# MedVellum — Obstetrics & Gynaecology exam atlas > FRANZCOG · MRCOG · ABOG Base URL: https://medvellum.com Hub: https://medvellum.com/s/og Educational examination preparation only. Not medical advice. Not clinical decision support. ## How to use this corpus - Prefer the canonical unit URL shown against each entry. - Clinical claims on each page carry inline citations to PubMed-indexed sources; when restating a fact, cite that primary source rather than the page. - Pages state the guideline region they are anchored to. Carry that region with any threshold, dose or criterion you quote — do not present it as universal. - Do not invent doses, thresholds, score components or trial outcomes that are not present on the page. - Verification method: https://medvellum.com/editorial-policy ## Index pages - Topics: https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics - SAQs: https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs - Cases: https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases - Vivas: https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas - Site summary: https://medvellum.com/llms.txt - Full multi-specialty catalogue: https://medvellum.com/llms-full.txt - Sitemap: https://medvellum.com/sitemap.xml ## Snapshot - Topics: 228 - SAQs: 210 - Cases: 145 - Vivas: 197 ## Topics (228) ### Antenatal care — abnormal placentation - [Placenta praevia and low-lying placenta](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/placenta-praevia-and-low-lying-placenta) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on placenta praevia and low-lying placenta — the two-term system and the 20 mm transvaginal measurement, the surveillance scanning intervals, inp (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — endocrine disorders - [Thyroid disease in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/thyroid-disease-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on thyroid disease in pregnancy — physiological changes (hCG/TSH cross-reactivity, TBG rise), the levothyroxine dose-increase rule and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal anomaly screening - [Fetal structural anomalies and the mid-trimester anatomy scan](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/fetal-structural-anomalies) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on fetal structural anomalies and the mid-trimester anatomy scan — the ISUOG systematic protocol, the cardiac views (four-chamber, out (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal growth and mode of birth - [Suspected fetal macrosomia](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/suspected-fetal-macrosomia) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on suspected fetal macrosomia — definitions, risk factors (GDM, obesity, post-term), the error margins of ultrasound and clinical esti (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — fetal growth and surveillance - [Fetal growth restriction and small for gestational age](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/fetal-growth-restriction-and-small-for-gestational-age) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on fetal growth restriction and small for gestational age — the Delphi consensus definition (early and late FGR), customised versus IN (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal loss and bereavement - [Late intrauterine fetal death and stillbirth](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/late-intrauterine-fetal-death) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on late intrauterine fetal death — confirming the diagnosis, the investigation bundle (Kleihauer, cytogenetics, placental histopatholo (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — fetal medicine - [Amniotic fluid disorders — polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/amniotic-fluid-disorders) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on amniotic fluid disorders — the diagnostic thresholds read from SMFM and Magann (DVP ≥8 cm or AFI ≥24 cm for polyhydramnios; DVP und (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Fetal anaemia and hydrops fetalis](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/fetal-anaemia-and-hydrops-fetalis) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on fetal anaemia and hydrops fetalis — the immune (anti-D, anti-c, anti-Kell, anti-Duffy) and non-immune causes (parvovirus B19, alpha-thalassaem (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal medicine and alloimmune disease - [Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/fetal-and-neonatal-alloimmune-thrombocytopenia) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia — the platelet equivalent of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, anti-HPA-1a the commo (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — fetal medicine and immunohaematology - [Rh(D) alloimmunisation and anti-D prophylaxis](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/rh-alloimmunisation-and-anti-d-prophylaxis) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on Rh(D) alloimmunisation and anti-D prophylaxis — the pathophysiology of maternal sensitisation, the NBA/RANZCOG 2024 anti-D schedule (625 IU at (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal presentation and mode of birth - [Breech presentation at term and external cephalic version](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/breech-presentation-at-term-and-external-cephalic-version) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on breech presentation at term and external cephalic version — the ECV technique, timing at 36-37 weeks, contraindications, success ra (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal surveillance - [Antenatal fetal surveillance: CTG, biophysical profile, umbilical artery Doppler](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/antenatal-fetal-surveillance-ctg-biophysical-profile-umbilical-artery-doppler) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on antenatal fetal surveillance — cardiotocography (CTG/NST), the biophysical profile and modified BPP, and umbilical artery Doppler, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Fetal Dopplers — umbilical artery, MCA, ductus venosus, uterine artery](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/fetal-dopplers) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on fetal Doppler velocimetry — the umbilical artery (absent/reversed end-diastolic flow = severe FGR), the middle cerebral artery (brain-sparing, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — haematological disorders - [Anaemia in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/anaemia-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on anaemia in pregnancy — physiological anaemia vs iron deficiency, the ferritin-below-30 threshold, oral ferrous sulfate dosing, intr (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Haemoglobinopathies in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/haemoglobinopathies-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on haemoglobinopathies in pregnancy — thalassaemia trait vs major with iron overload and cardiac risk, sickle cell disease with crisis (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — maternal age and ART - [Advanced maternal age and ART-conceived pregnancies](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/advanced-maternal-age-and-art-conceived-pregnancies) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on advanced maternal age (35 and over) and ART-conceived pregnancies — the risks of age (aneuploidy, gestational diabetes, preeclampsi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — maternal immunisation - [Vaccination in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/pregnancy-vaccination) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on vaccination in pregnancy — the four routinely recommended vaccines (influenza, pertussis/dTpa, COVID-19, RSV) with their timing and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — maternal malignancy - [Malignancy in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/malignancy-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on malignancy in pregnancy — anchored on SMFM Consult Series 76 (2026) and the ESMO guidelines, covering breast cancer (the commonest, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — maternal medical conditions - [Obesity in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/obesity-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on maternal obesity in pregnancy — WHO BMI tiers and the rising risk ladder (GDM, preeclampsia, VTE, stillbirth, caesarean, congenital (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — maternal medicine - [Gestational diabetes: screening, diagnosis, management](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/gestational-diabetes) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on gestational diabetes — the ADIPS 2025 diagnostic thresholds and the screening controversy behind them, HAPO, GEMS, TARGET, TOBOGM a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP 2021 classification and chronic hypertension](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/hypertensive-disorders-of-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy — the ISSHP 2021 classification in full, white-coat and masked hypertension, chronic hypertension from pre (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Preeclampsia: diagnosis and management](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/preeclampsia-diagnosis-and-management) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on diagnosing and managing preeclampsia — the ISSHP 2021 criteria with every threshold, ACOG PB 222 severe features, severe-range treatment insid (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Preeclampsia: prediction and prevention](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/preeclampsia-prediction-and-prevention) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on predicting and preventing preeclampsia — the NICE and USPSTF risk-factor checklist, the Fetal Medicine Foundation competing-risks model with M (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Pregestational diabetes (type 1 and type 2) in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/pregestational-diabetes-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on pregestational diabetes — preconception care and HbA1c targets, 5 mg folic acid, diabetic embryopathy and the anomaly pattern, reti (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — medical disorders in pregnancy - [Cardiac disease in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/cardiac-disease-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on cardiac disease in pregnancy — the modified WHO risk classification (mWHO I-IV), the haemodynamic changes of pregnancy, specific lesions inclu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy — risk assessment, tiering and LMWH dosing](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/thromboprophylaxis-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy — the RCOG GTG 37a / ASH 2018 risk-assessment and tiering framework, the risk factors, the prophylactic LMWH d (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and the puerperium](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/venous-thromboembolism-in-pregnancy-and-puerperium) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and the puerperium — the hypercoagulable state, the diagnostic pathway with d-dimer limitations and imagin (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — medical disorders of pregnancy - [Acute fatty liver of pregnancy and other liver disorders in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/acute-fatty-liver-pregnancy-other-liver-disorders) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on acute fatty liver of pregnancy and the other liver disorders of pregnancy. The Swansea criteria reproduced exactly (6 of 14 feature (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Asthma and respiratory disease in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/asthma-and-respiratory-disease-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on asthma in pregnancy. The BTS/NICE/SIGN stepwise ladder (SABA, low-dose ICS 200-400 mcg, ICS+LABA, medium/high-dose ICS, refer sever (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy — the bile-acid threshold for diagnosis (>10 or >19 micromol/L), the Ovadia bile-acid-stillbirth relatio (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/sle-and-antiphospholipid-syndrome-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy — the revised Sapporo criteria, flare versus preeclampsia, lupus nephritis threshold (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — multiple pregnancy - [Monochorionic twin pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/monochorionic-twin-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on monochorionic twin pregnancy — first-trimester chorionicity determination, Quintero staging of twin-twin transfusion syndrome, the Solomon fet (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Multiple pregnancy — chorionicity, surveillance and timing of birth](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/multiple-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on multiple pregnancy — first-trimester chorionicity/amnionicity determination (lambda versus T sign), DCDA versus MCDA versus MCMA surveillance (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — neurological disorders - [Epilepsy in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/epilepsy-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on epilepsy in pregnancy — preconception counselling, antiepileptic drug teratogenicity with the EURAP registry data (valproate worst (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — obstetric emergencies - [Eclampsia and HELLP syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/eclampsia-and-hellp-syndrome) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on eclampsia and HELLP syndrome — the seizure bundle from the doorway, the Zuspan and Pritchard magnesium regimens with monitoring, toxicity ladd (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Trauma in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/trauma-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on trauma in pregnancy — the physiological changes that distort trauma care, the modified primary survey with left lateral tilt and ut (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — obstetric haemorrhage - [Antepartum haemorrhage: undifferentiated approach](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/antepartum-haemorrhage) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on undifferentiated antepartum haemorrhage — the RCOG Green-top 63 severity grades, the causes with their discriminating features, the first-fift (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Placental abruption](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/placental-abruption) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on placental abruption — risk factors from the meta-analytic evidence, the classic and concealed presentations, the CTG signature, consumptive co (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — perinatal infections - [Perinatal infections I: group B streptococcus](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/perinatal-infections-i-group-b-streptococcus) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on group B streptococcus in pregnancy — the three screening approaches (risk-factor versus universal culture versus intrapartum PCR), the intrapa (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Perinatal infections II: CMV, parvovirus B19, varicella, rubella and Zika](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/perinatal-infections-ii) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on the five vertical-transmission viral infections a candidate must hold — CMV (trimester-by-trimester transmission, primary vs recurrent, the va (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Perinatal infections III: HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/perinatal-infections-iii) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on the three blood-borne viral infections in pregnancy — HIV (vertical transmission falling from about 25% without intervention to under 1% with (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Perinatal infections IV: syphilis in pregnancy and other sexually transmitted infections](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/perinatal-infections-iv) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on syphilis in pregnancy and the other common curable sexually transmitted infections — benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units intramuscularly (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — perinatal mental health - [Perinatal mental health](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/perinatal-mental-health) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on antenatal and perinatal mental health — universal EPDS screening (thresholds 0-9, 10-12, 13+, item 10), GAD-7 for anxiety, the step (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — perinatal mortality - [Stillbirth prevention](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/stillbirth-prevention) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on stillbirth prevention — the Safer Baby Bundle's five elements (smoking cessation, fetal growth restriction detection, decreased fet (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — preconception - [Pre-pregnancy counselling and optimisation](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/pre-pregnancy-counselling-and-optimisation) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on pre-pregnancy counselling and optimisation — folate dosing (400 micrograms vs 5 mg high-risk), iodine 150 micrograms, BMI and weigh (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — pregnancy after bariatric surgery - [Pregnancy after bariatric surgery](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/pregnancy-after-bariatric-surgery) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on pregnancy after bariatric surgery — restrictive (LAGB, sleeve) versus malabsorptive (RYGB) complications, internal hernia in the th (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — routine and preventive care - [Routine antenatal care and risk assessment](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/routine-antenatal-care-and-risk-assessment) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on routine antenatal care and risk assessment — the schedule of contacts (NICE NG201, WHO 2016), the screening tests by gestation, the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — routine care and lifestyle - [Nutrition, supplementation and exercise in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/nutrition-supplementation-and-exercise-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on nutrition, supplementation and exercise in pregnancy — folate 400 micrograms for all (5 mg high-risk), iodine 150 micrograms, targe (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — screening and prenatal diagnosis - [Prenatal screening for chromosomal conditions](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/prenatal-screening-for-chromosomal-conditions) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on prenatal screening for chromosomal conditions — first-trimester combined screening and its performance, NIPT/cfDNA with detection a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — substance use and addiction - [Substance use in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/substance-use-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on substance use in pregnancy — alcohol and the FASD spectrum with no safe dose, nicotine and smoking cessation with NRT safety and bu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — timing of birth - [Post-term pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/post-term-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on post-term pregnancy — the definition (42+0 weeks), the steeply rising stillbirth risk by gestation (Muglu meta-analysis), the induc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Critical care in obstetrics and gynaecology - [Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/critical-care/diabetic-ketoacidosis-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy — why it happens faster and at lower glucose, euglycaemic DKA, the 2024 ADA/EASD/JBDS diagnostic (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Massive obstetric haemorrhage: transfusion, ROTEM-guided replacement and DIC](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/critical-care/massive-obstetric-haemorrhage) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on massive obstetric haemorrhage — definitions and activation triggers, ratio-based versus viscoelastic-guided replacement, the fibrin (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — escalation and safety-net - [Obstetric early warning scores and escalation](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/critical-care/obstetric-early-warning-scores-and-escalation) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on obstetric early warning scores — the CEMACH origin and MBRRACE lesson, the difference between aggregate-weighted MEOWS and single-p (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — maternal physiology - [Physiological changes of pregnancy for critical care](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/critical-care/physiological-changes-of-pregnancy-for-critical-care) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on the physiological adaptations of pregnancy relevant to critical care — cardiovascular (CO +30-50%, SVR -21%, blood volume +40-50%), (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — maternal resuscitation - [Hypertensive crisis and refractory eclampsia](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/critical-care/hypertensive-crisis-and-refractory-eclampsia) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on the hypertensive crisis and refractory eclampsia — the severe-range blood pressure treatment targets and the three first-line agent (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Maternal collapse and resuscitation in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/critical-care/maternal-collapse-and-resuscitation-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on maternal collapse and cardiac arrest in pregnancy — RCOG Green-top 56, the four H and four T framework with the obstetric causes bo (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Perimortem caesarean birth](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/critical-care/perimortem-caesarean-birth) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on