladder, verbal de-escalation, oral and parenteral pharmacotherapy grounded in the PEAChY (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/anxiety-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents) — Branching viva on distinguishing disorder from normal fear, multi-informant assessment, stepped care, CAMS and Cochrane evidence, SSRI dosing and suicidality monitoring. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Attachment disorders and relational trauma — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/attachment-disorders-and-relational-trauma) — Branching viva on the two-disorder DSM-5-TR structure, caregiving-history assessment, the autism differential, the BEIP / ABC / Child-Parent Psychotherapy evidence, no first-line m (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/avoidant-restrictive-food-intake-disorder) — Branching viva on holding the ARFID versus anorexia nervosa boundary, classifying the driver pattern, protecting medical safety and refeeding risk, delivering evidence-based CBT-AR (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Child and adolescent suicide and self-harm assessment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/child-and-adolescent-suicide-and-self-harm-assessment) — Branching viva on distinguishing non-suicidal self-injury from suicidal self-harm, structured risk stratification, safety planning, means restriction and disposition. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Children of parents with mental illness or substance use — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/children-of-parents-with-mental-illness-or-substance-use) — Branching viva on the heightened-but-probabilistic offspring-risk picture, the gene-environment-interplay mechanism, the Weissman STARD-child evidence, the family-focused-preventio (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Chronic fatigue and post-viral fatigue syndromes — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/chronic-fatigue-and-post-viral-fatigue-syndromes) — Branching viva on recognising post-exertional malaise, applying the paediatric three-month threshold, validating the illness, excluding mimics once, building a function-first energ (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Collaborative care with child and adolescent mental-health services — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/collaborative-care-with-child-and-adolescent-mental-health-services) — Branching viva on defining collaborative care, classifying the four models, the treatment-gap rationale, stepped-care tiers, shared assessment and consent, acute-risk overrides, an (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Conduct disorder and antisocial behaviour — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/conduct-disorder-and-antisocial-behaviour) — Branching viva on the rights-violation definition, the Moffitt taxonomy, the callous-unemotional specifier, risk and safeguarding, the role of comorbid ADHD, and the NICE CG158 ste (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Delirium in children and adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/delirium-in-children-and-adolescents) — Branching viva on the DSM-5-TR diagnosis of paediatric delirium, CAPD screening, the benzodiazepine causal link, the ABCDEF bundle, and antipsychotics as last resort. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Depressive disorders in children and adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/depressive-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents) — Branching viva on criteria-based diagnosis, the bipolar screen, suicide-risk assessment, stepped care, fluoxetine as first-line SSRI, and the black-box warning. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder) — Branching viva on the criteria-clock diagnosis of DMDD, the bipolar and ODD rule-outs, the behaviour-therapy-first stepped plan, the adjunctive use of medication for comorbidity, a (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Early-onset psychosis and mania — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/early-onset-psychosis-and-mania) — Branching viva on the psychosis-mania gate: distinguishing psychosis, mania and mimics, organic exclusion, duration of untreated psychosis, cannabis risk, TEOSS and the paediatric (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) - [Emergency mental-health assessment and disposition — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/emergency-mental-health-assessment-and-disposition) — Branching viva on classifying the emergency mental-health presentation on two independent axes, performing a structured suicide-risk assessment with a validated tool, synthesising (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Family assessment and family interventions — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/family-assessment-and-family-interventions) — Branching viva on systematic family assessment, the three named mechanisms (coercive cycle, expressed emotion, chronic stress), intensity-matched intervention selection across pare (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Functional neurological symptoms in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/functional-neurological-symptoms-in-children) — Branching viva on the positive diagnosis of paediatric FND, PNES versus epilepsy, the 3-Ps formulation, iatrogenic perpetuation, the validating diagnosis conversation and stepped m (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Grief, bereavement and adjustment disorder in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/grief-bereavement-and-adjustment-disorder-in-children) — Branching viva on separating normal grief from prolonged grief disorder and adjustment disorder, the two-trigger/two-clock distinction, grief-versus-MDD-versus-PTSD, suicide and sa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Mental state examination in children and adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/mental-state-examination-in-children-and-adolescents) — Branching structured oral on the conditions for the examination, the seven domains, developmental adaptation, validated screens, a positive mood and suicide finding, a medical mimi (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-in-children) — Branching viva on paediatric OCD recognition, differential, stepped CBT-with-ERP care and refractory escalation. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Pica and rumination disorder — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pica-and-rumination-disorder) — Branching viva on running the harm gate before the label, separating pica and rumination from their mimics, treating reversible drivers, replacing the behaviour without punitive re (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma responses — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-and-trauma-responses) — Branching viva on the trauma-response continuum, trauma-informed assessment, risk factors, stepped care with trauma-focused CBT first-line, debriefing, pharmacotherapy, and safegua (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Psychological impact of chronic illness and disability — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/psychological-impact-of-chronic-illness-and-disability) — Branching viva on the biopsychosocial, resilience-oriented model of the psychological impact of chronic illness and disability: the adjustment-to-disorder continuum, routine screen (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Psychopharmacology and psychotropic medicines in children and adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/psychopharmacology-and-psychotropic-medicines-in-children-and-adolescents) — Branching viva on developmental pharmacokinetics, choosing and monitoring the major paediatric psychotropic classes (stimulants, non-stimulants, SSRIs, antipsychotics, mood stabili (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Selective mutism — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/selective-mutism) — Branching viva on selective mutism recognition, the hearing-first differential, behavioural-intervention-first care and SSRI escalation. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Somatic symptom and related disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders) — Branching viva on the DSM-5 principle that symptoms need not be medically unexplained, validation, single red-flag screen, the symptom-amplification reframe, a function-first inter (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-12) - [Substance intoxication, withdrawal and use disorders in youth — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/substance-intoxication-withdrawal-and-use-disorders-in-youth) — Branching viva on separating intoxication, withdrawal and the use disorder, CRAFFT screening, SBIRT stepped care, the buprenorphine pathway, and the cannabis-psychosis link. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-12) ### nephrology-urology-fluids-and-electrolytes - [Acid-base disorders in children — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acid-base-disorders-in-children) — Branching structured oral on paediatric acid-base disorders, covering the six-step systematic approach, the anion gap and albumin correction, Winters formula and the delta gap for (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute kidney injury: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-kidney-injury) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric acute kidney injury: recognising the KDIGO definition and staging, the staged emergency management of hyperkalaemia, the assessment (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Acute nephritic syndrome and glomerulonephritis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-nephritic-syndrome-and-glomerulonephritis) — Branching viva from the classic cola-urine presentation of post-streptococcal GN, through the complement rule and the eradication regimen, to the atypical child with persistent hyp (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Antenatal hydronephrosis and postnatal evaluation: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/antenatal-hydronephrosis-and-postnatal-evaluation) — Branching clinical structured oral on antenatal hydronephrosis and postnatal evaluation covering the grading systems, the timing of the first postnatal ultrasound, the investigatio (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Calcium, magnesium and phosphate disorders — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/calcium-magnesium-and-phosphate-disorders) — Branching structured oral on disorders of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in children, covering the corrected calcium and ionised fraction, emergency calcium gluconate dosing, hyp (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic kidney disease and progression: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/chronic-kidney-disease-and-progression) — Branching structured oral on paediatric chronic kidney disease and progression: the KDIGO definition and staging grid, the hyperfiltration mechanism of progression, the evidence fo (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-anomalies-of-the-kidney-and-urinary-tract) — Branching clinical structured oral on congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract covering the classification and embryology, the antenatal hydronephrosis investigation pa (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Dehydration and oral or intravenous rehydration: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/dehydration-and-oral-or-intravenous-rehydration) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric dehydration and rehydration: grading severity with the clinical dehydration scale, deciding between oral and intravenous therapy, t (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Fluid maintenance and deficit replacement — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/fluid-maintenance-and-deficit-replacement) — Branching structured oral on fluid maintenance and deficit replacement in children, covering the Holliday-Segar rule, the move to isotonic maintenance fluids with dextrose and pota (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Haematuria: diagnostic approach — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/haematuria-diagnostic-approach) — Branching viva from a school-age child with cola-coloured urine, through the glomerular versus non-glomerular fork, the complement patterns of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Haemolytic uraemic syndrome: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/haemolytic-uraemic-syndrome) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric haemolytic uraemic syndrome: recognising the STEC-HUS triad with normal coagulation, the distinction from TTP and DIC, the supporti (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hypokalaemia-and-hyperkalaemia) — Branching structured oral on hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia in children, covering the three-axis classification, cardiac electrophysiology and ECG changes, the hyperkalaemia emerge (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hyponatraemia-and-hypernatraemia) — Branching structured oral on hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia in children, covering the water-balance physiology, the volume-status classification, brain cell volume adaptation, 3 (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Hypospadias, cryptorchidism and common male genital disorders: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hypospadias-cryptorchidism-and-common-male-genital-disorders) — Branching clinical structured oral on hypospadias, cryptorchidism and the common male genital disorders covering the classification and the no-circumcision rule, the orchidopexy wi (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis nephritis: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/iga-nephropathy-and-iga-vasculitis-nephritis) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis nephritis: recognising synpharyngitic haematuria with a normal C3, applying the Oxford MEST-C sc (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Inherited tubulopathies: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/inherited-tubulopathies) — Branching structured oral on paediatric inherited tubulopathies: a 15-year-old with fatigue, muscle cramps and a low serum magnesium leading to Gitelman syndrome, then the renin an (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Kidney replacement therapy and dialysis in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/kidney-replacement-therapy-and-dialysis-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric kidney replacement therapy: recognising the AEIOU indications in a child with acute kidney injury, choosing continuous renal replac (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Kidney transplantation in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/kidney-transplantation-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric kidney transplantation: the rationale for preemptive living-donor transplant, the standard tacrolimus-based immunosuppression regim (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Lupus nephritis and systemic disease: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/lupus-nephritis-and-systemic-disease) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric lupus nephritis: the ISN/RPS six-class classification, the pathophysiology behind full-house immunofluorescence and low complement, (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/nephrolithiasis-and-nephrocalcinosis) — Branching structured oral on paediatric nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, covering the lumen-versus-parenchyma distinction, hypercalciuria and the metabolic workup, the infecte (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Neurogenic bladder and dysfunctional voiding: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neurogenic-bladder-and-dysfunctional-voiding) — Branching clinical structured oral on the neurogenic bladder and dysfunctional voiding covering the neurological control of micturition, the urodynamic classification, the manageme (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Nocturnal enuresis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/nocturnal-enuresis) — Branching viva from the definition and classification of paediatric nocturnal enuresis, through the three-systems pathophysiology, the alarm and desmopressin first-line therapy wit (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oedema and nephrotic syndrome — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/oedema-and-nephrotic-syndrome) — Branching viva from the puffy toddler at first presentation, through the KDIGO 2021 definition and the initial prednisolone regimen, the four-week response classification that sepa (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oliguria, anuria and urinary obstruction: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/oliguria-anuria-and-urinary-obstruction) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric oliguria, anuria and urinary obstruction: defining oliguria and anuria by urine output thresholds, the pre-renal, renal and post-re (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Polycystic kidney disease and inherited nephropathies: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/polycystic-kidney-disease-and-inherited-nephropathies) — Branching structured oral on paediatric polycystic kidney disease and inherited nephropathies: the gene-based classification of ARPKD, ADPKD, Alport syndrome and nephronophthisis, (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Polyuria and polydipsia — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/polyuria-and-polydipsia) — Branching structured oral on the diagnostic approach to a child with polyuria and polydipsia, covering the glucose-first exclusion of osmotic diuresis, the urine osmolality split, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Post-infectious glomerulonephritis: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/post-infectious-glomerulonephritis) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric post-infectious glomerulonephritis: recognising the acute nephritic syndrome two weeks after a sore throat, interpreting the low C3 (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Posterior urethral valves: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/posterior-urethral-valves) — Branching clinical structured oral on posterior urethral valves covering the Young classification and the pathophysiology cascade, the MCUG as the diagnostic gold standard, the imm (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Proteinuria: diagnostic approach — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/proteinuria-diagnostic-approach) — A cross-table viva on the diagnostic approach to proteinuria in children, escalating from an asymptomatic adolescent found to have proteinuria at a school screen through the orthos (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Renal tubular acidosis — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/renal-tubular-acidosis) — Branching structured oral on renal tubular acidosis in children, covering the definition as a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, the three-type classification by potassium direct (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Scrotal pain and testicular torsion: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/scrotal-pain-and-testicular-torsion) — Branching clinical structured oral on scrotal pain and testicular torsion covering the classification and the bell-clapper pathophysiology, the TWIST score and the differentiation (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Urinalysis, renal function and paediatric kidney assessment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/urinalysis-renal-function-and-paediatric-kidney-assessment) — Branching viva on bedside Schwartz eGFR calculation and staging, urine collection method, dipstick-versus-sediment interpretation, the creatinine lag, and the transition of estimat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Vesicoureteric reflux: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/vesicoureteric-reflux) — Branching clinical structured oral on vesicoureteric reflux covering the International Reflux Study grading, the RIVUR trial evidence, the management ladder from prophylaxis to sur (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Vulvovaginal and common prepubertal gynaecological disorders: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/vulvovaginal-and-common-prepubertal-gynaecological-disorders) — Branching clinical structured oral on the common prepubertal gynaecological disorders covering the classification and management of vulvovaginitis, the conservative approach to lab (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) ### neurology-neurodisability-and-neuromuscular - [Absence, focal and generalised epilepsies — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/absence-focal-and-generalised-epilepsies) — Branching viva on absence, focal and generalised epilepsies: classifying the seizure from the eyewitness account, confirming the syndrome with the EEG, choosing the syndrome-matche (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and demyelinating disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis-and-demyelinating-disease) — Branching viva on acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and the acquired demyelinating syndromes of childhood: recognising the first event and the mandatory encephalopathy that defi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Acute neuromuscular respiratory failure: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-neuromuscular-respiratory-failure) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric acute neuromuscular respiratory failure covering the respiratory pump and the two mechanisms of failure, the bedside forced vital c (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Antiseizure medicines: selection, adverse effects and monitoring — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/antiseizure-medicines-selection-adverse-effects-and-monitoring) — Branching viva on antiseizure medicine selection, adverse effects and monitoring: classifying the drug by spectrum and mechanism, choosing the syndrome-matched first-choice medicin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ataxia in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/ataxia-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on ataxia in children: applying the acute-versus-chronic framework, performing the bedside localisation, screening for the red flags that demand (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Autoimmune encephalitis: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/autoimmune-encephalitis) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric autoimmune encephalitis covering the Graus diagnostic criteria, the anti-NMDAR presentation and its age-related variations, the pat (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Brain death, death by neurological criteria and organ donation: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/brain-death-death-by-neurological-criteria-and-organ-donation) — Branching clinical structured oral on brain death and death by neurological criteria in a child, covering the definition and the whole-brain versus the brainstem concept, the prere (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cerebral vascular malformations: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cerebral-vascular-malformations) — Branching clinical structured oral on cerebral vascular malformations covering the classification, the neonatal high-output cardiac failure of the vein of Galen malformation, the B (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Concussion and mild traumatic brain injury — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/concussion-and-mild-traumatic-brain-injury) — Branching viva across three children presenting after a head injury: a fourteen-year-old rugby player dazed after a tackle who returned to play, testing sideline recognition, the i (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital myopathies and muscular dystrophies: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-myopathies-and-muscular-dystrophies) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric congenital myopathies and congenital muscular dystrophies covering the creatine kinase as the first diagnostic fork, the merosin-de (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Developmental regression and neurodegeneration — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/developmental-regression-and-neurodegeneration) — Branching viva on developmental regression and neurodegeneration: recognising regression as a red flag, distinguishing true progressive regression from plateau and static loss, gro (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/duchenne-and-becker-muscular-dystrophy) — Branching clinical structured oral on Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy covering the creatine kinase and the genetic confirmation by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplifi (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Epilepsy syndromes by age — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/epilepsy-syndromes-by-age) — Branching viva on naming the ILAE 2022 epilepsy syndrome from age, semiology and EEG; matching the syndrome to its first-choice antiseizure medicine; and defending the avoidance of (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Febrile seizures: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/febrile-seizures) — Branching clinical structured oral on febrile seizures: confirming the age-locked definition, classifying simple versus complex versus febrile status epilepticus, terminating a pro (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [First seizure and seizure mimics — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/first-seizure-and-seizure-mimics) — Branching viva across three children brought after a possible first seizure: a febrile toddler whose seizure has stopped, testing the febrile-versus-meningitis decision; a school-a (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute flaccid paralysis: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/guillain-barr-syndrome-and-acute-flaccid-paralysis) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute flaccid paralysis covering the Brighton diagnostic criteria, the albuminocytological dissociation (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Headache and migraine in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/headache-and-migraine-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on headache and migraine in children: applying the ICHD-3 criteria, screening for SNNOOP red flags, building the acute abortive pathway, and defe (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hydrocephalus and shunt emergencies: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hydrocephalus-and-shunt-emergencies) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric hydrocephalus and shunt emergencies covering the Rekate functional classification, the age-specific presentation of raised intracra (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/hypoxic-ischaemic-brain-injury) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury covering the primary versus secondary injury split, the THAPCA out-of-hospital and in-hospital trial (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Infantile spasms and developmental epileptic encephalopathy — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/infantile-spasms-and-developmental-epileptic-encephalopathy) — Branching viva on infantile spasms and the developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: applying the West syndrome triad and the ILAE 2022 IESS definition, interpreting hypsarrhyt (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/moderate-and-severe-traumatic-brain-injury) — Branching clinical structured oral on moderate and severe paediatric traumatic brain injury covering the Glasgow Coma Scale severity bands and the paediatric verbal modification, t (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Movement disorders, dystonia and chorea: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/movement-disorders-dystonia-and-chorea) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric movement disorders covering the definition and classification of chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, tics and tremor, the Albanese 2013 tw (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Myasthenia gravis and neuromuscular junction disorders: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/myasthenia-gravis-and-neuromuscular-junction-disorders) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric myasthenia gravis and neuromuscular junction disorders covering the fatigable fluctuating weakness with preserved reflexes and pupi (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neural tube defects and spinal dysraphism: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neural-tube-defects-and-spinal-dysraphism) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric neural tube defects and spinal dysraphism covering the open and closed classification, the periconceptional folic acid prophylaxis, (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurodegenerative and leukodystrophy disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neurodegenerative-and-leukodystrophy-disorders) — Branching viva on neurodegenerative and leukodystrophy disorders: reading the contrasted brain MRI to name the mechanism group, recognising the transplant emergency of cerebral X-l (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurogenetic conditions and precision diagnosis: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neurogenetic-conditions-and-precision-diagnosis) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric precision diagnosis covering the tiered genomic testing ladder and its diagnostic yields, the choice between chromosomal microarray (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurological examination across childhood — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neurological-examination-across-childhood) — Branching viva on the age-adapted paediatric neurological examination: holding the constant six-part framework while adapting technique to age, reading tone and reflexes through co (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neurorehabilitation and acquired brain injury: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neurorehabilitation-and-acquired-brain-injury) — Branching clinical structured oral on neurorehabilitation after acquired brain injury in children, covering the definition and the International Classification of Functioning frame (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Non-epileptic events and functional seizures — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/non-epileptic-events-and-functional-seizures) — Branching viva across three young people with non-epileptic events: a thirteen-year-old whose bizarre brief nocturnal attacks could be functional or frontal-lobe epilepsy, testing (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paediatric stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paediatric-stroke-and-cerebral-sinovenous-thrombosis) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis covering the classification, the arteriopathy cause search, the imaging pathway, the anti (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pain, feeding and respiratory care in severe neurodisability: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pain-feeding-and-respiratory-care-in-severe-neurodisability) — Branching clinical structured oral on the three threats that dominate severe neurodisability covering the principle that a change from baseline is pain or a treatable source until (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Peripheral neuropathies: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/peripheral-neuropathies) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric peripheral neuropathies covering the Charcot-Marie-Tooth classification with CMT1A from PMP22 duplication and CMT2A from MFN2, the (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Secondary headache and raised intracranial pressure — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/secondary-headache-and-raised-intracranial-pressure) — Branching viva across three children presenting with headache: a school-age child with a progressive morning headache and vomiting, testing red-flag recognition and the choice of i (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sleep disorders with neurological disease: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/sleep-disorders-with-neurological-disease) — Branching clinical structured oral on sleep disorders with neurological disease: applying the four-cluster classification, building the targeted investigation pathway from polysomn (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Spasticity, dystonia and tone management: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/spasticity-dystonia-and-tone-management) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric spasticity, dystonia and tone management covering the Sanger classification of hypertonia, the goal-directed principle, the Modifie (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Spinal cord compression and transverse myelitis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/spinal-cord-compression-and-transverse-myelitis) — Branching viva on the acute spinal cord syndrome in childhood: recognising that new back pain plus a neurological deficit is a cord emergency until an emergency whole-spine MRI pro (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Spinal muscular atrophy: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/spinal-muscular-atrophy) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric spinal muscular atrophy covering the SMN1 deletion genetics with the SMN2 copy number modifier and the exon 7 splicing defect, the (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Status epilepticus: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/status-epilepticus) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric status epilepticus covering the ILAE operational definition, the pharmacodynamic basis for declining benzodiazepine efficacy, the A (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tics and Tourette syndrome: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/tics-and-tourette-syndrome) — Branching clinical structured oral on tics and Tourette syndrome: applying the DSM-5 criteria, distinguishing tics from stereotypies and other mimics, building the stepped manageme (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Transition and advance care planning in neurodisability: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/transition-and-advance-care-planning-in-neurodisability) — Branching clinical structured oral on transition and advance care planning in young people with neurodisability, covering the distinction between transition and transfer, the Got T (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) ### ophthalmology - [Colour vision deficiency and inherited retinal disease: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/colour-vision-deficiency-and-inherited-retinal-disease) — Branching clinical structured oral on colour vision deficiency and inherited retinal disease in children, covering the Ishihara test and the X-linked red-green defect, the retiniti (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital cataract and glaucoma — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-cataract-and-glaucoma) — Branching structured-oral viva on congenital cataract and glaucoma: the red-reflex test and the leukocoria differential including retinoblastoma; deprivation amblyopia and the crit (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-nasolacrimal-duct-obstruction) — Branching viva on congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: recognising the white quiet watering eye with reflux on lacrimal-sac pressure, excluding congenital glaucoma, applying t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Conjunctivitis and red eye — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/conjunctivitis-and-red-eye) — Branching structured-oral viva on conjunctivitis and the red eye in children: the bacterial, viral and allergic forms, the adenoviral and IgE pathophysiology, the red-eye red flags (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Cortical visual impairment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cortical-visual-impairment) — Branching structured-oral viva on cortical visual impairment in children: the definition and the normal-eye clue, the cerebral-versus-cortical terminology, the perinatal causes dom (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Leukocoria and retinoblastoma: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/leukocoria-and-retinoblastoma) — Branching clinical structured oral on leukocoria and retinoblastoma in children, covering the red reflex test and the urgent referral, the RB1 tumour suppressor gene on chromosome (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ocular trauma and chemical injury — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/ocular-trauma-and-chemical-injury) — Branching structured-oral viva on paediatric ocular trauma and chemical injury: the irrigation-first principle for chemical injury, the recognise-shield-refer pathway for open glob (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ophthalmia neonatorum — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/ophthalmia-neonatorum) — Branching viva from a three-day-old with profuse purulent discharge and lid oedema, through the recognition of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, the emergency systemic treatment an (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/ophthalmic-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Branching clinical structured oral on the ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease in children, covering the silent uveitis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the ACR screen (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Paediatric eye examination and red-reflex assessment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paediatric-eye-examination-and-red-reflex-assessment) — Branching structured-oral viva on the paediatric eye examination and red-reflex assessment: the technique and physiology of the red-reflex (Bruckner) test, the classification and i (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Papilloedema and optic nerve disorders: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/papilloedema-and-optic-nerve-disorders) — Branching clinical structured oral on papilloedema and optic nerve disorders in children, covering the bilateral disc swelling of the raised intracranial pressure, the Friedman cri (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Preseptal and orbital cellulitis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/preseptal-and-orbital-cellulitis) — Branching structured-oral viva on preseptal and orbital cellulitis: the orbital septum distinction, the Chandler five-stage classification, the sinogenic pathophysiology through th (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Refractive error in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/refractive-error-in-children) — Branching structured-oral viva