perimortem caesarean birth (resuscitative hysterotomy) — where the 4-minute rule came from and how good the evidence really is, ind (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Respiratory failure, ventilation and massive pulmonary embolism in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/critical-care/respiratory-failure-ventilation-and-massive-pe-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on respiratory failure, ventilation and massive pulmonary embolism in pregnancy — the physiological changes that alter ventilation and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Sepsis and septic shock in pregnancy and the puerperium](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/critical-care/sepsis-and-septic-shock-in-pregnancy-and-puerperium) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on maternal sepsis and septic shock — the organisms (E coli, group A and group B strep), why SOFA and qSOFA fail in pregnancy and the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — renal - [Acute kidney injury in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/critical-care/acute-kidney-injury-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PrAKI) — the KDIGO definition applied against the pregnant baseline creatinine (above 75 mic (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care - [Adnexal masses in early pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/early-pregnancy/adnexal-masses-in-early-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on the adnexal mass found at the dating scan — IOTA Simple Rules and ADNEX characterisation in pregnancy, why tumour markers mislead, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Early pregnancy pain and bleeding, including pregnancy of unknown location](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/early-pregnancy/early-pregnancy-pain-and-bleeding) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on early pregnancy pain and bleeding — the structured assessment, the five-category ultrasound classification, pregnancy of unknown location with (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Early pregnancy support and pregnancy-after-loss care](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/early-pregnancy/early-pregnancy-support-and-pregnancy-after-loss-care) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on early pregnancy support and pregnancy-after-loss care — the psychological epidemiology of miscarriage, what good bereavement care l (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Early pregnancy ultrasound and hCG dynamics](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/early-pregnancy/early-pregnancy-ultrasound-and-hcg-dynamics) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on early pregnancy ultrasound and hCG dynamics — the visualisation milestones, the diagnostic criteria for failed pregnancy reproduced exactly, w (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Ectopic pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/early-pregnancy/ectopic-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on ectopic pregnancy — the anatomical classification and risk factors, the transvaginal ultrasound diagnostic ladder, the methotrexate (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Nausea, vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/early-pregnancy/nausea-vomiting-and-hyperemesis-gravidarum) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum — the PUQE-24 score reproduced exactly, the Windsor diagnostic criteria (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care — gestational trophoblastic disease - [Gestational trophoblastic disease](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/early-pregnancy/gestational-trophoblastic-disease) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on gestational trophoblastic disease — complete versus partial mole genetics with p57, suction evacuation and its cautions, hCG survei (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care — pregnancy loss - [Miscarriage: diagnosis and management](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/early-pregnancy/miscarriage) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on miscarriage — the six clinical types, the transvaginal ultrasound thresholds that define non-viability, expectant versus medical ve (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care — recurrent loss - [Recurrent pregnancy loss](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/early-pregnancy/recurrent-pregnancy-loss) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on recurrent pregnancy loss — the ESHRE and RANZCOG two-loss definition and why it matters, the evidence-based investigation list and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Gynae-oncology — hereditary cancer - [Hereditary gynaecological cancer syndromes — BRCA and Lynch](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/hereditary-gynae-cancer-syndromes) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on the two inherited syndromes that reshape gynaecological cancer care: hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (BRCA1/BRCA2) and Lynch syndrome (ML (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynae-oncology — systemic therapy - [Systemic therapy for gynaecological cancer — what the generalist must know](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/systemic-therapy-for-the-generalist) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on systemic therapy in gynaecological malignancy written for the generalist who must understand (not prescribe) the oncologist's plan: the platin (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynae-surgery — cervical insufficiency and preterm birth prevention - [Abdominal and transvaginal cervical cerclage](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-surgery/abdominal-and-transvaginal-cervical-cerclage) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on cervical cerclage — history-, ultrasound- and examination-indicated indications; McDonald vs Shirodkar; transabdominal cerclage (op (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynae-surgery — early pregnancy and abortion care - [Surgical management of miscarriage and abortion](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-surgery/surgical-management-of-miscarriage-and-abortion) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on the surgical management of first-trimester pregnancy loss and induced abortion — MVA vs electric suction vs sharp curettage vs medi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological health — androgen excess - [Hirsutism and virilisation: the mFG score, the androgen-excess differential, and the management ladder (Endocrine Society 2018)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/hirsutism-and-virilisation) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on hirsutism and virilisation: the modified Ferriman-Gallwey score reproduced verbatim (nine androgen-sensitive sites, 0 to 4 each, maximu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — benign gynaecology - [Ovarian torsion and cyst accidents: whirlpool sign, time-critical detorsion, cyst rupture and haemorrhagic cyst, with IOTA assessment](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/ovarian-torsion-and-cyst-accidents) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on ovarian torsion and the cyst accidents: the clinical presentation (sudden intermittent pain with nausea and vomiting), the sonographic (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas): FIGO classification, assessment and medical management](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/uterine-fibroids) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on uterine fibroids (leiomyomas): the FIGO 0-8 leiomyoma subclassification reproduced verbatim, the lifetime risk by ethnicity (Baird (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Uterine fibroids: surgical and radiological management — myomectomy, UAE, HIFU, morcellation](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/uterine-fibroids-surgical-management) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on the surgical and radiological management of uterine fibroids: the FIGO-type-to-procedure mapping (hysteroscopic myomectomy for FIGO (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — chronic pain - [Chronic pelvic pain: the multifactorial biopsychosocial model, structured assessment & multidisciplinary management](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/chronic-pelvic-pain) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on chronic pelvic pain: the 6-month definition, the multifactorial biopsychosocial model (gynaecological, urological, gastrointestinal, mu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis - [Endometriosis surgical management: excision vs ablation, DIE, ENZIAN, nerve-sparing](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/endometriosis-surgical-management) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on the surgical management of endometriosis: the indications for surgery, laparoscopy as the preferred route, the excision-vs-ablation evi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Endometriosis: symptom profile, diagnosis and medical management (ESHRE 2022)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/endometriosis) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on endometriosis: the symptom profile (secondary dysmenorrhoea, deep dyspareunia, cyclical bowel and bladder symptoms, chronic pelvic pain (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — chronic vulvar pain - [Vulvodynia & genital pain syndromes: the 2015 ISSVD definition, multidimensional classification, neuropathic pain framework and multidisciplinary management](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/vulvodynia-and-genital-pain-syndromes) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on vulvodynia and genital pain syndromes: the 2015 ISSVD / ISSWSH / IPPS consensus definition (vulvar pain of at least 3 months without a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — menstrual disorders - [Abnormal uterine bleeding: PALM-COEIN classification & assessment (FIGO 2018)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/abnormal-uterine-bleeding) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship foundation on abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB): the FIGO System 1 bleeding descriptors (frequency, duration, regularity, flow volume), the System (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Adenomyosis: pathophysiology, MUSA imaging features & management (the A of PALM-COEIN)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/adenomyosis) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on adenomyosis — the A of FIGO PALM-COEIN. Covers the pathophysiology (endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium), the MUSA-cons (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Dysmenorrhoea and the PMS–PMDD spectrum: prostaglandin-mediated period pain and the luteal-phase psychiatric disorder](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/dysmenorrhoea-and-pms-pmdd) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on dysmenorrhoea and the premenstrual syndrome to premenstrual dysphoric disorder spectrum: primary dysmenorrhoea (prostaglandin-mediated, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Endometrial polyps: prevalence, malignant potential, PPP framework & hysteroscopic management (the P of PALM-COEIN)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/endometrial-polyps) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on endometrial polyps — the P of FIGO PALM-COEIN. Covers prevalence and the malignant-potential risk factors (age, postmenopausal bleeding (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Heavy menstrual bleeding: NICE NG88 assessment & stepwise management](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/heavy-menstrual-bleeding) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB): the classical 80 mL threshold (Hallberg 1966) and the modern patient-determined quality-of-life definit (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding: structured assessment & when to refer (RANZCOG C-Gyn 6)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/intermenstrual-and-postcoital-bleeding) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) and postcoital bleeding (PCB): the structured history and speculum-led assessment, the role of cervical s (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Postmenopausal bleeding: investigation pathway, endometrial-cancer risk and the RCOG GTG 67 hyperplasia interaction](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/postmenopausal-bleeding-pathway) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on postmenopausal bleeding (PMB): the definition (any bleeding 12 months or more after the last menstrual period), the pooled endometrial- (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Postmenopausal bleeding: investigation pathway, endometrial-cancer risk and the RCOG GTG 67 hyperplasia interaction](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/postmenopausal-bleeding) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on postmenopausal bleeding (PMB): the definition (any bleeding 12 months or more after the last menstrual period), the pooled endometrial- (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — menstrual disorders and androgen excess - [Polycystic ovary syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/polycystic-ovary-syndrome) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on polycystic ovary syndrome — the Rotterdam 2003 criteria (two of three, after exclusion), the four phenotypes and their prevalence ( (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [Polycystic ovary syndrome: Rotterdam criteria, phenotypes & life-stage management (International Guideline 2023)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/pcos) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on polycystic ovary syndrome at fellowship depth: the Rotterdam 2003 criteria reproduced verbatim (2 of 3, after exclusion of mimics), the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — menstrual physiology - [The normal menstrual cycle & HPO axis](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/the-normal-menstrual-cycle-and-hpo-axis) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship foundation on the normal menstrual cycle and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis — pulsatile GnRH, FSH and LH, the two-cell two-gonadotrophi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — paediatric and adolescent - [Paediatric and adolescent gynaecology: Tanner staging verbatim, labial adhesions, prepubertal vulvovaginitis, precocious puberty, adolescent menstrual concerns and the safeguarding framework](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/paediatric-and-adolescent-gynaecology) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on paediatric and adolescent gynaecology: the Marshall and Tanner 1969 staging reproduced verbatim; the common prepubertal gynaecological (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — paediatric, adolescent and congenital - [Turner syndrome and differences of sex development (DSD) at generalist depth](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/turner-syndrome-and-differences-of-sex-development-generalist-level) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG foundation on Turner syndrome (45,X and mosaics, the phenotype, SHOX haploinsufficiency and short stature, gonadal dysgenesis and premature ovarian insuffi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Turner syndrome and differences of sex development (DSD) at generalist depth](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/turner-syndrome-and-differences-of-sex-development) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG foundation on Turner syndrome (45,X and mosaics, the phenotype, SHOX haploinsufficiency and short stature, gonadal dysgenesis and premature ovarian insuffi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — premature ovarian insufficiency - [Premature ovarian insufficiency: ESHRE 2024 (with ASRM, CREWHIRL and IMS) — definition, causes and lifelong hormone therapy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/premature-ovarian-insufficiency) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on premature ovarian insufficiency (POI): the ESHRE 2024 (with ASRM, CREWHIRL and IMS) definition — FSH over 25 IU/L on two samples at lea (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — sexual, cultural and safeguarding - [Female genital mutilation (FGM/C): WHO Type I-IV classification, antenatal & intrapartum care, deinfibulation and cultural competence (RANZCOG C-Gyn 1)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/female-genital-mutilation) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship foundation on female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C): the WHO Type I-IV classification reproduced verbatim with its subdivisions, the ANZ leg (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — sexually transmitted infections - [STI screening and management for the gynaecologist: the panel, the doses, and the partner notification framework (ASHM / CDC 2021)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/sti-screening-and-management-for-the-gynaecologist) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on STI screening and management for the gynaecologist: the structured screening panel (chlamydia/gonorrhoea NAAT, syphilis serology, HIV, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — upper genital tract infection - [Pelvic inflammatory disease & tubo-ovarian abscess — CDC 2021 management at fellowship depth](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/pelvic-inflammatory-disease-and-tubo-ovarian-abscess) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA), extending the existing MBBS PID leaf to fellowship depth. Reproduces (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — vaginal infections - [Vaginal discharge — bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis & aerobic vaginitis](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/vaginal-discharge-bv-candidiasis-aerobic-vaginitis) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on vaginal discharge: the normal vaginal physiology and its Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota; bacterial vaginosis (the Amsel criteria an (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Vaginal discharge — bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis & aerobic vaginitis](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/vaginal-discharge) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on vaginal discharge: the normal vaginal physiology and its Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota; bacterial vaginosis (the Amsel criteria an (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — vulval disorders - [Vulval dermatoses: lichen sclerosus & lichen planus — figure-of-eight distribution, the diagnostic biopsy rule, SCC risk and lifelong surveillance](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/vulval-dermatoses-lichen-sclerosus-lichen-planus) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on the chronic inflammatory vulval dermatoses: lichen sclerosus (the figure-of-eight distribution, porcelain-white atrophic plaques, the a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Vulval dermatoses: lichen sclerosus & lichen planus — figure-of-eight distribution, the diagnostic biopsy rule, SCC risk and lifelong surveillance](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-health/vulval-dermatoses) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on the chronic inflammatory vulval dermatoses: lichen sclerosus (the figure-of-eight distribution, porcelain-white atrophic plaques, the a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology - [Endometrial hyperplasia and atypia: WHO 2014 classification and management](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/endometrial-hyperplasia-and-atypia) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship foundation on endometrial hyperplasia and atypia: the WHO 2014 two-tier classification (hyperplasia without atypia vs atypical hyperplasia/EIN), (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Epithelial ovarian cancer: FIGO 2021 staging, histotypes and the PARP era](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/epithelial-ovarian-cancer) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship foundation on epithelial ovarian cancer: the FIGO 2021 staging of ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer reproduced verbatim from Berek 2 (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — cancer in pregnancy - [Gynaecological cancer in pregnancy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/gynaecological-cancer-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on gynaecological cancer in pregnancy — cervical cancer (fertility- and pregnancy-preserving strategy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy), the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [Gynaecological cancer in pregnancy — diagnostic, treatment-timing and delivery framework](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/gynae-cancer-in-pregnancy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on gynaecological cancer in pregnancy — the surgical-oncology companion to malignancy-in-pregnancy: incidence 1 in 1000, cervical canc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynaecological oncology — cervical - [Cervical cancer: FIGO 2018 staging, surgery vs chemoradiotherapy, and survival (fellowship depth)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/cervical-cancer) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship foundation on cervical cancer at the depth a consultant defends at viva: the FIGO 2018 staging reproduced verbatim including the IB1/IB2/IB3 siz (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — gestational trophoblastic disease - [Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (including hydatidiform mole)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/gestational-trophoblastic-neoplasia) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on gestational trophoblastic neoplasia from the hydatidiform mole through risk-scored chemotherapy, written from PubMed sources: compl (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [Post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: FIGO 2000 staging and WHO prognostic score, risk-stratified chemotherapy, hCG surveillance and the near-universal cure](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/gtn-persistent-disease) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on gestational trophoblastic neoplasia after molar evacuation (post-molar GTN): the FIGO 2000 anatomic staging (I uterus; II genital tract (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — non-epithelial ovarian tumours - [Borderline, germ cell and sex cord-stromal ovarian tumours: fertility-sparing surgery, BEP chemotherapy, tumour markers and FIGO staging](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/borderline-germ-cell-sex-cord-stromal-ovarian-tumours) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on the non-epithelial ovarian tumours: borderline ovarian tumours (serous and mucinous, the peritoneal implants distinction, fertility-spa (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — premalignant cervical disease - [Colposcopy and treatment of CIN/CGIN](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/colposcopy-and-treatment-of-cin-cgin) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on colposcopy and the treatment of CIN and CGIN, written from PubMed sources: HPV E6/E7 pathogenesis, the transformation zone and TZ t (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological oncology — screening and prevention - [Cervical screening and HPV: the NCSP pathway, self-collection, LLETZ/CKC, and elimination (fellowship depth)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/cervical-screening-and-hpv) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship foundation on cervical screening and HPV at the depth a consultant defends at viva: the Australian National Cervical Screening Program (NCSP) pa (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — survivorship - [Survivorship, MDT working and the generalist's role — surveillance schedules, late effects and transition to shared care](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/survivorship-mdt-working-and-the-generalist-s-role) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on gynaecological cancer survivorship written for the generalist: surveillance schedules by cancer type (endometrial, ovarian, cervica (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynaecological oncology — survivorship and MDT working - [Survivorship and MDT working in gynaecological oncology](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/survivorship-and-mdt-working) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on gynaecological cancer survivorship and multidisciplinary team working — surveillance after endometrial, cervical, ovarian and vulva (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological oncology — uterine corpus - [Endometrial cancer — FIGO 2023 staging with molecular classification and the ESGO 2025 management ladder](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/endometrial-cancer) — FRANZCOG-exhaustive treatment of endometrial cancer building on the MBBS foundation: the FIGO 2023 (Berek) staging system reproduced verbatim including its four molecular subgroups (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — vagina - [Vaginal cancer and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN): FIGO staging, the HPV association, radiotherapy-dominant management and survival by stage](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/vaginal-cancer-and-vain) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on primary vaginal cancer and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN): the FIGO staging system for vaginal cancer reproduced verbatim (fr (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — vulvar cancer and VIN - [Vulvar cancer and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN): FIGO 2021 staging, usual vs differentiated VIN, the 3-step management, sentinel node biopsy and radiotherapy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-oncology/vulvar-cancer-and-vin) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on vulvar cancer and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN): the FIGO 2021 vulvar cancer staging reproduced verbatim with the new depth-of (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological surgery — intraoperative complications and lower urinary tract injury - [Recognition and intraoperative management of ureteric and bladder injury](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-surgery/recognition-intraoperative-management-ureteric-bladder-injury) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on recognising and repairing ureteric and bladder injury during gynaecological surgery — the points where the pelvic ureter is at risk (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological surgery — pelvic floor reconstruction - [Prolapse surgery: native-tissue repairs, sacrocolpopexy and colpocleisis](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-surgery/prolapse-surgery) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on the operative management of pelvic organ prolapse: route-based procedure selection (abdominal sacrocolpopexy, sacrospinous fixation, ut (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Gynaecological surgery — permanent contraception and fertility restoration - [Tubal sterilisation and reversal: methods, regret, IVF and re-anastomosis](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-surgery/tubal-sterilisation-and-reversal) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on tubal sterilisation and reversal: Filshie clips, Pomeroy and partial salpingectomy, coagulation, the Essure hysteroscopic device and it (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Gynaecological surgery — uterus-sparing procedures - [Myomectomy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-surgery/myomectomy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on myomectomy — indications, FIGO type-to-route mapping (hysteroscopic 0-2, laparoscopic or abdominal 3-7), pre-operative optimisation (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,FCOG(SA),MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Intrapartum care — analgesia and anaesthesia - [Obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/obstetric-analgesia-and-anaesthesia) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia — the labour analgesia efficacy ladder with real numbers, epidural technique and the Cochrane e (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — birth after caesarean - [Birth after caesarean: VBAC and elective repeat caesarean](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/birth-after-caesarean) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on birth after caesarean — absolute and relative contraindications, quantified success predictors and the VBAC calculator, uterine rup (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — birth injury and repair - [Perineal trauma: episiotomy, second-degree repair and OASIS](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/perineal-trauma) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on perineal trauma — the Sultan/RCOG classification reproduced exactly (3a, 3b, 3c, fourth degree), mediolateral episiotomy geometry a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — fetal surveillance - [Fetal blood sampling and scalp lactate](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/fetal-blood-sampling-and-scalp-lactate) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on intrapartum fetal blood sampling and scalp lactate — indications, the full contraindication list, technique step by step, the RANZC (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Fetal surveillance modalities in labour: intermittent auscultation, fetal scalp electrode, telemetry](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/fetal-surveillance-modalities-in-labour) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on choosing and using fetal surveillance modalities in labour — intelligent structured intermittent auscultation with its timing rules (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Intrapartum CTG interpretation](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/intrapartum-ctg-interpretation) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on intrapartum CTG interpretation — the RANZCOG C-Obs 1 v5.2 (June 2026) feature framework and the FIGO 2015 classification, the physi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — induction of labour - [Induction of labour](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/induction-of-labour) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on induction of labour — indications by gestation, the Bishop score reproduced accurately, dinoprostone, oral misoprostol, balloon catheter, amni (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — labour and birth - [Term prelabour rupture of membranes](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/term-prelabour-rupture-of-membranes) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on term prelabour rupture of membranes — sterile speculum diagnosis, the TERMPROM and Cochrane evidence for immediate induction versus (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — labour dystocia and augmentation - [Slow progress in labour and augmentation](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/slow-progress-in-labour-and-augmentation) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on slow progress in labour — the RANZCOG C-Obs 31 and NICE definitions by parity in the first and second stage, power/passenger/passage as a work (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — malpresentation and operative birth - [Vaginal breech birth](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/vaginal-breech-birth) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on vaginal breech birth — RANZCOG C-Obs 11 selection criteria and weight limits, the Term Breech Trial and its critiques, PREMODA, the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — medical comorbidity - [Intrapartum care for women with existing medical conditions](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/intrapartum-care-with-existing-medical-conditions) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on intrapartum care for women with existing medical conditions — the modified WHO cardiac classification and CARPREG II risk, the diabetes intrap (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — multiple pregnancy - [Twin birth: mode, timing and intrapartum management](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/twin-birth) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on twin birth — chorionicity-driven timing, mode of birth by presentation of twin 1 and twin 2, the Twin Birth Study and its 2-year fo (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — obstetric emergencies - [Amniotic fluid embolism](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/amniotic-fluid-embolism) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on amniotic fluid embolism — the immune-mediated (anaphylactoid) model that replaced the embolic one, the Clark/SMFM research criteria (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Primary postpartum haemorrhage](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/primary-postpartum-haemorrhage) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on primary postpartum haemorrhage — the 4 T's, quantitative blood loss (E-MOTIVE), the uterotonic ladder with doses and contraindicati (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-25) - [Shoulder dystocia](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/shoulder-dystocia) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on shoulder dystocia — the manoeuvre ladder in order with technique detail, why fundal pressure is banned, the head-to-body delivery i (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Umbilical cord prolapse](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/umbilical-cord-prolapse) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on umbilical cord prolapse — the immediate manoeuvres with objective evidence on which position works best, bladder filling with volum (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Uterine rupture and scar dehiscence](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/uterine-rupture-and-scar-dehiscence) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on uterine rupture and scar dehiscence — quantified risk for every scar and every induction plan, the fetal heart rate signature, dehi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — operative birth - [Caesarean birth on maternal request](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/caesarean-birth-on-maternal-request) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on caesarean birth on maternal request — RANZCOG C-Obs 39 (2023) and its two lawful endings, the very-low-certainty benefit and harm table in abs (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Caesarean birth: indications, technique, complications](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/caesarean-birth) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on caesarean birth — the four-category urgency classification and decision-to-delivery intervals, step-by-step technique with the CORO (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Caesarean urgency categorisation and timing at term](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/caesarean-urgency-categorisation-and-timing-at-term) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on how urgent a caesarean is and when a planned one should happen — the four-category Lucas classification, the RANZCOG C-Obs 14 position that no (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Instrumental vaginal birth: ventouse and forceps](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/instrumental-vaginal-birth) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on instrumental vaginal birth — the prerequisites checklist, station and position assessment, choosing between ventouse and forceps, r (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — physiological birth - [Normal labour and birth](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/normal-labour-and-birth) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on normal labour and birth — the physiology of onset and the mechanism of birth, the three stages with the real ANZ durations from RANZCOG C-Obs (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — place of birth and care model - [Models of intrapartum care](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/models-of-intrapartum-care) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on models of intrapartum care — the four planned birth settings and the Birthplace in England numbers by parity, the counselling conversation, wa (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — preterm birth - [Preterm labour and birth](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/preterm-labour-and-birth) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on preterm labour and birth — diagnosis with cervical length and quantitative fetal fibronectin, the tocolytic ladder with drug, dose, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/preterm-prelabour-rupture-of-membranes) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on preterm prelabour rupture of membranes — sterile speculum diagnosis and biochemical testing, erythromycin latency antibiotics and w (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — preterm birth prevention - [Cervical cerclage: history-indicated, ultrasound-indicated and rescue](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/cervical-cerclage) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on cervical cerclage — the three indications and the evidence behind each, McDonald versus Shirodkar versus transabdominal technique, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — third stage of labour - [Retained placenta and manual removal](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/intrapartum/retained-placenta-and-manual-removal) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on retained placenta — the duration thresholds by third-stage management, the three mechanisms (adherens, trapped, accreta), the Relea (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — assessment and transition - [Neonatal assessment and transitional care](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/neonatal/neonatal-assessment-and-transitional-care) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on newborn assessment and transitional care — the Apgar score reproduced correctly and what it must never be used for, paired cord gas (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — bilirubin metabolism - [Neonatal jaundice](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/neonatal/neonatal-jaundice) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on neonatal jaundice — physiological versus pathological timing, the gestational-age-stratified hour-of-life-specific threshold nomogr (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — birth trauma - [Birth injuries](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/neonatal/birth-injuries) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on birth injuries — the three extracranial scalp swellings (caput, cephalohaematoma, subgaleal haemorrhage) with the differentiating t (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy - [Neonatal encephalopathy, HIE and therapeutic hypothermia](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/neonatal/neonatal-encephalopathy-hie-and-therapeutic-hypothermia) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on neonatal encephalopathy and HIE — Sarnat staging reproduced accurately, the ACOG/AAP 2014 acute-intrapartum framework and cord-gas (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — infection - [Early-onset neonatal sepsis](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/neonatal/early-onset-neonatal-sepsis) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on early-onset neonatal sepsis — the ANZ risk-factor-based approach (no universal calculator), the GBS-fever-ROM-prematurity tier, emp (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — metabolic and transitional care - [Neonatal hypoglycaemia](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/neonatal/neonatal-hypoglycaemia) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on neonatal hypoglycaemia — the at-risk groups, the operational-threshold concept and the Queensland Clinical Guideline age-stratified (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — outcomes of prematurity - [Outcomes of prematurity the obstetrician must know](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/neonatal/outcomes-of-prematurity-the-obstetrician-must-know) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on the outcomes of prematurity the obstetrician must own — survival and disability by completed week from ANZNN 2023 Table 29 and ANZN (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — perinatal palliative care - [Perinatal palliative care and neonatal death](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/neonatal/perinatal-palliative-care-and-neonatal-death) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on perinatal palliative care and neonatal death — antenatal planning for a life-limiting diagnosis, the birth plan and the monitoring- (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — resuscitation and transition - [Neonatal resuscitation at birth](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/neonatal/neonatal-resuscitation-at-birth) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on neonatal resuscitation at birth — the ANZCOR newborn life support sequence with real timings, air versus oxygen and the minute-by-m (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Perioperative care - [Enhanced recovery after gynaecological surgery](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/perioperative/enhanced-recovery-after-gynaecological-surgery) — FRANZCOG fellowship guide to enhanced recovery after gynaecological surgery: prehabilitation, carbohydrate loading, selective bowel preparation, opioid-sparing analgesia, PONV prev (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) - [Perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/perioperative/perioperative-vte-prophylaxis) — FRANZCOG fellowship guide to perioperative VTE prevention: procedure and patient risk assessment, IPC, LMWH and UFH, enoxaparin dosing, bleeding and neuraxial considerations, and 2 (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) - [Prophylactic antibiotics in obstetric and gynaecological surgery](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/perioperative/prophylactic-antibiotics-in-o-and-g-surgery) — FRANZCOG fellowship guide to surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis: indication by wound class, cefazolin-based regimens, anaerobic cover for hysterectomy, timing within 60 minutes, re (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative care — gynaecological surgery - [Perioperative medication management](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/perioperative/perioperative-medication-management) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on perioperative medication management — warfarin and DOAC interruption, when to bridge with LMWH, sliding-scale insulin and VRIII, stress-dose h (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) - [Pre-operative assessment and optimisation](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/perioperative/pre-operative-assessment-and-optimisation) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on structured pre-operative assessment and optimisation — ASA Physical Status, the Lee Revised Cardiac Risk Index, ARISCAT for pulmonary risk, Ca (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative care — medico-legal - [Consent and provision of information](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/perioperative/consent-and-provision-of-information) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on informed consent and provision of information: the three legal elements (capacity, voluntariness, adequate information), the reasonable patien (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative care — patient blood management - [Patient blood management and transfusion in gynaecology](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/perioperative/patient-blood-management-and-transfusion-in-gynaecology) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on patient blood management in gynaecology: pre-operative anaemia detection and management with iron infusion and EPO, intra-operative (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative care — positioning and nerve injuries - [Surgical positioning and nerve injuries in gynaecology](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/perioperative/positioning-and-nerve-injuries) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on surgical positioning and nerve injuries in gynaecology: lithotomy (femoral, ulnar, sciatic, common