on refractive error in children: the optical principle of axial length set against corneal and lenticular power; the classification of myopia, hypero (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Strabismus and ocular motility disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/strabismus-and-ocular-motility-disorders) — Branching viva on childhood strabismus and ocular motility disorders: detecting a deviation with the cover test, deciding comitant versus incomitant, performing cycloplegic refract (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Urgent ophthalmology referral and childhood vision loss: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/urgent-ophthalmology-referral-and-childhood-vision-loss) — Branching clinical structured oral on urgent ophthalmology referral and childhood vision loss, covering the red reflex test and the same-day referral, the amblyopia sensitive perio (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Uveitis in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/uveitis-in-children) — Branching structured-oral viva on uveitis in children: the silent chronic anterior uveitis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis detected by slit-lamp screening, the SUN anatomical clas (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Visual development, amblyopia and vision screening in childhood — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/visual-development-amblyopia-and-vision-screening-in-childhood) — Branching viva beginning with a five-year-old found at school-entry screening to have reduced left eye acuity, moving through the recognition of amblyopia as a cortical deficit, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### paediatric-dermatology - [Acne vulgaris in adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acne-vulgaris-in-adolescents) — Branching viva on acne vulgaris in the adolescent: grading the comedonal versus the inflammatory disease, building the topical retinoid and benzoyl peroxide ladder with the antibio (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Alopecia and hair disorders in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/alopecia-and-hair-disorders-in-children) — Branching viva from an eight-year-old with a smooth bald patch and exclamation-mark hairs, through the recognition of alopecia areata, the autoimmune associations, the stepwise man (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Approach to rash in infants and children — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/approach-to-rash-in-infants-and-children) — Branching structured oral on the approach to a rash in an infant or child. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Congenital melanocytic naevi and pigmentary birthmarks — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-melanocytic-naevi-and-pigmentary-birthmarks) — Branching viva on the congenital pigmentary birthmarks: classifying the CMN by the projected adult size, stratifying the melanoma risk, recognising the neurocutaneous-melanocytosis (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Contact dermatitis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/contact-dermatitis) — Branching viva on contact dermatitis in children: distinguishing irritant from allergic disease, the distribution clues to a contactant, the patch-test procedure and its interpreta (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Drug eruptions including DRESS and AGEP — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/drug-eruptions-including-dress-and-agep) — Branching viva on drug eruptions in children: distinguishing a benign morbilliform rash from DRESS and AGEP by timing and systemic features, the pathophysiology of each, the RegiSC (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Epidermolysis bullosa and inherited blistering disorders — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/epidermolysis-bullosa-and-inherited-blistering-disorders) — Branching clinical structured oral on the classification, diagnostic biopsy and atraumatic multidisciplinary management of a neonate with inherited epidermolysis bullosa, including (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Genodermatoses and neurocutaneous skin findings — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/genodermatoses-and-neurocutaneous-skin-findings) — Branching structured-oral viva on paediatric genodermatoses and neurocutaneous syndromes: the NIH diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 and its café-au-lait macules, ski (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Impetigo and bacterial skin infection — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/impetigo-and-bacterial-skin-infection) — Branching structured-oral viva on impetigo and bacterial skin infection: the non-bullous and bullous forms, the exfoliative-toxin and desmoglein-1 pathophysiology, clinical diagnos (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Molluscum contagiosum and viral warts — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/molluscum-contagiosum-and-viral-warts) — Branching clinical structured oral on the diagnosis, pathophysiology and expectant-versus-active management of a child with molluscum contagiosum and a viral wart, including red fl (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nail disorders in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/nail-disorders-in-children) — Branching structured-oral viva on nail disorders in children: the nail unit anatomy and the site-based diagnostic principle; the common acquired disorders (onychomycosis, paronychi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nappy dermatitis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/nappy-dermatitis) — Branching viva on nappy dermatitis: separating the irritant from the candidal subtype at the bedside by the fold involvement and the satellite lesions, applying the stepwise manage (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Neonatal pustular and vesiculobullous eruptions — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neonatal-pustular-and-vesiculobullous-eruptions) — Branching structured-oral viva on a neonate presenting with a blister or pustule: the morphology-based classification into benign-transient, infectious and inherited causes; the be (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Petechiae, purpura and vasculitic rashes — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/petechiae-purpura-and-vasculitic-rashes) — Branching structured-oral viva on petechiae, purpura and vasculitic rashes in children: the sick-versus-well first split and the glass test, the emergency pathway for meningococcae (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Psoriasis in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/psoriasis-in-children) — Branching structured-oral viva on psoriasis in children: the chronic plaque and guttate forms and the paediatric-specific face, scalp, nail and napkin presentations; the IL-23 and (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Scabies, lice and infestations — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/scabies-lice-and-infestations) — Branching clinical structured oral on the recognition, pathophysiology and household-based management of a child with scabies, including the 2020 IACS criteria, the permethrin regi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Seborrhoeic dermatitis and cradle cap — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/seborrhoeic-dermatitis-and-cradle-cap) — Branching viva on infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis and cradle cap: recognising the greasy yellow scale over the scalp, face, flexures, and nappy area of the well, non-itchy infant, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Skin manifestations of systemic disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/skin-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Branching structured-oral viva on cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease in children: the six families of cutaneous signals (reactive erythemas, neutrophilic dermatoses, meta (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/stevens-johnson-syndrome-and-toxic-epidermal-necrolysis) — Branching structured-oral viva on Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: the SJS, overlap and TEN classification by body-surface-area detachment, the drug-specifi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Tinea and fungal skin infection — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/tinea-and-fungal-skin-infection) — Branching viva from a five-year-old with a scaly bald scalp patch and broken hair stubs, through the recognition of tinea capitis, the oral-therapy rule, the species-guided choice (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Vascular birthmarks and infantile haemangioma — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/vascular-birthmarks-and-infantile-haemangioma) — Branching structured-oral viva on vascular birthmarks and infantile haemangioma: the Mulliken and ISSVA tumour-versus-malformation fork, the GLUT1-positive endothelial-proliferatio (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### pain-palliative-and-end-of-life-care - [Acute nociceptive pain management — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-nociceptive-pain-management) — A branching viva following one postoperative child through the stepwise, multimodal management of acute nociceptive pain: the scored pain assessment, the WHO two-step ladder adapte (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Care in the last days of life — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/care-in-the-last-days-of-life) — Branching viva on care in the last days of life: definition and ethical standard, classification, stepwise plan, contested escalation, and family or sibling support. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Chronic primary and secondary pain in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/chronic-primary-and-secondary-pain-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on chronic primary and secondary pain in children, covering the framing of chronic primary pain and central sensitisation, the biopsychosocial as (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-17) - [Grief, bereavement and sibling support — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/grief-bereavement-and-sibling-support) — Branching viva on grief, bereavement and sibling support: definition and ethical standard, classification, stepwise plan, contested escalation, and family or sibling support. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Neuropathic pain in children: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neuropathic-pain-in-children) — Branching clinical structured oral on neuropathic pain in children: applying the IASP and NeuPSIG definition and grading system, recognising the bedside signs of allodynia and hype (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-17) - [Opioid stewardship and complex analgesia — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/opioid-stewardship-and-complex-analgesia) — A branching viva following one postoperative child through the setup of a morphine patient-controlled analgesia device, the weight-based and PCA dosing with the sedation-score moni (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,RCPCH Progress+,MRCPCH Clinical,ABP General Pediatrics,ACGME Pediatrics,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Organ and tissue donation in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/organ-and-tissue-donation-in-children) — Branching viva on organ and tissue donation in children: definition and ethical standard, classification, stepwise plan, contested escalation, and family or sibling support. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Paediatric palliative care principles and referral — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paediatric-palliative-care-principles-and-referral) — Branching viva on the principles and referral of paediatric palliative care: the WHO definition and parallel-care model, the four Together for Short Lives (ACT) categories with wor (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics,ABP General Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Pain assessment across developmental and cognitive abilities — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pain-assessment-across-developmental-and-cognitive-abilities) — Branching viva on paediatric pain assessment: self-report as the gold standard with the Faces Pain Scale-Revised and the Numerical Rating Scale; FLACC for the two-month to seven-ye (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Palliative care in cancer — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/palliative-care-in-cancer) — Branching viva on palliative care in childhood cancer: the World Health Organization definition and the concurrent parallel model, the early referral at the high-risk diagnosis, th (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Palliative care in neurodisability and genetic disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/palliative-care-in-neurodisability-and-genetic-disease) — Branching viva on palliative care in neurodisability and genetic disease: definition and ethical standard, classification, stepwise plan, contested escalation, and family or siblin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Symptom control in serious paediatric illness — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/symptom-control-in-serious-paediatric-illness) — Branching viva on symptom control in serious paediatric illness: the WHO two-step ladder and weight-based morphine dosing, the breakthrough opioid fraction, safe opioid rotation an (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/withholding-and-withdrawing-life-sustaining-treatment) — Branching viva on withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment: definition and ethical standard, classification, stepwise plan, contested escalation, and family or sibling (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) ### preventive-and-community-paediatrics - [Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child health — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-child-health) — Structured oral on cultural safety, ACCHO partnership, ear and lung inequities, racism as exposure, and ARF reasoning. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Adolescent preventive health care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/adolescent-preventive-health-care) — Branching viva on time alone, confidentiality, HEADSS/HEEADSSS, screens, safety overrides and transition. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Air pollution, tobacco smoke and vaping — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/air-pollution-tobacco-smoke-and-vaping-exposure) — Structured oral on SHS, third-hand smoke, youth vaping, household air pollution and acute EVALI principles. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Cardiovascular risk screening in childhood — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cardiovascular-risk-screening-in-childhood) — Viva on paediatric BP technique, lipid policy and FH. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Catch-up immunisation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/catch-up-immunisation-and-uncertain-vaccination-history) — Viva on uncertain history, invalid doses, live-vaccine spacing and multi-visit catch-up. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Childcare exclusion and infection prevention — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/childcare-attendance-exclusion-and-infection-prevention) — Structured oral on exclusion principles, hygiene evidence, gastroenteritis outbreaks and CMV counselling. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Childhood injury prevention — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/childhood-injury-prevention-and-anticipatory-guidance) — Structured oral on Haddon model, age-banded anticipatory guidance, passive strategies and modern household hazards. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Climate change, heat and child health — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/climate-change-heat-and-child-health) — Structured oral on heat-stroke cool-first care, sports prevention and climate-equity counselling. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Community needs assessment and child-health advocacy — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/community-needs-assessment-and-child-health-advocacy) — Viva on needs assessment, multi-level advocacy, partnership ethics and acute social-crisis branching. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmental and behavioural screening — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/developmental-and-behavioural-screening) — Branching viva on screening programme design, M-CHAT pathway, behavioural screening, equity and conversion. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Drowning prevention and water safety — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/drowning-prevention-and-water-safety) — Structured oral on drowning definition, age-specific risk, layered prevention and rescue priorities. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Environmental health and children's exposure risks — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/environmental-health-and-childrens-exposure-risks) — Structured oral on childhood vulnerability, CH2OPD2 history, wells, pesticides and PEHSU escalation. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Global child health and sustainable paediatric care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/global-child-health-and-sustainable-paediatric-care) — Viva on global under-five packages, equity coverage and sustainable care prioritisation. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Housing insecurity, food insecurity and child health — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/housing-insecurity-food-insecurity-and-child-health) — Structured oral on Hunger Vital Sign, housing domains, marginal food security and closed-loop care. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Immunisation principles and national schedule comparison — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/immunisation-principles-and-national-schedule-comparison) — Branching viva on vaccine platforms, valid doses, herd immunity, visit safety and national schedule comparison. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Indigenous child health and culturally safe care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/indigenous-child-health-and-culturally-safe-care) — Structured oral on cultural safety, racism as a determinant, clinic partnership and emergency priorities. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Infant health supervision 3–6 months — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/infant-health-supervision-3-to-6-months) — Structured oral on the 4–6 month visit: growth, milestones, safe sleep, maternal mood and feeding. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Infant health supervision 6–12 months — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/infant-health-supervision-6-to-12-months) — Branching structured oral on 6–12-month well-child visit structure, complementary feeding and iron, developmental red flags, safe sleep, and conversion of a well visit to acute car (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Infant health supervision birth to 3 months — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/infant-health-supervision-birth-to-3-months) — Branching viva from day-5 weight loss and jaundice to safe-sleep counselling, screening loop-closure and maternal depression action. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Lead exposure and poisoning prevention — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/lead-exposure-and-poisoning-prevention) — Structured oral on no-safe-level principle, screening, source control and TLC trial limits. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Māori child health, Te Tiriti and culturally safe care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/m-ori-child-health-te-tiriti-and-culturally-safe-care) — Structured oral on Te Tiriti principles, cultural safety, Hui Process, SUDI equity and ARF/ear pathways. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Newborn bloodspot screening for inherited metabolic disease and follow-up — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/newborn-bloodspot-screening-for-inherited-metabolic-disease-and-follow-up) — Branching viva from incomplete bloodspot cards through critical CH result, galactosaemia feed safety, MCADD education and parental refusal. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Newborn hearing screening — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/newborn-hearing-screening) — Branching viva from bilateral refer counselling through NICU modality choice, high-risk pass surveillance, cCMV progressive risk and lost-to-follow-up recovery. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Newborn preventive care and screening — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/newborn-preventive-care-and-screening) — Branching viva from incomplete newborn package through CCHD fail, hearing refer, vitamin K decline and rural transfer. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Passenger, bicycle, pedestrian and firearm safety — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/passenger-bicycle-pedestrian-and-firearm-safety) — Structured oral on restraint ladder, helmets, pedestrian supervision and firearm storage counselling. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Population health, epidemiology and prevention in paediatrics — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/population-health-epidemiology-and-prevention-in-paediatrics) — Viva on population definition, Rose strategy, Haddon matrix, herd immunity and low-value population testing. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Preschool health supervision — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/preschool-health-supervision) — Viva on preschool preventive visit structure, school readiness and referral. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Preventive paediatrics and the well-child visit — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/preventive-paediatrics-and-the-well-child-visit) — Branching viva on well-child visit architecture, development pathway, social determinants and conversion to acute care. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Rural, regional and remote child-health inequities — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/rural-regional-and-remote-child-health-inequities) — Viva on rural inequity mechanisms, readiness, telehealth versus retrieval and medical-home design. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Safe sleep and SUDI prevention — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/safe-sleep-and-sudden-unexpected-death-prevention) — Structured oral on definitions, triple-risk model, counselling and hazardous shared sleep. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [School health and school-based care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/school-health-and-school-based-care) — Viva on school health models, executable plans, anaphylaxis readiness and clinic–school integration. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [School-age health supervision — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/school-age-health-supervision) — Branching viva on school-age well visits, screening tiers and anticipatory guidance. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Screening test principles in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/screening-test-principles-in-children) — Viva on screening criteria, low-prevalence PPV, consent and false-positive pathways. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Sun protection and skin cancer prevention — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/sun-protection-and-skin-cancer-prevention) — Structured oral on layered photoprotection, childhood UV risk, indoor tanning and vitamin D. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Toddler health supervision: 1 to 3 years — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/toddler-health-supervision-1-to-3-years) — Viva on toddler preventive visit structure, autism screen pathway and safety counselling. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-11) - [Vaccine contraindications, precautions and adverse events — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/vaccine-contraindications-precautions-and-adverse-events) — Branching viva on vaccine safety triage, live-vaccine rules, anaphylaxis, AEFI interpretation and special populations. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Vaccine hesitancy and risk communication — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/vaccine-hesitancy-and-risk-communication) — Branching structured oral on hesitancy definition, 3Cs, recommendation style, myth response, refusal ethics and regional context. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) ### professional-practice-and-evidence - [Best-interests decisions and treatment limitation — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/best-interests-decisions-and-treatment-limitation) — Branching structured oral on best-interests decisions and treatment limitation: the benefits-versus-burdens balance, withholding versus withdrawing, futility, the window of opportu (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Breaking bad news and serious-illness communication — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/breaking-bad-news-and-serious-illness-communication) — Viva on structured breaking-bad-news conversation, prognostic disclosure and follow-up in paediatrics. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Clinical epidemiology and measures of effect — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/clinical-epidemiology-and-measures-of-effect) — Viva on computing and interpreting measures of effect in a paediatric study. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Clinician wellbeing, fatigue and sustainable practice — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/clinician-wellbeing-fatigue-and-sustainable-practice) — Viva on the Maslach burnout framework, the demands-resources mechanism, the fatigue-to-error cascade, the second-victim phenomenon, and the layered individual, team and organisatio (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Communicating risk and uncertainty to families — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/communicating-risk-and-uncertainty-to-families) — Viva on evidence-based risk and uncertainty communication with families in paediatrics. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Confidentiality with children and adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/confidentiality-with-children-and-adolescents) — Branching viva on conditional confidentiality, Gillick/Fraser capacity, the three override thresholds, parental requests, electronic-record breaches and safeguarding overrides. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Conflict, complaints and difficult clinical encounters — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/conflict-complaints-and-difficult-clinical-encounters) — Viva on de-escalating an angry parent, managing a goals-of-care dispute, responding to a complaint, and supporting the clinician as second victim. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Consent, parental responsibility and mature-minor frameworks — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/consent-parental-responsibility-and-mature-minor-frameworks) — Branching structured oral on paediatric consent: capacity domains, parental responsibility, mature-minor analysis, emergency necessity and refusal of life-saving care. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Developmentally appropriate communication — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/developmentally-appropriate-communication) — Branching viva on matching communication register, channel and privacy to developmental stage — preschool engagement, autistic adaptation, interpreter use, confidential adolescent (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Diagnostic accuracy and screening statistics — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/diagnostic-accuracy-and-screening-statistics) — Viva on diagnostic accuracy, likelihood ratios, screening bias and the appraisal of a diagnostic test in child health. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Ethical allocation of resources in paediatrics — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/ethical-allocation-of-resources-in-paediatrics) — Branching structured oral on ethical allocation of resources in paediatrics: scarcity classification, the four allocation principles, accountability for reasonableness, the locus o (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/evidence-based-medicine-and-critical-appraisal) — Viva on evidence-based medicine and the critical appraisal of a paediatric study. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Family-centred and child-rights-based care — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/family-centred-and-child-rights-based-care) — Branching structured oral on family-centred and child-rights-based care: the four core concepts, the four UNCRC principles, Hart's ladder, bedside delivery, and the boundary betwee (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Goals-of-care conversations and advance care planning for children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/goals-of-care-conversations-and-advance-care-planning-for-children) — Branching structured oral on goals-of-care conversations and advance care planning for children: the Serious Illness Conversation Guide, age-appropriate tools, prognostic disclosur (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Health literacy and accessible paediatric information — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/health-literacy-and-accessible-paediatric-information) — Branching structured oral on health literacy universal precautions, teach-back, plain language, millilitre dosing with oral syringes and pictograms, accessible discharge communicat (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [High-value care, stewardship and avoiding low-value interventions — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/high-value-care-stewardship-and-avoiding-low-value-interventions) — Viva on high-value care and reducing a low-value practice in a child-health service. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Implementation science and translating evidence into practice — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/implementation-science-and-translating-evidence-into-practice) — Viva on diagnosing the evidence-practice gap, choosing and applying frameworks (CFIR, Cabana, RE-AIM, knowledge-to-action), selecting ERIC strategies, measuring Proctor implementat (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Interpreting a systematic review — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/interpreting-systematic-reviews-and-clinical-guidelines) — Viva on interpreting a systematic review and a clinical practice guideline for a paediatric patient. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Leadership and interprofessional team management — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/leadership-and-interprofessional-team-management) — Viva on leading and managing an interprofessional team in child health: leadership styles, building a high-performing team, shared mental models, closed-loop communication, psychol (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Medication safety and error prevention in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/medication-safety-and-error-prevention-in-children) — Viva on the medication-use process, paediatric vulnerability, tenfold dosing errors, the Swiss-cheese mechanism, and the layered prevention and response system. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Medicolegal documentation and expert evidence — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/medicolegal-documentation-and-expert-evidence) — Viva on the witness-of-fact versus expert-witness distinction, the overriding duty to the court, structuring a medicolegal report, and surviving cross-examination in paediatrics. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Open disclosure and duty of candour — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/open-disclosure-and-duty-of-candour) — Viva on staged open disclosure, duty of candour, apology and the second victim after a patient safety incident in paediatrics. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Paediatric consultation with child, young person and family — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paediatric-consultation-with-child-young-person-and-family) — Structured oral on the triadic, developmentally-adapted paediatric consultation: Calgary-Cambridge structure, the age ladder, adolescent confidentiality and HEEADSSS, breaking bad (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Paediatric study design and bias — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paediatric-study-design-and-bias) — Viva on choosing study designs and assessing bias in paediatric research. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Patient safety, human factors and systems thinking — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/patient-safety-human-factors-and-systems-thinking) — Viva on Reason's Swiss cheese model, paediatric medication-safety risk, the adverse-event response pathway, the second victim, and just culture. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Professional boundaries and social media — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/professional-boundaries-and-social-media) — Viva on professional boundaries, the boundary spectrum, social media conduct, digital professionalism and the safeguard toolkit in paediatric practice. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Quality improvement methods in child health — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/quality-improvement-methods-in-child-health) — Viva on the Model for Improvement, aim and measure design, PDSA testing, run-chart interpretation, collaboratives, and appraising the strength of QI evidence in a child-health proj (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Reading a statistical result — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/biostatistics-for-paediatric-exams) — Viva on reading and defending the interpretation of a paediatric statistical result — confidence interval, p-value, test choice, regression and survival output. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Recognition, reporting and analysis of adverse events — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/recognition-reporting-and-analysis-of-adverse-events) — Branching viva on paediatric adverse event recognition, systems analysis, trigger tools, disclosure and second-victim support. (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Refusal of treatment and disagreement over care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/refusal-of-treatment-and-disagreement-over-care) — Viva on navigating a parental refusal, managing a blood-product refusal, escalating a goals-of-care dispute, and assessing an adolescent's competence to refuse. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Research ethics and assent in paediatric research — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/research-ethics-and-assent-in-paediatric-research) — Branching structured oral on paediatric research ethics: permission versus assent versus consent, the risk-benefit categories of Subpart D, therapeutic misconception, deferred cons (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Shared decision-making and assent in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/shared-decision-making-and-assent-in-children) — Branching structured oral on shared decision-making, consent versus assent, decision aids, child participation, capacity and disagreement across acute and chronic paediatric scenar (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Teaching, supervision and feedback in paediatrics — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/teaching-supervision-and-feedback-in-paediatrics) — Branching structured oral on the definition of feedback, the educational alliance, structured feedback models, debriefing with good judgment, entrustment and EPAs, unsafe practice, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Trauma-informed paediatric care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/trauma-informed-paediatric-care) — Viva on the SAMHSA trauma-informed care framework, the toxic-stress mechanism, ACE screening, and bedside application in paediatrics. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) - [Working with interpreters and culturally responsive communication — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/working-with-interpreters-and-culturally-responsive-communication) — Branching structured oral on interpreter modes, child-as-interpreter, false fluency, cultural competence and humility frameworks, adolescent confidentiality, and emergency and cons (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-11) ### respiratory-sleep-and-airway - [Acute severe and life-threatening asthma — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-severe-and-life-threatening-asthma) — Branching viva on acute severe and life-threatening asthma: grading severity, delivering and escalating the stepwise pathway, recognising the danger signs of impending respiratory (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Aspiration, swallowing dysfunction and chronic lung injury — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/aspiration-swallowing-dysfunction-and-chronic-lung-injury) — Branching viva on recognising chronic and silent aspiration, characterising the route with instrumental swallow assessment, running the multidisciplinary bundle of feeding modifica (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Asthma diagnosis and long-term control — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/asthma-diagnosis-and-long-term-control) — Branching viva from the definition and objective confirmation of childhood asthma through the phenotype and control classification, the inflammatory pathophysiology, the stepwise c (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPCH Progress+; updated=2026-07-15) - [Behavioural insomnia and circadian rhythm disorders — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/behavioural-insomnia-and-circadian-rhythm-disorders) — Branching viva from the classification of behavioural insomnia of childhood and the circadian rhythm disorders, through the two-process and melatonin physiology, the sleep history (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Bronchiectasis in children — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/bronchiectasis-in-children) — Branching structured oral on a child with a chronic wet cough, testing the suppurative lung disease continuum, the vicious cycle, the aetiological work-up, and the management of ch (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Bronchiolitis and viral lower respiratory tract infection — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/bronchiolitis-and-viral-lower-respiratory-tract-infection) — Branching viva on grading bronchiolitis severity, delivering supportive care, justifying why bronchodilators and steroids are withheld, recognising apnoea and the tiring infant, an (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Central sleep apnoea and hypoventilation syndromes — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/central-sleep-apnoea-and-hypoventilation-syndromes) — Branching viva from a neonate who hypoventilates in sleep with normal heart and lungs, through the recognition of a central control-of-breathing disorder, the ventilate-not-oxygena (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Chronic cough in children — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/chronic-cough-diagnostic-approach) — Branching structured oral on a preschool child with a chronic wet cough, testing definition, classification, specific pointers, protracted bacterial bronchitis management, and esca (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Community-acquired pneumonia — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/community-acquired-pneumonia) — Branching viva on grading childhood pneumonia severity, justifying oral amoxicillin and restrained imaging, choosing the route of therapy, recognising atypical pneumonia and empyem (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Congenital lung and airway malformations — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/congenital-lung-and-airway-malformations) — Branching structured oral on a large antenatally detected lung lesion progressing toward hydrops, testing antenatal risk stratification, fetal therapy, neonatal stabilisation and d (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Croup — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/croup) — Branching viva on grading croup severity, giving corticosteroid to every child, the role and limits of nebulised adrenaline, recognising the deteriorating airway, and distinguishin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Cystic fibrosis: diagnosis and screening — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cystic-fibrosis-diagnosis-and-screening) — Branching viva on interpreting a positive newborn screen, arranging and reading the confirmatory sweat test, applying the diagnostic criteria and thresholds, recognising clinical t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Cystic fibrosis: pulmonary and multidisciplinary management — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/cystic-fibrosis-pulmonary-and-multidisciplinary-management) — Branching viva on structuring the four pillars of cystic fibrosis pulmonary care, eradicating a first Pseudomonas isolate, managing a pulmonary exacerbation and its emergencies, an (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Epiglottitis and bacterial tracheitis: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/epiglottitis-and-bacterial-tracheitis) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric infective airway obstruction: distinguishing croup, epiglottitis, and bacterial tracheitis, the do-no-harm approach, controlled air (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/exercise-induced-bronchoconstriction) — Branching viva from the definition and objective confirmation of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction through its osmotic mechanism, the stepwise management that controls the under (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPCH Progress+; updated=2026-07-15) - [Foreign-body aspiration — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/foreign-body-aspiration) — Branching viva from the definition and phases of foreign-body aspiration through the choking basic-life-support algorithm, the imaging caveats, rigid bronchoscopy, and the missed r (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Interstitial lung disease in children — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/interstitial-lung-disease-in-children) — Branching structured oral on an infant with persistent tachypnoea and diffuse lung disease, testing the chILD syndrome, the age-based classification, the surfactant-dysfunction and (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia and vocal-cord dysfunction: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/laryngomalacia-tracheomalacia-and-vocal-cord-dysfunction) — Branching structured oral on dynamic airway collapse: localising the noisy airway by respiratory phase, the barking cough that does not respond to salbutamol, the spontaneously bre (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Narcolepsy and hypersomnolence — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/narcolepsy-and-hypersomnolence) — Branching viva from a school-aged child with new excessive daytime sleepiness and emotion-triggered loss of muscle tone, through the recognition of cataplexy and narcolepsy type 1, (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Neuromuscular respiratory failure and airway clearance — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/neuromuscular-respiratory-failure-and-airway-clearance) — Branching viva from a boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy with morning headaches and recurrent chest infections, through the recognition of the two-part pump-and-cough failure, th (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Non-invasive ventilation and home respiratory support — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/non-invasive-ventilation-and-home-respiratory-support) — Branching viva from the definition and modalities of non-invasive ventilation, through choosing CPAP versus bilevel, the neuromuscular child with a weak cough, the infant with bron (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Obstructive sleep apnoea in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/obstructive-sleep-apnoea-in-children) — Branching viva from the definition and severity classification of paediatric OSA, through the diagnostic role of polysomnography and oximetry, adenotonsillectomy and the CHAT trial (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Oxygen therapy and home oxygen in children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/oxygen-therapy-and-home-oxygen-in-children) — Branching viva from a hypoxaemic child with pneumonia, through the principle of prescribing oxygen to a saturation target band, the limits of the pulse oximeter, the meaning of a r (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Paediatric sleep investigations: polysomnography, sleep-study interpretation and MSLT — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/paediatric-sleep-investigations-polysomnography-sleep-study-interpretation-and-mslt) — Branching viva that moves from choosing the right sleep investigation for a snoring child, through interpreting a polysomnogram and its apnoea-hypopnoea index, into the role of car (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pleural effusion and empyema — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pleural-effusion-and-empyema) — Branching viva on recognising a parapneumonic effusion, choosing ultrasound over a plain film, staging with Light's criteria, giving antibiotics to every child, and deciding betwee (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pneumothorax and air-leak syndromes — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pneumothorax-and-air-leak-syndromes) — Branching structured oral on recognising tension physiology and managing pneumothorax and air-leak syndromes across childhood. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Primary ciliary dyskinesia — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/primary-ciliary-dyskinesia) — Branching viva from the definition and classification of primary ciliary dyskinesia, through the diagnostic pathway and cystic fibrosis exclusion, the pathophysiology of failed cle (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Pulmonary haemorrhage and haemoptysis — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pulmonary-haemorrhage-and-haemoptysis) — Branching structured oral on an adolescent with massive haemoptysis and a child with occult alveolar haemorrhage, testing the focal-versus-diffuse split, airway-first resuscitation (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Recurrent pneumonia in children — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/recurrent-pneumonia-and-localised-lung-disease) — Branching structured oral on a child with recurrent pneumonia, testing the definition, the same-site versus different-site classification, the structural and systemic causes, and t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Recurrent wheeze in preschool children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/recurrent-wheeze-in-preschool-children) — Branching viva from the definition and phenotype classification of preschool wheeze, through the Asthma Predictive Index and atopy risk stratification, the phenotype-matched preven (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Respiratory distress and failure in children — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/respiratory-distress-and-failure-in-children) — Branching structured oral on recognising the continuum from respiratory distress to failure and escalating support. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Respiratory manifestations of systemic disease — structured oral (viva)](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/respiratory-manifestations-of-systemic-disease) — Branching structured oral on a child with juvenile dermatomyositis and evolving breathlessness, testing recognition of connective tissue interstitial lung disease, the disease-spec (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) - [Spirometry and paediatric pulmonary-function testing — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/spirometry-and-paediatric-pulmonary-function-testing) — Branching viva from the definition of spirometry and the FEV1, FVC and ratio through the physiology of flow limitation, the obstructive and restrictive patterns, bronchodilator rev (exams=RACP DWE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPCH Progress+; updated=2026-07-15) - [Tracheostomy care and emergencies: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/tracheostomy-care-and-emergencies) — Branching clinical structured oral on paediatric tracheostomy care and emergencies: tube types, the blocked and displaced tube algorithm, the false passage risk of a fresh stoma, a (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-15) - [Upper-airway obstruction and stridor — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/upper-airway-obstruction-and-stridor) — Branching viva from the definition and localisation of stridor through the Westley grading and management of croup, the do-not-distress approach to the toxic airway, the inhaled fo (exams=RACP General Paediatrics,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-15) ### rheumatology-musculoskeletal-and-sports - [Acute monoarthritis and septic arthritis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/acute-monoarthritis-and-septic-arthritis) — Branching viva on acute monoarthritis and septic arthritis: applying the Kocher criteria, interpreting the synovial fluid, choosing the age-stratified empiric antibiotic, recognisi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [ANCA-associated and other childhood vasculitides — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/anca-associated-and-other-childhood-vasculitides) — Branching viva on ANCA-associated and other childhood vasculitides: classifying the vasculitides by vessel size and recognising the pulmonary-renal syndrome of granulomatosis with (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Angular, rotational and gait variants — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/angular-rotational-and-gait-variants) — Branching viva on the common physiologic variants of the growing lower limb: placing the child on the Salenius and Vankka developmental curve, applying the Staheli rotational profi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Back pain in children and adolescents — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/back-pain-in-children-and-adolescents) — Branching viva on back pain in children and adolescents: running the red-flag screen, recognising back pain under five as a red flag for discitis, applying the age-stratified diffe (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Bone pain and malignancy red flags — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/bone-pain-and-malignancy-red-flags) — Branching viva on paediatric bone pain and malignancy red flags: running the red-flag screen that separates benign limb pain from leukaemia, osteosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma; applyi (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Clubfoot and congenital limb anomalies: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/clubfoot-and-congenital-limb-anomalies) — Branching clinical structured oral on the clubfoot and the congenital limb anomalies, covering the four classical deformities and the CAVE mnemonic, the Ponseti method with the per (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Common paediatric fractures and growth-plate injury — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/common-paediatric-fractures-and-growth-plate-injury) — Branching viva on common paediatric fractures and growth-plate injury: reproducing the Salter-Harris classification and its prognosis, distinguishing the greenstick, buckle and pla (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Concussion and return to learn or play — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/concussion-and-return-to-learn-or-play) — Branching viva on sport-related concussion in the child and adolescent: recognising the concussion with the age-banded tool, running the red-flag screen, rejecting prolonged strict (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Developmental dysplasia of the hip — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip) — Branching viva on developmental dysplasia of the hip: performing the Ortolani and Barlow tests, grading the infant hip with the Graf ultrasound, choosing the age-stratified managem (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Heat illness, exertional collapse and sudden death prevention — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/heat-illness-exertional-collapse-and-sudden-death-prevention) — Branching viva on heat illness, exertional collapse and sudden death prevention: running the field-side collapse protocol from the pulse check to the rectal temperature, recognisin (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [IgA vasculitis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/iga-vasculitis) — Branching viva on IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein purpura): recognising the classic tetrad and applying the EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria, then branching to the corticosteroid eviden (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Juvenile dermatomyositis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/juvenile-dermatomyositis) — Branching viva on juvenile dermatomyositis: the clinical diagnosis of heliotrope rash and Gottron papules with proximal weakness, the classification criteria, the myositis-specific (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis) — Branching clinical structured oral on juvenile idiopathic arthritis, covering the ILAR classification with the seven categories and the oligoarticular dominance, the chronic anteri (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Musculoskeletal examination and the limping child — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/musculoskeletal-examination-and-the-limping-child) — Branching viva on the paediatric musculoskeletal examination and the limping child: performing the pGALS screen, applying the Kocher and Caird prediction rules to an irritable hip, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Nursemaid's elbow and common upper-limb injury — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/nursemaids-elbow-and-common-upper-limb-injury) — Branching viva on nursemaid's elbow and the common paediatric upper-limb injuries: recognising the classic traction history, reducing by hyperpronation on the Macias and Aksel evid (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Osteomyelitis and discitis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/osteomyelitis-and-discitis) — Branching viva on paediatric acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and discitis: the metaphyseal pathophysiology, the age-stratified microbiology including Kingella kingae, magnetic re (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pain amplification, juvenile fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pain-amplification-juvenile-fibromyalgia-and-complex-regional-pain-syndrome) — Branching clinical structured oral on amplified musculoskeletal pain, juvenile fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome, covering the central sensitization mechanism, the 20 (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Performance-enhancing substances in young athletes — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/performance-enhancing-substances-in-young-athletes) — Branching viva on performance-enhancing substances in the young athlete: the WADA prohibited list and strict liability, the recognition of anabolic-androgenic steroid use through t (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Periodic fever and autoinflammatory syndromes — viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/periodic-fever-and-autoinflammatory-syndromes) — Branching structured oral on the clockwork fever signature, the five periodic fever syndromes, the inflammasome mechanism and the pathway-targeted therapy. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Perthes disease — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/perthes-disease) — Branching viva on Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: the four radiographic phases of idiopathic avascular necrosis, the Herring lateral pillar classification, the containment principle, a (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Pre-participation sports evaluation — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/pre-participation-sports-evaluation) — Branching viva on the pre-participation sports evaluation: reproducing the AHA 14-element cardiovascular history and examination, recognising the exertional syncope and family-hist (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Primary immunodeficiency with rheumatic manifestations — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/primary-immunodeficiency-with-rheumatic-manifestations) — Branching viva on the rheumatic-immune overlaps in children: recognising that autoimmunity and immunodeficiency are two faces of one failing immune system, gating the overlap, clas (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Reactive arthritis and post-infectious inflammatory syndromes: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/reactive-arthritis-and-post-infectious-inflammatory-syndromes) — Branching clinical structured oral on reactive arthritis and the post-infectious inflammatory syndromes, covering the one-to-four-week latency and the trigger organisms, the HLA-B2 (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Relative energy deficiency in sport and athlete nutrition — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/relative-energy-deficiency-in-sport-and-athlete-nutrition) — Branching viva on relative energy deficiency in sport and athlete nutrition: defining energy availability and the disruption threshold, distinguishing the Female Athlete Triad from (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Scleroderma, mixed connective-tissue disease and overlap syndromes: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/scleroderma-mixed-connective-tissue-disease-and-overlap-syndromes) — Branching clinical structured oral on the paediatric scleroderma, covering the distinction between the localised scleroderma (morphea) and the juvenile systemic sclerosis, the Zuli (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Scoliosis and spinal deformity — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/scoliosis-and-spinal-deformity) — Branching viva on scoliosis and spinal deformity: defining the Cobb angle, staging the maturity, running the red-flag screen that separates the idiopathic from the non-idiopathic c (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Slipped capital femoral epiphysis — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/slipped-capital-femoral-epiphysis) — Branching viva on slipped capital femoral epiphysis: the Loder stability classification, the Southwick angle grading, the Klein's line and the frog-lateral radiograph, the single-s (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Sports injury prevention and overuse injuries — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/sports-injury-prevention-and-overuse-injuries) — Branching viva on overuse and preventable sports injuries in children and adolescents: separating the overuse (microtrauma) injury from the acute injury, naming the traction apophy (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) - [Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and macrophage activation syndrome: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-and-macrophage-activation-syndrome) — Branching clinical structured oral on systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and macrophage activation syndrome, covering the ILAR classification, the 2016 MAS criteria, the interl (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Systemic lupus erythematosus: Viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/systemic-lupus-erythematosus) — Branching clinical structured oral on childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: the EULAR/ACR 2019 weighted classification criteria, the type I interferon and immune-complex pa (exams=RACP DWE,RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical; updated=2026-07-16) - [Transient synovitis and the irritable hip — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/transient-synovitis-and-the-irritable-hip) — Branching viva on transient synovitis and the irritable hip: excluding septic arthritis with the Kocher criteria, interpreting the ultrasound effusion and the inflammatory markers, (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-16) ### rural-remote-and-contextual-paediatrics - [Advocacy, policy and health-service design for rural children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/advocacy-policy-and-health-service-design-for-rural-children) — Branching viva on advocacy, policy and health-service design for rural children. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Avoiding racism and institutional bias in child health — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/avoiding-racism-and-institutional-bias-in-child-health) — Branching viva on avoiding racism and institutional bias in child health. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Child protection in small and remote communities — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/child-protection-in-small-and-remote-communities) — Branching viva on child protection in small and remote communities. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Disaster, outbreak and public-health response for children — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/disaster-outbreak-and-public-health-response-for-children) — Branching viva on disaster, outbreak and public-health response for children. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Environmental, occupational and agricultural child health — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/environmental-occupational-and-agricultural-child-health) — Branching viva on environmental, occupational and agricultural child health. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Implementing culturally safe Indigenous care in rural and remote services — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/implementing-culturally-safe-indigenous-care-in-rural-and-remote-services) — Branching viva on implementing culturally safe indigenous care in rural and remote services. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Refugee, immigrant and humanitarian paediatrics — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/refugee-immigrant-and-humanitarian-paediatrics) — Branching viva on refugee, immigrant and humanitarian paediatrics. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Remote prescribing and medication access — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/remote-prescribing-and-medication-access) — Branching viva on remote prescribing and medication access. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Retrieval coordination and transfer risk — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/retrieval-coordination-and-transfer-risk) — Branching viva on retrieval coordination and transfer risk. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Rural developmental, disability and mental-health care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/rural-developmental-disability-and-mental-health-care) — Branching viva on rural developmental, disability and mental-health care. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Rural general paediatric practice and scope — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/rural-general-paediatric-practice-and-scope) — Branching viva on rural general paediatric practice and scope. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Rural newborn and acute paediatric care — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/rural-newborn-and-acute-paediatric-care) — Branching viva on rural newborn and acute paediatric care. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Stabilisation with limited paediatric resources — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/stabilisation-with-limited-paediatric-resources) — Branching viva on stabilisation with limited paediatric resources. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17) - [Telepaediatrics and remote specialist support — branching viva](https://medvellum.com/s/paediatrics/vivas/telepaediatrics-and-remote-specialist-support) — Branching viva on telepaediatrics and remote specialist support. (exams=RACP DCE,MRCPCH Clinical,RCPSC Pediatrics; updated=2026-07-17)