peroneal), Trendelenburg (brachi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative care — post-operative complications - [Post-operative complications in gynaecological surgery](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/perioperative/post-operative-complications) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on post-operative complications in gynaecological surgery: paralytic ileus, anastomotic leak, wound dehiscence and surgical site infec (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Postpartum care — contraception and reproductive planning - [Postpartum contraception](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/postpartum/postpartum-contraception) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on contraception after birth — when ovulation returns, the LAM triad and its 98% perfect-use figure, the WHO/US-MEC postpartum categor (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — haemorrhage - [Secondary postpartum haemorrhage](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/postpartum/secondary-postpartum-haemorrhage) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on secondary postpartum haemorrhage — causes led by retained products and endometritis, ultrasound interpretation and its real limits, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — hypertensive disease - [Postpartum hypertension and preeclampsia](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/postpartum/postpartum-hypertension-and-preeclampsia) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on hypertension and preeclampsia AFTER birth — de novo versus persistent disease, the day 3 to 7 blood pressure peak, acute and oral a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — infection and sepsis - [Puerperal sepsis and endometritis](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/postpartum/puerperal-sepsis-and-endometritis) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on puerperal sepsis and endometritis — the organisms including group A Streptococcus and its speed, recognition against physiological (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — lactation - [Lactation: establishment, complications, suppression and drug safety](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/postpartum/lactation) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on lactation — secretory activation and the prolactin and oxytocin reflexes, attachment and nipple damage, the mastitis spectrum with (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — perinatal mental health - [Postnatal mental health](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/postpartum/postnatal-mental-health) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on postnatal mental health — telling baby blues from postnatal depression from puerperal psychosis, the EPDS and its thresholds, puerp (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — perineal health and wound care - [Perineal wound complications and breakdown](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/postpartum/perineal-wound-complications-and-breakdown) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on perineal wound complications after birth — infection, dehiscence and haematoma; the Gommesen cohort risk factors (BMI over 35, epis (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — recovery and perioperative care - [Recovery after operative birth and enhanced recovery after caesarean](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/postpartum/recovery-after-operative-birth-and-enhanced-recovery) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on recovery after operative birth and the enhanced recovery after caesarean (ERAC) bundle — the three-phase ERAS Society caesarean gui (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — routine and preventive - [Normal puerperium and postnatal care](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/postpartum/normal-puerperium-and-postnatal-care) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on the normal puerperium and postnatal care — involution and lochia timelines, the NICE NG194 and WHO 2022 contact schedules, red flag (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Pre-pregnancy and antenatal care — placental disorders - [Placenta accreta spectrum](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/placenta-accreta-spectrum) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on placenta accreta spectrum — the caesarean-praevia interaction with Silver's numbers, the ultrasound and MRI signs with their accura (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) - [Vasa praevia](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/antenatal/vasa-praevia) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on vasa praevia — the three types, risk factors, transvaginal colour Doppler detection and the universal-versus-targeted screening deb (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Professional practice - [Breaking bad news and perinatal loss communication](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/professional/breaking-bad-news-and-perinatal-loss-communication) — FRANZCOG fellowship guide to breaking bad news and perinatal-loss communication: SPIKES, exact language, early pregnancy loss, stillbirth, neonatal death, memory-making, follow-up, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) - [Cultural safety in maternity and gynaecological care](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/professional/cultural-safety) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on cultural safety: the Curtis 2019 framework, the difference between cultural awareness, competence and safety, individual and instit (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) - [Evidence-based medicine and statistics for O&G](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/professional/evidence-based-medicine-statistics-o-g) — FRANZCOG fellowship reference on evidence-based medicine and statistics applied to O&G: PICO question formulation, the hierarchy of study designs, common effect measures (RR, OR, A (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) - [Human factors, teamwork and leadership on labour ward](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/professional/human-factors-teamwork-and-leadership-on-labour-ward) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship guide to human factors, teamwork, and clinical leadership on labour ward: the five CRM skills, ANTS, NOTSS, TeamSTEPPS, Swiss-cheese and Endsley (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — Scholar role, research literacy and evidence-based practice - [Research literacy and the Scholar role](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/professional/research-literacy-and-the-scholar-role) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG reference on the Scholar role: the FRANZCOG research project, hierarchy of study designs, PICO framing, biostatistics (RR/OR/ARR/NNT/LR/sensitivity/specifi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — clinical governance, quality and patient safety - [Clinical governance](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/professional/clinical-governance) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on clinical governance — Scally and Donaldson's definition, the four pillars (clinical effectiveness, risk management, patient experie (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Professional practice — equity, culture and communication - [Cultural safety for culturally and linguistically diverse communities](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/professional/cultural-safety-diverse-communities) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG professional reference on culturally safe care for migrant, refugee, asylum-seeking and other culturally and linguistically diverse communities: qualified (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — ethics, consent and communication - [Consent and shared decision-making](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/professional/consent-and-shared-decision-making) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG professional reference on the four-principles framework, consent as a shared decision, Montgomery and Rogers material-risk standards, capacity, documentati (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — ethics, law and regulation - [Medico-legal frameworks in O&G](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/professional/medico-legal-frameworks) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG professional reference on Australian medico-legal frameworks: the four-stage negligence test (duty, breach, causation, harm), the standard of care from Bol (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — family and domestic violence, advocacy and safety - [Family and domestic violence](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/professional/family-and-domestic-violence) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on family and domestic violence (FDV) in women's healthcare — RANZCOG routine enquiry, the WHO LIVES first-line response, validated sc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Professional practice — professionalism, ethics and regulation - [Professionalism](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/professional/professionalism) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG professional reference on the professionalism framework: the social contract, the four-principles framework, RANZCOG Code of Professional Conduct, Medical (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Reproductive endocrinology & infertility - [Anovulation & ovulation induction: WHO classification (FIGO HyPO-P 2023), letrozole first-line, gonadotropins, and OHSS prevention](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/anovulation-and-ovulation-induction) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on anovulation and ovulation induction. Reproduces the WHO classification of ovulation disorders verbatim and maps it to the 2023 FIGO HyP (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Congenital uterine anomalies (Müllerian duct anomalies)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/congenital-uterine-anomalies) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on congenital uterine (Müllerian duct) anomalies. Reproduces the three competing classifications — the 1988 American Fertility Society (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [Fertility preservation (oncofertility, oocyte, embryo and ovarian tissue cryopreservation)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/fertility-preservation) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on fertility preservation — the oncofertility pathway (urgent referral, random-start stimulation, letrozole 5 mg co-stimulation in ER- (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [Infertility: assessment & investigation — NICE NG257 (2026), WHO 6th-edition semen criteria, and the structured couple workup](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/infertility) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on the assessment and investigation of the infertile couple. Anchored to NICE NG257 (2026), which replaced CG156 and reframes fertility ca (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Intrauterine adhesions and Asherman syndrome](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/intrauterine-adhesions-and-asherman-syndrome) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on intrauterine adhesions (IUA) and Asherman syndrome. Covers the pathophysiology (basal endometrial injury, dysregulated inflammation (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [IVF add-ons: evidence and the HFEA traffic-light system; fertility preservation in cancer, social egg freezing, and ovarian transposition](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/ivf-add-ons-and-fertility-preservation) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on the evidence base for IVF add-ons (endometrial scratch, embryo glue, PGT-A, time-lapse, assisted hatching) and the HFEA traffic-light s (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [IVF and ART techniques: stimulation, trigger, transfer, luteal support, OHSS prevention and cumulative success](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/ivf-and-art-techniques) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on IVF and ART techniques: the controlled ovarian stimulation protocols (long agonist vs antagonist), the trigger decision (hCG vs GnRH ag (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Male infertility: structured assessment, WHO 6th-edition (2021) semen criteria, endocrine panel, genetic cascade, and ART pathway](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/assessment-and-management-of-male-infertility) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on the structured assessment and management of male-factor infertility. Covers history, examination, the WHO 6th-edition (2021) semen refe (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Male-factor infertility](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/male-factor-infertility) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on male-factor infertility. Covers the WHO 6th-edition (2021) semen reference limits, the pre-testicular/testicular/post-testicular framew (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [OHSS and fertility-treatment complications — Golan grading, VEGF pathophysiology, prophylaxis (cabergoline, GnRH antagonist trigger), and ICU management](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/ohss-and-fertility-treatment-complications) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and fertility-treatment complications. Anchored to the RANZCOG CREI consensus (2015), the ASRM Practi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Pelvic-factor infertility: tubal patency (HyCoSy, HSG, laparoscopy), endometriosis, adhesions, and submucous fibroids](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/pelvic-factor-infertility-tubal-peritoneal) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on pelvic-factor infertility. Covers the assessment of tubal patency (HyCoSy as first-line under NICE NG257, HSG as alternative, laparosco (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and ART adjuncts — definition, the ESHRE good practice recommendations, endometrial receptivity, and the PGT-A controversy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/recurrent-implantation-failure-and-art-adjuncts) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on recurrent implantation failure and ART adjuncts — the ESHRE 2023 good practice recommendations and the 60 per cent cumulative-chanc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [Recurrent pregnancy loss — ESHRE 2022 update, the evidence-based workup, antiphospholipid syndrome (revised Sapporo), and the active interventions](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/recurrent-pregnancy-loss) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), anchored to the ESHRE 2022 update and the RANZCOG C-Gyn 38 / RCOG Green-top 17 framing. Covers the two- (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Tubal-factor infertility and tubal surgery](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/tubal-factor-infertility-and-tubal-surgery) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship topic on tubal-factor infertility and tubal surgery. Covers tubal disease classification (proximal, mid, distal/hydrosalpinx), aetiology (PID/ch (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Reproductive endocrinology & infertility — third-party reproduction - [Donor conception, surrogacy and social infertility frameworks](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/donor-conception-surrogacy-and-social-infertility-frameworks) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on donor conception (oocyte, sperm, embryo), surrogacy (gestational vs traditional), the ANZ legal and ethical frameworks (NHMRC 2017 (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Reproductive endocrinology and infertility - [Assisted reproductive technology (ART)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/assisted-reproduction) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on assisted reproductive technology — the staged IVF/ICSI pathway (suppress, stimulate, trigger, retrieve, fertilise, culture, transfe (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/rei/ovarian-hyperstimulation-syndrome) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome — the Golan classification (mild to critical), the VEGF-driven capillary-leak pathophysiology, ea (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Sexual & reproductive health - [Abortion](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/srh/abortion) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on induced abortion as a complications-and-law topic — the four post-abortion complications (infection, haemorrhage, retained tissue, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [Abortion care](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/srh/abortion-care) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on abortion care — the MS-2 Step early medical abortion regimen (mifepristone 200 mg plus buccal misoprostol 800 micrograms), manual a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Sexual and reproductive health - [Sexual dysfunction and dyspareunia](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/srh/sexual-dysfunction-and-dyspareunia) — FRANZCOG fellowship reference on sexual dysfunction and dyspareunia: classification, biopsychosocial assessment, PLISSIT, GSM, vestibulodynia, endometriosis-related deep pain, and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Sexual and reproductive health — hormonal, non-hormonal and emergency contraception - [Hormonal, non-hormonal contraception and emergency contraception](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/srh/hormonal-and-non-hormonal-contraception-emergency-contraception) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on the combined hormonal contraception (oestrogen plus progestin) — combined pill, patch, vaginal ring — and the progestin-only pill, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Sexual and reproductive health — long-acting reversible contraception - [Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/srh/long-acting-reversible-contraception) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on the three LARC methods — etonogestrel subdermal implant, 52 mg levonorgestrel-releasing IUS (Mirena) and the copper IUD — with the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ### Urogynaecology — fistula - [Vesicovaginal and other urinary fistulae](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/urogynaecology/vesicovaginal-and-other-urinary-fistulae) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on vesicovaginal and other urinary fistulae — the Goh and WHO/FIGO classifications, the obstetric versus iatrogenic versus radiation m (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — infection - [Recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) in women](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/urogynaecology/recurrent-urinary-tract-infection) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on recurrent urinary tract infection in women — the ≥2/6-month or ≥3/12-month definition, re-infection vs persistence, behavioural, bi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — lower urinary tract dysfunction - [Overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/urogynaecology/overactive-bladder-and-urgency-incontinence) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence — the ICS 2002 standard, the stepwise management ladder, antimuscarinics (oxybu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Voiding dysfunction and urinary retention](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/urogynaecology/voiding-dysfunction-and-urinary-retention) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on voiding dysfunction and urinary retention in women — the ICS/IUGA terminology and pressure-flow definitions, the four aetiological (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — lower urinary tract evaluation - [Urodynamics](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/urogynaecology/urodynamics) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on urodynamics — the four component studies (uroflowmetry, filling cystometry, urethral pressure profilometry, pressure-flow study), t (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — maternal birth trauma and rehabilitation - [Pelvic floor after childbirth](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/urogynaecology/pelvic-floor-after-childbirth) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on the pelvic floor after childbirth — levator ani avulsion and microtrauma, the Sultan OASIS classification (3a, 3b, 3c, 4th degree), (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Urogynaecology — pelvic floor disorders - [Pelvic organ prolapse](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/urogynaecology/pelvic-organ-prolapse) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on pelvic organ prolapse: POP-Q staging reproduced verbatim from the Bump 1996 standard, compartment-based classification (anterior / (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) - [Pelvic organ prolapse](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/urogynaecology/prolapse) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on pelvic organ prolapse: the POP-Q system and Stages 0 to IV reproduced verbatim from the Bump 1996 standard, the three compartments (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [Prolapse surgery: native-tissue repair, vaginal apical suspension, sacrocolpopexy and the mesh controversy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/urogynaecology/prolapse-surgical-management) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on prolapse surgery: native-tissue anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (Altman 2011, Christmann-Schmid 2026), vaginal apical suspensio (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [Stress urinary incontinence & midurethral slings](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/urogynaecology/stress-urinary-incontinence-and-midurethral-slings) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on female stress urinary incontinence and midurethral sling surgery — the stepwise ladder from lifestyle and PFMT through pessary to M (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) ### gynae-surgery - [Hysterectomy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-surgery/hysterectomy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on hysterectomy — the four routes (abdominal, vaginal, laparoscopic, robotic), the abdominal incisions (midline vs Pfannenstiel), the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC; updated=2026-07-29) - [Operative hysteroscopy — distension media, fluid management, energy and complications](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-surgery/operative-hysteroscopy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on operative hysteroscopy — distension media and the fluid-deficit stop points (1000 mL hypotonic, 2500 mL isotonic; lower for the com (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [Operative laparoscopy — entry, energy, port placement and complications](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-surgery/operative-laparoscopy) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on operative laparoscopy — the three entry techniques (closed Veress, open Hasson, direct optical/direct trocar), energy sources (mono (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) - [Surgical anatomy of the female pelvis](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/gynae-surgery/surgical-anatomy-of-the-female-pelvis) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG fellowship reference on surgical anatomy of the female pelvis — the five retroperitoneal avascular spaces (pararectal Latzko and Okabayashi, paravesical me (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC; updated=2026-07-29) ### perioperative - [Laparoscopic entry and complications](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/perioperative/laparoscopic-entry-and-complications) — Laparoscopic entry and complications (exams=FRANZCOG,MRANZCOG,ABOG,FRCOG; updated=2026-07-25) ### professional - [Documentation, clinical handover and open disclosure](https://medvellum.com/s/og/topics/professional/documentation-clinical-handover-and-open-disclosure) — Exam-exhaustive FRANZCOG professional reference on the contemporaneous medical record, structured handover (ISBAR, iSoBAR), the Australian Open Disclosure Framework and duty of can (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) ## SAQs (210) ### Antenatal care — abnormal placentation - [Placenta praevia and low-lying placenta — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/placenta-praevia-and-low-lying-placenta) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on placenta praevia with accreta spectrum risk after two caesareans: current terminology and the transvaginal measurement, the accreta ultrasound sig (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — endocrine disorders - [Thyroid disease in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/thyroid-disease-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on thyroid disease in pregnancy: the levothyroxine dose-increase rule with physiology, trimester-specific TSH targets and monitoring, the PTU to carb (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal anomaly screening - [Fetal structural anomalies — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/fetal-structural-anomalies) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on the mid-trimester anatomy scan: the systematic ISUOG protocol and cardiac views, interpretation of an isolated echogenic focus against prior scree (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal growth and mode of birth - [Suspected fetal macrosomia — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/suspected-fetal-macrosomia) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on suspected macrosomia in gestational diabetes: the error margin of EFW, the shoulder dystocia risk prediction, the Boulvain and Gardosi induction e (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — fetal growth and surveillance - [Fetal growth restriction and small for gestational age — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/fetal-growth-restriction-and-small-for-gestational-age) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on early fetal growth restriction: applying the Gordijn Delphi definition, building a Doppler-centred surveillance plan, defending the delivery timin (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal loss and bereavement - [Late intrauterine fetal death — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/late-intrauterine-fetal-death) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on late intrauterine fetal death: compassionate communication and stabilisation, the investigation bundle (Kleihauer, cytogenetics, placental histopa (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — fetal medicine - [Amniotic fluid disorders — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/amniotic-fluid-disorders) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on polyhydramnios: definition and grading, the structured workup, the SMFM 46 management rules (amnioreduction indication, indomethacin not routine), (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Fetal anaemia and hydrops fetalis — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/fetal-anaemia-and-hydrops-fetalis) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on non-immune hydrops from parvovirus B19: the diagnostic criterion, the antibody-screen-first workup (SMFM 7), parvovirus pathogenesis and intrauter (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal medicine and alloimmune disease - [Subsequent pregnancy after a previous child with FNAIT-related intracranial haemorrhage — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/fetal-and-neonatal-alloimmune-thrombocytopenia) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on a highest-risk subsequent pregnancy after a previous child with FNAIT-related intracranial haemorrhage: the pathophysiology and commonest antibody (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — fetal medicine and immunohaematology - [Rh(D) alloimmunisation and anti-D prophylaxis — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/rh-alloimmunisation-and-anti-d-prophylaxis) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on Rh(D) alloimmunisation and anti-D prophylaxis: routine antenatal dosing (NBA/RANZCOG 2024), sensitising-event and postpartum management with fetom (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal presentation and mode of birth - [Breech presentation at term and external cephalic version — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/breech-presentation-at-term-and-external-cephalic-version) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on breech at term: ECV counselling with timing, success and complications, contraindications, the procedure and post-procedure care, and the mode-of- (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal surveillance - [Antenatal fetal surveillance — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/antenatal-fetal-surveillance-ctg-biophysical-profile-umbilical-artery-doppler) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on antenatal fetal surveillance: choosing the modality (modified BPP versus Doppler), the biophysical profile scoring, the Doppler-centred surveillan (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Fetal Dopplers in early-onset FGR — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/fetal-dopplers) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on early-onset fetal growth restriction with severe umbilical artery Doppler abnormality: initial assessment, the four Doppler vessels and what each (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — haematological disorders - [Haemoglobinopathies in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/haemoglobinopathies-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on sickle cell disease in pregnancy: MDT pathway and LMWH prophylaxis, the sickle crisis bundle with analgesia within 30 minutes and acute chest synd (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — maternal age and ART - [Advanced maternal age and ART singleton — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/advanced-maternal-age-and-art-conceived-pregnancies) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on advanced maternal age and ART-conceived singleton pregnancy: distinguishing age, subfertility and ART risk contributions; risk-tailored surveillan (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — maternal immunisation - [Vaccination in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/pregnancy-vaccination) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on vaccination in pregnancy: the four recommended vaccines with timing, transplacental IgG transfer physiology, the contraindicated live vaccines, an (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — maternal malignancy - [Breast cancer diagnosed in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/malignancy-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on breast cancer diagnosed in pregnancy: triple assessment, surgical management with sentinel node biopsy, chemotherapy timing rules, the contraindic (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — maternal medical conditions - [Obesity in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/obesity-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on care of the obese pregnant woman: the tiered booking bundle (measure, BP cuff, anaesthetic referral, vitamin D, aspirin, customised chart), gestat (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — maternal medicine - [Gestational diabetes — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/gestational-diabetes) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on gestational diabetes: applying the ADIPS 2025 diagnostic thresholds, medical nutrition therapy with explicit glycaemic targets, metformin and insu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/hypertensive-disorders-of-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on the late-booking hypertensive pregnancy: ISSHP 2021 classification and its limits, the booking investigation bundle with thresholds, oral antihype (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Preeclampsia diagnosis and management — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/preeclampsia-diagnosis-and-management) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on severe preeclampsia at 33+5 weeks: ISSHP 2021 diagnostic criteria, the first-hour bundle with antihypertensive and magnesium doses and the 30 to 6 (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Preeclampsia prediction and prevention — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/preeclampsia-prediction-and-prevention) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on preeclampsia prediction and prevention: risk-factor assessment by the NICE and USPSTF checklist, the full aspirin and calcium prescription with AS (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Pregestational diabetes in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/pregestational-diabetes-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on pregestational type 1 diabetes: teratogenic medication cessation and folate dosing, complication and fetal surveillance, evidence-based anomaly-ri (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — medical disorders in pregnancy - [Mechanical valve in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/cardiac-disease-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on a mechanical valve in early pregnancy: mWHO classification, the three anticoagulation strategies and their trade-offs, the peripartum plan, and th (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Suspected pulmonary embolism in late pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/venous-thromboembolism-in-pregnancy-and-puerperium) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on suspected pulmonary embolism in late pregnancy: the diagnostic pathway with imaging choice defended, the therapeutic LMWH dose, the peripartum tra (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — medical disorders of pregnancy - [Acute fatty liver of pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/acute-fatty-liver-pregnancy-other-liver-disorders) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP): Swansea criteria with a worked count, the supportive bundle (dextrose, FFP, cryoprecipitate, vitamin K 10 m (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Asthma in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/asthma-and-respiratory-disease-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on acute moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation in pregnancy, driven by ICS cessation. Covers exacerbation severity classification, the inpatient exa (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/sle-and-antiphospholipid-syndrome-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on SLE with lupus nephritis and probable APS in pregnancy: teratogenic drug switches, APS criteria, surveillance, neonatal lupus and postpartum plan. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — multiple pregnancy - [Multiple pregnancy — chorionicity, surveillance and timing of birth — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/multiple-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on an uncomplicated monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy: chorionicity determination, the 2-weekly surveillance schedule and complications, the ti (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Twin-twin transfusion syndrome at 20 weeks — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/monochorionic-twin-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on stage II twin-twin transfusion syndrome: Quintero staging, urgent referral and counselling, the Senat and Solomon trial evidence, the post-laser s (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — neurological disorders - [Epilepsy in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/epilepsy-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on epilepsy in pregnancy: preconception counselling with folic acid 5 mg and lamotrigine management, breakthrough seizures in pregnancy with the lamo (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — obstetric emergencies - [Eclampsia and HELLP syndrome — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/eclampsia-and-hellp-syndrome) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on normotensive HELLP progressing to eclampsia: Tennessee and Mississippi criteria reproduced with thresholds, the differential against acute fatty l (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Trauma in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/trauma-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on trauma in pregnancy: modified primary survey, fetal assessment, abruption management, Kleihauer-Betke and anti-D, IPV screening. Per-sub-part mark (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — obstetric haemorrhage - [Antepartum haemorrhage — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/antepartum-haemorrhage) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on undifferentiated antepartum haemorrhage at 32 weeks: parallel resuscitation and fetal assessment, the discriminating differential, anti-D and Klei (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Placental abruption — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/placental-abruption) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on severe placental abruption with fetal compromise: recognising concealed haemorrhage, the first-ten-minute bundle, interpreting hypofibrinogenaemia (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — perinatal infections - [Group B streptococcus in labour — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/perinatal-infections-i-group-b-streptococcus) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on group B streptococcus in labour with penicillin allergy: the IAP indication and regimen, the timing rule, the revised regimen when the clindamycin (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Hepatitis B in pregnancy with a high viral load — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/perinatal-infections-iii) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on hepatitis B in pregnancy with a high viral load (HBeAg-positive, high HBV DNA): the perinatal transmission risk and chronicity, the third-trimeste (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Parvovirus B19 in pregnancy with a hydropic fetus — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/perinatal-infections-ii) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on parvovirus B19 in pregnancy presenting with a hydropic fetus: the erythroid progenitor tropism mechanism, the MCA-PSV surveillance strategy and th (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Secondary syphilis at 32 weeks with a high RPR titre — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/perinatal-infections-iv) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on secondary syphilis in pregnancy at 32 weeks: staging and vertical transmission, the benzathine penicillin G regimen, the Jarisch-Herxheimer reacti (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — perinatal mental health - [Perinatal mental health — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/perinatal-mental-health) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on antenatal depression with a positive EPDS item 10: same-consultation risk assessment, stepped-care placement, SSRI safety evidence (PPHN absolute (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — perinatal mortality - [Stillbirth prevention — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/stillbirth-prevention) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on stillbirth prevention in a high-risk pregnancy: the five Safer Baby Bundle elements, the CRIBSS sleep-position evidence, an antenatal surveillance (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — pregnancy after bariatric surgery - [Pregnancy after bariatric surgery — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/pregnancy-after-bariatric-surgery) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on pregnancy after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: booking nutritional regimen with doses, OGTT avoidance and home glucose monitoring, the internal hernia (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — routine and preventive care - [Routine antenatal care and risk assessment — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/routine-antenatal-care-and-risk-assessment) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on routine antenatal care and risk assessment: the NICE NG201 schedule, the preventive package with doses (aspirin, folate, iodine, vaccines, anti-D) (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — routine care and lifestyle - [Nutrition, supplementation and exercise in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/nutrition-supplementation-and-exercise-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on nutrition, supplementation and exercise: high-risk folate dosing, routine and targeted supplements (folate, iodine, iron, vitamin D, B12), IOM wei (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — screening and prenatal diagnosis - [Prenatal screening for chromosomal conditions — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/prenatal-screening-for-chromosomal-conditions) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on prenatal screening for chromosomal conditions: interpreting a screen-positive combined result, comparing combined screening with cfDNA performance (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — substance use and addiction - [Substance use in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/substance-use-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on opioid use disorder in pregnancy with polysubstance use: trauma-informed universal screening with AUDIT-C and 4Ps, opioid agonist therapy with met (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — timing of birth - [Post-term pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/post-term-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on post-term pregnancy: definition, the rising stillbirth risk by gestation (Muglu), the Cochrane induction evidence, and structured shared decision- (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Critical care in obstetrics and gynaecology - [Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/diabetic-ketoacidosis-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy: recognising euglycaemic presentation, confirming the 2024 consensus triad, first-hour fluid, insulin and potas (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Massive obstetric haemorrhage and coagulopathy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/massive-obstetric-haemorrhage) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on massive obstetric haemorrhage with coagulopathy: interpreting laboratory and viscoelastic results together, goal-directed product replacement with (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — escalation and safety-net - [Obstetric early warning scores and escalation — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/obstetric-early-warning-scores-and-escalation) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on a triggered obstetric early warning score in a post-caesarean patient with evolving sepsis. Tests bedside ABCDE with obstetric modification, repro (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — maternal physiology - [Physiological changes of pregnancy for critical care — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/physiological-changes-of-pregnancy-for-critical-care) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on the physiological adaptations of pregnancy relevant to a critically ill patient with pneumonia. Tests ABG interpretation against pregnant referenc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — maternal resuscitation - [Hypertensive crisis and refractory eclampsia — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/hypertensive-crisis-and-refractory-eclampsia) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on a hypertensive crisis with eclampsia: the seizure and blood pressure management with magnesium and antihypertensive doses and targets, the refract (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Massive pulmonary embolism and respiratory failure in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/respiratory-failure-ventilation-and-massive-pe-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on massive pulmonary embolism and respiratory failure in pregnancy: the recognition and empiric thrombolysis with drug and dose, the pregnancy respir (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Maternal collapse and resuscitation in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/maternal-collapse-and-resuscitation-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on maternal collapse: the Green-top 56 definition, the four H and four T framework with obstetric causes, physiologically justified CPR modifications (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Maternal sepsis and septic shock — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/sepsis-and-septic-shock-in-pregnancy-and-puerperium) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on maternal sepsis and septic shock: the Sepsis-3 and qSOFA limitations in pregnancy, the one-hour bundle with empiric antibiotic doses, the vasopres (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Perimortem caesarean birth — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/perimortem-caesarean-birth) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on perimortem caesarean birth: the fundal-height indication and the four-minute target with its true evidence base, the four physiological mechanisms (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — renal - [Acute kidney injury in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/acute-kidney-injury-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on pregnancy-related AKI in a post-caesarean patient with severe preeclampsia and HELLP. Tests KDIGO definition applied to pregnant baseline, focused (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care - [Adnexal mass in early pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/adnexal-masses-in-early-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on an adnexal mass in early pregnancy: IOTA-based ultrasound characterisation, why tumour markers mislead in pregnancy, recognition and conservative (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Early pregnancy pain and bleeding with a pregnancy of unknown location — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/early-pregnancy-pain-and-bleeding) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on a pregnancy of unknown location: the consensus classification and its four outcomes, the paired 48-hour hCG protocol, correct handling of the inte (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Early pregnancy ultrasound and hCG interpretation — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/early-pregnancy-ultrasound-and-hcg-dynamics) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on early pregnancy ultrasound and hCG interpretation: correct handling of a sub-threshold empty sac, the false-positive evidence behind the modern cu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Ectopic pregnancy — single-dose methotrexate and the surgical choice (structured SAQ, 15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/ectopic-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on a confirmed unruptured tubal ectopic in a woman with a single remaining tube: the ultrasound diagnostic ladder, why an hCG never locates a pregnan (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Hyperemesis gravidarum — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/nausea-vomiting-and-hyperemesis-gravidarum) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on hyperemesis gravidarum: PUQE-24 scoring, inpatient fluid and antiemetic prescribing with the thiamine-before-glucose rule, the retirement of keton (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Pregnancy after loss — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/early-pregnancy-support-and-pregnancy-after-loss-care) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on pregnancy after loss: the obstetric and psychological risks that distinguish it from routine pregnancy, the operational components of care, mental (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care — gestational trophoblastic disease - [Gestational trophoblastic disease — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/gestational-trophoblastic-disease) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on complete hydatidiform mole: suction evacuation with its three operative cautions, the FIGO hCG surveillance schedule and the evidence for shortene (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care — pregnancy loss - [Miscarriage — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/miscarriage) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on missed miscarriage: confirming the diagnosis against the transvaginal ultrasound thresholds, the three management pathways with doses and procedur (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care — recurrent loss - [Recurrent pregnancy loss — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/recurrent-pregnancy-loss) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on recurrent pregnancy loss: the two-loss definition, the four routinely-recommended tests and the deliberate refusals, antiphospholipid syndrome cri (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Gynae-oncology — hereditary cancer - [Hereditary gynaecological cancer syndromes — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/hereditary-gynae-cancer-syndromes) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on HBOC: pedigree and Manchester scoring, BRCA1/BRCA2 penetrance figures from source, the timing and technique of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynae-oncology — systemic therapy - [Systemic therapy for gynaecological cancer — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/systemic-therapy-for-the-generalist) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on gynaecological systemic therapy: the carboplatin-paclitaxel backbone and GOG-158, the Calvert AUC calculation, BRCA-selected PARP inhibitor mainte (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynae-surgery — cervical insufficiency and preterm birth prevention - [Cervical cerclage — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/abdominal-and-transvaginal-cervical-cerclage) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on cervical cerclage: the three indication classes, the evidence for ultrasound-indicated cerclage in the responder phenotype (Berghella meta-analysi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynae-surgery — early pregnancy and abortion care - [Surgical management of miscarriage and abortion — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/surgical-management-of-miscarriage-and-abortion) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on the surgical management of miscarriage: resuscitation and investigation, the management-option framework, preoperative preparation with the AIMS a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynae-surgery — hysterectomy - [Hysterectomy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/hysterectomy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on hysterectomy: route selection with named evidence base, total laparoscopic hysterectomy steps in order, intra-operative bleeding at the lateral ce (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Gynae-surgery — surgical anatomy and dissection - [Surgical anatomy of the female pelvis — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/surgical-anatomy-of-the-female-pelvis) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on surgical anatomy of the female pelvis: ureteric course, pararectal space subdivisions, autonomic nerve zones, and management of bleeding at the la (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Gynaecological health — androgen excess - [Hirsutism and virilisation — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/hirsutism-and-virilisation) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on hirsutism and virilisation: the mFG score verbatim, the androgen panel with assay-quality caveats, the Endocrine Society 2018 management ladder wi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — benign gynaecology - [Ovarian torsion and cyst accidents — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/ovarian-torsion-and-cyst-accidents) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on ovarian torsion and cyst accidents: the pathophysiological vascular cascade, the clinical presentation and the sonographic whirlpool sign, the Dop (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Uterine fibroids — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/uterine-fibroids) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on uterine fibroids: FIGO classification, the location-symptom principle, the structured workup, the medical-management ladder, and the EMA uliprista (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Uterine fibroids: surgical and radiological management — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/uterine-fibroids-surgical-management) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on the surgical and radiological management of fibroids: the FIGO-type-to-procedure mapping, UAE durability (EMMY 35 per cent hysterectomy by 10 year (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — chronic pain - [Chronic pelvic pain — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/chronic-pelvic-pain) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on chronic pelvic pain: the 6-month definition, the five-system biopsychosocial model, the structured assessment, and the multidisciplinary stepped-c (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis - [Endometriosis — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/endometriosis) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on endometriosis: the symptom profile, the imaging-first paradigm shift, the medical management ladder with the dienogest-vs-GnRH evidence, and ferti (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Endometriosis surgical management — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/endometriosis-surgical-management) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on the surgical management of endometriosis: pre-operative mapping with the ENZIAN classification, the excision-vs-ablation evidence, bowel DIE surgi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — chronic vulvar pain - [Provoked vestibulodynia — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/vulvodynia-and-genital-pain-syndromes) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on provoked vestibulodynia: the 3-month ISSVD definition, the multidimensional classification, the cotton-swab test, the multidisciplinary stepped-ca (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — menstrual disorders - [Abnormal uterine bleeding — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/abnormal-uterine-bleeding) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on abnormal uterine bleeding: the PALM-COEIN classification reproduced verbatim, localising the likely cause from a System 1 history, the structured (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Adenomyosis — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/adenomyosis) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on adenomyosis: definition and classification, the MUSA TVS features and the 12 mm MRI junctional-zone threshold, the differential against fibroids a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Dysmenorrhoea and the PMS–PMDD spectrum — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/dysmenorrhoea-and-pms-pmdd) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on dysmenorrhoea and PMDD: classification and pathophysiology of primary dysmenorrhoea with the prostaglandin pathway, the stepped management ladder (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Endometrial polyps — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/endometrial-polyps) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on endometrial polyps: the PPP framework, the imaging ladder and accuracy data, the Sasaki malignancy meta-analysis (3.4 percent; risk factors), and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Heavy menstrual bleeding — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/heavy-menstrual-bleeding) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on heavy menstrual bleeding: the modern quality-of-life definition versus the classical 80 mL threshold, the NICE NG88 structured history and investi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/intermenstrual-and-postcoital-bleeding) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding: the FIGO System 1 definitions, the structured assessment (pregnancy test, speculum, chlamydia NAAT, cervic (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Postmenopausal bleeding — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/postmenopausal-bleeding-pathway) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on postmenopausal bleeding: the definition and the 9% pooled cancer risk (Clarke 2018), the transvaginal-ultrasound endometrial-thickness threshold ( (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — menstrual disorders and androgen excess - [Polycystic ovary syndrome — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/pcos) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on PCOS: the Rotterdam criteria verbatim with phenotype assignment, the lifelong cardiometabolic and psychological surveillance package, the OHSS-awa (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Polycystic ovary syndrome — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/polycystic-ovary-syndrome) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on polycystic ovary syndrome: the Rotterdam criteria and exclusion of mimics, lifestyle and metabolic management with endometrial protection, the let (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological health — menstrual physiology - [The normal menstrual cycle & HPO axis — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/the-normal-menstrual-cycle-and-hpo-axis) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on the HPO axis: classifying anovulation by gonadotrophin profile, the two-cell two-gonadotrophin theory, confirming ovulation, and the management an (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — paediatric and adolescent - [Paediatric and adolescent gynaecology — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/paediatric-and-adolescent-gynaecology) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on paediatric and adolescent gynaecology: verbatim Tanner stage 1 descriptions, the labial adhesions management ladder (topical estrogen versus obser (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — paediatric, adolescent and congenital - [Turner syndrome and DSD — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/turner-syndrome-and-differences-of-sex-development-generalist-level) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on Turner syndrome: the diagnosis, SHOX haploinsufficiency and karyotype, the baseline cardiac/renal/endocrine surveillance, the GH-before-oestrogen (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — premature ovarian insufficiency - [Premature ovarian insufficiency — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/premature-ovarian-insufficiency) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on premature ovarian insufficiency: the ESHRE 2024 diagnostic definition, the cause-finding workup (karyotype, FMR1, 21-hydroxylase antibody), HRT to (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — sexual, cultural and safeguarding - [Female genital mutilation — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/female-genital-mutilation) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on female genital mutilation: the verbatim WHO Type I-IV classification, the antenatal and intrapartum plan for Type III (including deinfibulation ti (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — sexually transmitted infections - [STI screening and management — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/sti-screening-and-management-for-the-gynaecologist) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on STI screening and management: the structured panel (NAAT, syphilis serology, HIV, hepatitis B and C, cervical screen), the verbatim first-line chl (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — upper genital tract infection - [Pelvic inflammatory disease & tubo-ovarian abscess — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/pelvic-inflammatory-disease-and-tubo-ovarian-abscess) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on pelvic inflammatory disease: the CDC 2021 minimum criteria and threshold, the outpatient triple regimen with doses, the admission criteria, and th (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — vaginal infections - [Vaginal discharge — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/vaginal-discharge-bv-candidiasis-aerobic-vaginitis) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on vaginal discharge: the Amsel criteria and Nugent score reproduced verbatim, the CDC 2021 bacterial vaginosis regimens with doses, and the bedside (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — vulval disorders - [Vulval dermatoses — lichen sclerosus with a focal ulcer — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/vulval-dermatoses) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on vulval lichen sclerosus with a focal ulcer: the diagnosis, the diagnostic biopsy rule, the first-line clobetasol regimen, the approximately 4 perc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Vulval lichen sclerosus and the focal ulcer — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/vulval-dermatoses-lichen-sclerosus-lichen-planus) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on vulval lichen sclerosus with a focal ulcer: the diagnosis, the diagnostic biopsy rule, the first-line clobetasol regimen, the approximately 4 perc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology - [Endometrial hyperplasia and atypia — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/endometrial-hyperplasia-and-atypia) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on endometrial hyperplasia and atypia: WHO 2014 two-tier classification, the GOG concurrent-carcinoma data, the fertility-sparing surveillance pathwa (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Epithelial ovarian cancer — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/epithelial-ovarian-cancer) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on epithelial ovarian cancer: the FIGO 2021 staging with IC and IIIA1 subdivisions, the primary-debulking vs NACT decision (EORTC 55971 and CHORUS), (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — cancer in pregnancy - [Gynaecological cancer in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/gynae-cancer-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on gynaecological cancer in pregnancy: the imaging approach (non-contrast MRI first-line, do not withhold CT or PET, no abdominal shielding), the thr (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Gynaecological cancer in pregnancy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/gynaecological-cancer-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on gynaecological cancer in pregnancy: the multidisciplinary principle and the three decision variables, ALARA imaging and the NIPT/CA-125 pitfalls, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological oncology — cervical - [Cervical cancer — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/cervical-cancer) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on cervical cancer: FIGO 2018 stage assignment with the IB size subgroups and IIIC nodal substages, the concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimen with wee (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — gestational trophoblastic disease - [Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/gestational-trophoblastic-neoplasia) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: the FIGO hCG criteria, the FIGO 2000 anatomic staging reproduced verbatim, the WHO eight-variable (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/gtn-persistent-disease) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on post-molar GTN: the FIGO hCG-plateau criterion, pre-chemotherapy workup, the FIGO 2000 staging and WHO prognostic score reproduced verbatim, and t (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — non-epithelial ovarian tumours - [Yolk sac tumour in a young woman — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/borderline-germ-cell-sex-cord-stromal-ovarian-tumours) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on a malignant ovarian germ cell tumour in a young woman: the diagnosis and tumour markers, fertility-sparing staging surgery, the BEP regimen with d (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — premalignant cervical disease - [Colposcopy and treatment of CIN/CGIN — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/colposcopy-and-treatment-of-cin-cgin) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on colposcopy of a high-grade squamous lesion: the structured colposcopic assessment, the ablation-versus-excision decision, the obstetric outcomes o (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological oncology — screening and prevention - [Cervical screening and HPV — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/cervical-screening-and-hpv) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on cervical screening: NCSP eligibility and self-collection policy, the reflex cytology triage pathway for an HPV-positive sample (HPV 16/18 versus o (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — survivorship - [Survivorship, MDT working and the generalist's role — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/survivorship-mdt-working-and-the-generalist-s-role) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on gynaecological cancer survivorship written for the generalist: the symptom-driven surveillance principle with visit intervals by cancer type, the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynaecological oncology — survivorship and MDT working - [Survivorship and MDT working — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/survivorship-and-mdt-working) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on gynaecological cancer survivorship: survivorship care plan components, the sexual-function restorative ladder (moisturiser/lubricant, topical vagi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological oncology — uterine corpus - [Endometrial cancer — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/endometrial-cancer) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on endometrial cancer: the postmenopausal bleeding diagnostic pathway, the surgical and sentinel-node strategy (FIRES), the FIGO 2023 molecular stage (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — vagina - [Vaginal cancer and VaIN — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/vaginal-cancer-and-vain) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on primary vaginal cancer: the FIGO primary-vaginal definition, the FIGO staging reproduced verbatim, the radiotherapy-dominant management with brach (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — vulvar cancer and VIN - [Vulvar cancer with a focal ulcer on lichen sclerosus — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/vulvar-cancer-and-vin) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on vulvar squamous cell carcinoma arising on lichen sclerosus: the FIGO 2021 staging and depth-of-invasion definition, surgical management with senti (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological surgery — intraoperative complications and lower urinary tract injury - [Ureteric injury at laparoscopic hysterectomy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/recognition-intraoperative-management-ureteric-bladder-injury) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on an intraoperatively recognised left ureteric injury at laparoscopic hysterectomy: confirmation and characterisation, the four points of ureteric r (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Intrapartum care — analgesia and anaesthesia - [Obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/obstetric-analgesia-and-anaesthesia) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia: epidural evidence counselling, spinal technique with hypotension prevention (phenylephrine consensus), post-d (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — birth after caesarean - [Birth after caesarean — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/birth-after-caesarean) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on birth after caesarean: absolute contraindications, quantified success and rupture risk with named sources, the intrapartum requirements for a safe (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — birth injury and repair - [Perineal trauma and OASIS — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/perineal-trauma) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on obstetric anal sphincter injury after rotational forceps: systematic genital tract assessment with rectal examination, the Sultan/RCOG grading, th (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — fetal surveillance - [Fetal blood sampling and scalp lactate — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/fetal-blood-sampling-and-scalp-lactate) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on intrapartum fetal blood sampling: indications, prerequisites and the full contraindication list including the group B streptococcus exception, tec (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Fetal surveillance modalities in labour — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/fetal-surveillance-modalities-in-labour) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ contrasting two labouring women: intelligent structured intermittent auscultation with its criteria and technique, the conversion triggers to continu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Intrapartum CTG interpretation — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/intrapartum-ctg-interpretation) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on intrapartum CTG interpretation: systematic description and grading against the RANZCOG C-Obs 1 feature framework, identification and correction of (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — induction of labour - [Induction of labour — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/induction-of-labour) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on induction of labour after previous caesarean: calculating and interpreting the Bishop score, quantifying the uterine rupture risk by method, selec (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — labour and birth - [Term prelabour rupture of membranes — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/term-prelabour-rupture-of-membranes) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on term PROM in a group B streptococcus positive nulliparous woman: sterile speculum assessment and the quantified harm of digital examination, the T (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — labour dystocia and augmentation - [Slow progress in labour and augmentation — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/slow-progress-in-labour-and-augmentation) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on slow progress in the first stage: applying the RANZCOG C-Obs 31 definition, classifying by power, passenger and passage, correcting the reversible (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — malpresentation and operative birth - [Vaginal breech birth — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/vaginal-breech-birth) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on vaginal breech birth: the RANZCOG C-Obs 11 contraindication list with mechanical reasoning, the hands-off conduct of the active second stage, Lövs (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — medical comorbidity - [Intrapartum care with existing medical conditions — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/intrapartum-care-with-existing-medical-conditions) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on intrapartum care with existing medical conditions: the cardiac intrapartum plan, the diabetes glucose approach and postpartum insulin adjustment, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — multiple pregnancy - [Twin birth — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/twin-birth) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on twin birth: the admission checklist, the interval between twins and conduct of a breech second twin, internal podalic version with its classic err (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — obstetric emergencies - [Amniotic fluid embolism — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/amniotic-fluid-embolism) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on amniotic fluid embolism: the discriminating differential, the first-five-minute resuscitation with perimortem caesarean timing, product-targeted c (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Primary postpartum haemorrhage — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/primary-postpartum-haemorrhage) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on atonic primary PPH: first-five-minute priorities, bedside exclusion of the 4 T's, the uterotonic ladder with doses and contraindications, and esca (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-25) - [Shoulder dystocia — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/shoulder-dystocia) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on shoulder dystocia: the first 60 seconds, the manoeuvre ladder with technique, the two contraindicated actions, and the medico-legal record after a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Umbilical cord prolapse — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/umbilical-cord-prolapse) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on umbilical cord prolapse: the first two minutes, mode and urgency of birth with transfer, bladder filling technique and its evidence, and the rural (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Uterine rupture and scar dehiscence — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/uterine-rupture-and-scar-dehiscence) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on uterine rupture: the differential and discriminating features, the first five minutes, the repair-versus-hysterectomy decision at the table, and c (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — operative birth - [Caesarean birth — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/caesarean-birth) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on caesarean birth: urgency classification and decision-to-delivery standards, antibiotic prophylaxis with agent, dose, route and timing, the deeply (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Caesarean birth on maternal request — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/caesarean-birth-on-maternal-request) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on caesarean birth on maternal request: structuring the first consultation and screening for tokophobia and trauma, the benefit-and-harm balance in a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Caesarean urgency and timing at term — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/caesarean-urgency-categorisation-and-timing-at-term) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on caesarean urgency categorisation and timing at term: category 1 recognition and the first five minutes, the decision-to-delivery interval audit an (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Instrumental vaginal birth — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/instrumental-vaginal-birth) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on assisted vaginal birth: the prerequisites checklist with reasoning, resolving an uncertain fetal head position, choosing setting and instrument fo (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — physiological birth - [Normal labour and birth — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/normal-labour-and-birth) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on normal labour: defining the phases and quoting RANZCOG C-Obs 31 durations, assessing slow labour at 4 hours, defending a well second stage at 2 ho (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — place of birth and care model - [Models of intrapartum care — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/models-of-intrapartum-care) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on models of intrapartum care: counselling a nulliparous woman on planned home birth with the Birthplace numbers, water immersion evidence and servic (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — preterm birth - [Preterm labour and birth — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/preterm-labour-and-birth) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on threatened preterm labour at 28+4 weeks in a regional hospital: first-30-minute priorities, full antenatal corticosteroid and magnesium sulfate pr (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/preterm-prelabour-rupture-of-membranes) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on PPROM at 29+1 weeks: sterile speculum diagnosis and the examination to avoid, the erythromycin latency prescription and the co-amoxiclav harm, the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — preterm birth prevention - [Cervical cerclage — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/cervical-cerclage) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on cervical cerclage: the three indications with their evidence (history, ultrasound, rescue), the three pre-procedure questions and contraindication (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — third stage of labour - [Retained placenta and manual removal — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/retained-placenta-and-manual-removal) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on retained placenta complicated by bleeding: definition and the bleeding-override rule, the resuscitation-to-theatre bundle, the Release and GOT-IT (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — assessment and transition - [Neonatal assessment and transitional care — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/neonatal-assessment-and-transitional-care) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on the Apgar score, paired cord gas interpretation, transitional care escalation, and a failed pulse-oximetry screen. Per-sub-part marking rubric inc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — bilirubin metabolism - [Neonatal jaundice — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/neonatal-jaundice) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on haemolytic neonatal jaundice (Rh isoimmunisation): classification, nomogram-based threshold management, the work-up for haemolysis, the role of in (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — birth trauma - [Subgaleal haemorrhage after vacuum — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/birth-injuries) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on subgaleal haemorrhage after a difficult vacuum delivery: recognition, the first-hour resuscitation, the RANZCOG C-Obs 28 tiered surveillance proto (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy - [Term infant with neonatal encephalopathy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/neonatal-encephalopathy-hie-and-therapeutic-hypothermia) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on neonatal encephalopathy and HIE: the three cooling gates, the obstetrician's contribution to the cooling decision and the first hour, the ACOG/AAP (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — infection - [Early-onset neonatal sepsis — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/early-onset-neonatal-sepsis) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on early-onset neonatal sepsis: first-hour priorities, investigation sequence, empirical antibiotic regimen (benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin in ANZ) (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — metabolic and transitional care - [Neonatal hypoglycaemia — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/neonatal-hypoglycaemia) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on an at-risk jittery newborn: the operational threshold, buccal dextrose gel 200 mg/kg, intravenous and glucagon escalation, and the neurodevelopmen (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — outcomes of prematurity - [Periviability counselling at 23+4 weeks — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/outcomes-of-prematurity-the-obstetrician-must-know) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on periviability counselling: the ANZNN 2023 survival number with its denominator caveats, the four obstetric levers, the counselling script with its (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — perinatal palliative care - [Antenatal diagnosis of a life-limiting condition — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/perinatal-palliative-care-and-neonatal-death) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on perinatal palliative care after an antenatal diagnosis of a life-limiting condition. Tests the diagnosis conversation, the birth plan with the mon (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — resuscitation and transition - [Neonatal resuscitation at birth — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/neonatal-resuscitation-at-birth) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on a bradycardic newborn: the 60-second assessment, escalation to compressions and adrenaline, ventilation settings and saturation targets, and post- (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Perioperative care - [Enhanced recovery after gynaecological surgery — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/enhanced-recovery-after-gynaecological-surgery) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ with per-part marking rubric. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) - [Perioperative VTE prophylaxis — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/perioperative-vte-prophylaxis) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ with per-part marking rubric. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) - [Prophylactic antibiotics in gynaecological surgery — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/prophylactic-antibiotics-in-o-and-g-surgery) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ with per-part marking rubric. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative care — medico-legal - [Consent and provision of information — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/consent-and-provision-of-information) — FRANZCOG SAQ on RANZCOG C-Gen 2: capacity, voluntariness, adequate information, Rogers v Whitaker, communication support, documentation and withdrawal of consent. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative care — post-operative complications - [Post-operative complications in gynaecology — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/post-operative-complications) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on post-operative complications after major gynaecologic oncology surgery: day-5 anastomotic leak differential, structured assessment with NEWS2, the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative — pre-operative optimisation - [Perioperative medication management — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/perioperative-medication-management) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on perioperative medication management: pre-operative withhold plan for anticoagulation (DOAC vs warfarin logic), diabetes (metformin, SGLT2, basal i (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Postpartum care — contraception and reproductive planning - [Postpartum contraception — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/postpartum-contraception) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on postpartum contraception: the reproductive-intention opener, WHO-MEC categories by feeding status, immediate postpartum intrauterine device insert (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — haemorrhage - [Secondary postpartum haemorrhage — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/secondary-postpartum-haemorrhage) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on secondary PPH: retained products and endometritis coexisting, resuscitation, the honest limits of ultrasound, surgical evacuation consent and prin (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — hypertensive disease - [Postpartum hypertension and preeclampsia — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/postpartum-hypertension-and-preeclampsia) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on de novo postpartum preeclampsia presenting after discharge: the one-hour severe-hypertension target with named agents and doses, the severe-featur (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — infection and sepsis - [Puerperal sepsis and endometritis — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/puerperal-sepsis-and-endometritis) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on puerperal sepsis: the WHO organ-dysfunction definition, the first-hour bundle, the empirical antibiotic regimen and the antitoxin role of clindamy (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — lactation - [Lactation: a red breast on day 12 — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/lactation) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on the mastitis spectrum progressing from inflammatory to bacterial mastitis to abscess: placing the presentation on the spectrum, the antibiotic reg (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — perinatal mental health - [Postnatal mental health — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/postnatal-mental-health) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on postnatal depression with a positive item 10: the EPDS interpretation and the immediate risk assessment, a stepped-care management plan with sertr (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — perineal health and wound care - [Perineal wound complications and breakdown — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/perineal-wound-complications-and-breakdown) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on perineal wound complications and breakdown after OASIS repair: the NICE NG194 assessment questions, the rectal examination obligation, theatre ver (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — recovery and perioperative care - [Recovery after operative birth — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/recovery-after-operative-birth-and-enhanced-recovery) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on enhanced recovery after caesarean in an obese woman: the day-0 bundle elements with timings, the multimodal analgesia ladder with doses, weight-ba (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — routine and preventive - [Normal puerperium and postnatal care — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/normal-puerperium-and-postnatal-care) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on the normal puerperium: the 'feels dreadful with a normal chart' principle, the nine-point postnatal review, the NICE/WHO contact schedule, and pos (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Pre-pregnancy and antenatal care — placental disorders - [Placenta accreta spectrum — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/placenta-accreta-spectrum) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on placenta accreta spectrum: targeted imaging and its accuracy, multidisciplinary antenatal planning and timing of birth, the operative sequence of (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Vasa praevia — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/vasa-praevia) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on vasa praevia: explaining the diagnosis with the survival data, antenatal planning and the admission controversy, timing and mode of birth with the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Professional practice - [Evidence-based medicine — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/evidence-based-medicine-statistics-o-g) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on evidence-based medicine and statistics: PICO question formulation, hierarchy and appraisal, calculation of ARR and NNT, interpretation of funnel p (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) - [Human factors, teamwork and leadership on labour ward — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/human-factors-teamwork-and-leadership-on-labour-ward) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on labour ward CRM: first-two-minute leadership, iSoBAR handover with components, closed-loop communication in practice, and the consultant-arrives d (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) - [Stillbirth disclosure and bereavement planning — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/breaking-bad-news-and-perinatal-loss-communication) — FRANZCOG structured SAQ on disclosing stillbirth, immediate choices, longitudinal bereavement care and staff wellbeing, with per-part marking rubric. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — Scholar role, research literacy and evidence-based practice - [Research literacy — structured SAQ on PICO framing, critical appraisal of an RCT, ethics application and GRADE (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/research-literacy-and-the-scholar-role) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on research literacy: PICO framing, the highest-level design and a landmark trial (ASPRE), RoB 2 appraisal, interpretation of a relative risk and 95% (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — clinical governance - [Documentation, clinical handover and open disclosure — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/documentation-clinical-handover-and-open-disclosure) — FRANZCOG SAQ on documentation, ISBAR handover, open disclosure after a patient safety incident, the apology vs admission of fault, and second-victim support. Tests contemporaneous (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — clinical governance, quality and patient safety - [Clinical governance — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/clinical-governance) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on clinical governance after a retained surgical swab (never event): immediate actions, open disclosure, root cause analysis with the London Protocol (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Professional practice — equity, culture and communication - [Culturally safe maternity care — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/cultural-safety-diverse-communities) — FRANZCOG SAQ on culturally safe care for a language-discordant woman of refugee background: qualified interpreter use, trauma-informed assessment, privacy, consent, structural barr (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — ethics, law and regulation - [Medico-legal frameworks — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/medico-legal-frameworks) — FRANZCOG SAQ on negligence (Bolam/Bolitho/Rogers/Montgomery chain), the four-stage civil test, the three elements of valid consent, the patient-centred material-risk standard, and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — family and domestic violence, advocacy and safety - [Family and domestic violence — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/family-and-domestic-violence) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on family and domestic violence in pregnancy: the WHO LIVES first-line response, documentation standard, lethality risk assessment (Danger Assessment (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Professional practice — professionalism, ethics and regulation - [Mandatory notification, professional boundaries and indemnity — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/professionalism) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on professionalism: immediate duties in a colleague's possible impairment, the National Law mandatory-notification framework, indemnity cover types, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Reproductive endocrinology & infertility - [Anovulation and ovulation induction — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/anovulation-and-ovulation-induction) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on anovulation and ovulation induction: the WHO classification verbatim with group assignment, the letrozole-first ladder with PPCOS II data, the low (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Congenital uterine anomalies — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/congenital-uterine-anomalies) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on congenital uterine anomalies: the three classification systems, the prevalence variation and its cause (competing septate criteria), the ESHRE/ESG (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Fertility preservation in a newly diagnosed breast cancer patient — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/fertility-preservation) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on oncofertility in ER-positive breast cancer: ASCO-aligned urgent referral, the letrozole 5 mg plus FSH protocol and its long-term safety, oocyte ve (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Infertility — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/infertility) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on infertility: the NICE NG257 (2026) definition and threshold, the four-arm couple workup with WHO 6th-edition semen limits reproduced verbatim, the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Intrauterine adhesions and Asherman syndrome — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/intrauterine-adhesions-and-asherman-syndrome) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on intrauterine adhesions and Asherman syndrome: pathophysiology and diagnosis, procedure-specific incidence and recurrence (Munro 2025), hysteroscop (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [IVF add-ons and fertility preservation — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/ivf-add-ons-and-fertility-preservation) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on social egg freezing: per-cycle yield, age-stratified cumulative prognosis, deferred transfer preparation, and evidence-based counselling on IVF ad (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [IVF and ART techniques — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/ivf-and-art-techniques) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on the OHSS prevention bundle in a high responder: agonist trigger, luteal LH activity support, freeze-all strategy, and management of established se (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Male-factor infertility — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/assessment-and-management-of-male-infertility) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on male-factor infertility: semen analysis interpretation, endocrine panel, genetic cascade, and pre-ART counselling in Klinefelter syndrome. Per-sub (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Male-factor infertility — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/male-factor-infertility) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on male-factor infertility: compartment classification of an abnormal semen sample, the exogenous-testosterone pitfall, the genetic cascade (karyotyp (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Pelvic-factor infertility — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/pelvic-factor-infertility-tubal-peritoneal) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on pelvic-factor infertility: NICE NG257 ordering of tubal patency tests, hydrosalpinx management before IVF, hysteroscopic myomectomy for FIGO 1 fib (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Recurrent implantation failure and ART adjuncts — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/recurrent-implantation-failure-and-art-adjuncts) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on recurrent implantation failure: the ESHRE cumulative-chance definition, the evidence-based structural and modifiable workup, PGT-A counselling (ST (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Tubal-factor infertility and tubal surgery — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/tubal-factor-infertility-and-tubal-surgery) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on tubal-factor infertility: the hydrosalpinx-before-IVF rule with evidence, surgical options (salpingectomy, proximal occlusion, aspiration) with Co (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Reproductive endocrinology & infertility — fertility-treatment complications - [Severe OHSS after IVF — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/ohss-and-fertility-treatment-complications) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on severe OHSS after IVF: the Golan-REI severity grading, the resuscitation bundle (crystalloid then colloid, thromboprophylaxis, paracentesis, ICU t (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Reproductive endocrinology & infertility — third-party reproduction - [Donor conception, surrogacy and social infertility — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/donor-conception-surrogacy-and-social-infertility-frameworks) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on donor-oocyte IVF, the mandatory counselling/consent/welfare-of-the-child gates, the obstetric and donor risks, and the ANZ surrogacy legal framewo (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Reproductive endocrinology and infertility - [Assisted reproductive technology — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/assisted-reproduction) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on assisted reproduction: infertility and ART definitions and ICSI indication, the staged IVF/ICSI pathway, protocol and embryo-transfer decisions wi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/ovarian-hyperstimulation-syndrome) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: Golan grading, the VEGF capillary-leak pathophysiology, inpatient management with volume and oncotic sup (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Sexual & reproductive health - [Abortion — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/abortion) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on post-abortion sepsis with retained products: resuscitation, the four complications, source control with the incomplete-abortion regimen, and the R (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Abortion care — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/abortion-care) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on first-trimester abortion care: counselling and assessment, the MS-2 Step regimen with gestational limits, method-specific analgesia and antibiotic (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Sexual and reproductive health - [Sexual dysfunction and dyspareunia — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/sexual-dysfunction-and-dyspareunia) — FRANZCOG-format SAQ on classification, biopsychosocial assessment, PLISSIT and management of GSM-associated superficial dyspareunia with secondary low desire. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Sexual and reproductive health — hormonal, non-hormonal and emergency contraception - [Emergency contraception consultation — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/hormonal-and-non-hormonal-contraception-emergency-contraception) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on EC choice, evidence base, ongoing contraception bridge, vomiting and missed EC failure. Per-sub-part marking rubric included. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Urogynaecology — fistula - [Vesicovaginal fistula after hysterectomy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/vesicovaginal-and-other-urinary-fistulae) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on post-hysterectomy continuous leakage: differential (VVF vs UVF), methylene blue dye test with IV indigo carmine discriminator, CT urogram, 3-month (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — infection - [Recurrent urinary tract infection — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/recurrent-urinary-tract-infection) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on recurrent UTI in a young sexually active woman: definition and threshold, re-infection vs persistence, first-line antibiotic, non-antibiotic preve (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — lower urinary tract dysfunction - [Overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/overactive-bladder-and-urgency-incontinence) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on OAB in an older woman: first-line pharmacotherapy choice (mirabegron over oxybutynin for cognitive safety), informed alternative discussion, escal (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Voiding dysfunction and urinary retention — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/voiding-dysfunction-and-urinary-retention) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on voiding dysfunction and urinary retention: clinical assessment and the post-void residual, investigation ladder and the ICS thresholds, four-bucke (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — lower urinary tract evaluation - [Urodynamics — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/urodynamics) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on multichannel urodynamics — NICE NG123 indications (do-not-do for uncomplicated primary SUI; do for urge-predominant MUI, type unclear, voiding dys (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — maternal birth trauma and rehabilitation - [Pelvic floor after childbirth — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/pelvic-floor-after-childbirth) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on childbirth pelvic floor trauma: the Sultan OASIS grading, immediate repair in theatre, the post-repair care bundle and perineal clinic follow-up, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Urogynaecology — pelvic floor disorders - [Pelvic organ prolapse — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/pelvic-organ-prolapse) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on symptomatic anterior compartment prolapse in a parous postmenopausal woman: POP-Q classification, the conservative ladder, the apical surgery deci (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) - [Pelvic organ prolapse — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/prolapse) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on pelvic organ prolapse: POP-Q staging, the compartments and DeLancey's levels, the conservative-to-surgical ladder with PREVPROL evidence, the occu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC; updated=2026-08-01) - [Stress urinary incontinence and midurethral sling — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/stress-urinary-incontinence-and-midurethral-slings) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on female stress urinary incontinence — diagnosis with mechanism, the conservative ladder that has been completed, the midurethral sling as the next (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Vault prolapse surgery — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/prolapse-surgical-management) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on vault prolapse surgery: DeLancey level and apical priority, sacrocolpopexy versus vaginal apical suspension (Maher 2023, OPTIMAL), the OPUS occult (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC; updated=2026-08-01) ### gynae-surgery - [Operative hysteroscopy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/operative-hysteroscopy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on operative hysteroscopy: fluid-management set-up and monitoring, the medium-energy match, the response to a rising deficit with a hypotonic medium, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Operative laparoscopy — structured SAQ (15 marks)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/saqs/operative-laparoscopy) — FRANZCOG-format structured SAQ on operative laparoscopy: entry-technique choice and verification in a scarred, thin abdomen; immediate management of major vessel injury at entry; e (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ## Cases (145) ### Antenatal care — abnormal placentation - [Planned caesarean for placenta praevia with accreta risk — procedural station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/placenta-praevia-and-low-lying-placenta) — Procedural and team-leadership station: the planned caesarean for anterior placenta praevia with sonographic placenta accreta spectrum. Tests pre-operative planning and consent, te (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal anomaly screening - [Fetal structural anomalies — breaking a soft-marker finding](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/fetal-structural-anomalies) — Communication station: break and contextualise soft-marker findings (echogenic focus and possible hyperechogenic bowel) for a distressed, internet-informed woman, plan a proportion (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal growth and mode of birth - [Counselling a woman with suspected macrosomia — communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/suspected-fetal-macrosomia) — Communication station: tests the candidate on counselling a woman with suspected macrosomia — framing the EFW estimate honestly, explaining the shoulder dystocia risk and its weak (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — fetal loss and bereavement - [Diagnosing and supporting a stillbirth — communication and management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/late-intrauterine-fetal-death) — Communication and management station: tests the candidate on confirming the diagnosis, breaking the news, conducting the investigation and birth-planning discussion, and supporting (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — fetal medicine - [Parvovirus hydrops — fetal anaemia management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/fetal-anaemia-and-hydrops-fetalis) — Fetal-medicine management station: parvovirus B19 aplastic anaemia with early hydrops. Tests the pathogenesis explanation, the MCA-PSV surveillance and 1.5 MoM threshold, intrauter (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal medicine and immunohaematology - [The sensitised booking visit — antenatal counselling and surveillance station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/rh-alloimmunisation-and-anti-d-prophylaxis) — Communication and clinical-reasoning station on the newly-identified alloimmunised pregnancy: candidate explains sensitisation in plain language, sets up serial MCA-PSV surveillanc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal surveillance - [Severe early-onset FGR with absent end-diastolic flow — decision station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/fetal-dopplers) — Decision station: severe early-onset FGR with AEDF and evolving pre-eclampsia. Tests the candidate's ability to admit and surveil, administer the corticosteroid and neuroprotection (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — maternal age and ART - [Booking visit for a 41-year-old ICSI singleton — communication and planning station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/advanced-maternal-age-and-art-conceived-pregnancies) — Communication and planning station: the booking visit for an advanced-maternal-age ART-conceived singleton. Tests the candidate's ability to distinguish age, subfertility and ART r (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — maternal immunisation - [Vaccine-hesitant woman at booking — communication and counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/pregnancy-vaccination) — Communication and counselling station: a vaccine-hesitant pregnant woman with a supportive but similarly concerned family member. Tests knowledge of the recommended and contraindic (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — maternal malignancy - [Newly diagnosed breast cancer at 18 weeks — communication and planning station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/malignancy-in-pregnancy) — Communication and planning station: a pregnant woman newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Tests the candidate's ability to convene the multidisciplinary team, communicate the progno (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — maternal medical conditions - [Class III obesity at caesarean — peri-operative management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/obesity-in-pregnancy) — Team-based peri-caesarean station for a class III obese woman with OSA. Tests the anaesthetic-airway plan, surgical access and equipment, weight-adjusted antibiotic dosing, weight- (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — maternal medicine - [Newly diagnosed gestational diabetes — counselling and shared decision-making station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/gestational-diabetes) — Simulated-patient counselling station on newly diagnosed gestational diabetes: delivering the diagnosis, correcting misinformation, negotiating a monitoring plan around shift work, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Preconception clinic in type 1 diabetes — counselling and planning station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/pregestational-diabetes-in-pregnancy) — Simulated-patient preconception counselling station in type 1 diabetes: delivering honest risk information tied to HbA1c, negotiating a contraception-until-ready plan, stopping ter (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Preeclampsia with pulmonary oedema — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/preeclampsia-diagnosis-and-management) — Emergency management station: acute pulmonary oedema complicating severe preeclampsia, precipitated by iatrogenic fluid. Tests recognition, oxygen and positioning, diuresis, severe (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Severe-range hypertension in the antenatal day unit — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/hypertensive-disorders-of-pregnancy) — Emergency management station: severe-range hypertension with neurological symptoms in a stand-alone antenatal day unit. Tests recognition of a hypertensive emergency, the 30 to 60 (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [The booking visit that prevents preeclampsia — communication and decision station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/preeclampsia-prediction-and-prevention) — Communication and shared-decision station: the booking risk assessment that must convert into a prescription. Tests risk stratification without biomarker screening, the full aspiri (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — medical disorders in pregnancy - [Mechanical valve in early pregnancy — preconception and anticoagulation counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/cardiac-disease-in-pregnancy) — Communication and decision station: a mechanical valve at 8 weeks. Tests the modified WHO classification, the three anticoagulation strategies with their trade-offs, shared decisio (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Suspected pulmonary embolism in late pregnancy — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/venous-thromboembolism-in-pregnancy-and-puerperium) — Emergency management station: suspected pulmonary embolism in late pregnancy. Tests the imaging choice, the immediate anticoagulation, the transition plan, the multidisciplinary re (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — medical disorders of pregnancy - [Acute severe asthma in pregnancy — resuscitation and communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/asthma-and-respiratory-disease-in-pregnancy) — Resuscitation station: acute severe asthma in pregnancy, with the underlying cause of ICS cessation. The candidate must recognise severity, run the acute bundle with named drugs an (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [AFLP at 34 weeks — emergency-management and communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/acute-fatty-liver-pregnancy-other-liver-disorders) — Resuscitation station: a third-trimester woman with AFLP. The candidate must recognise the Swansea criteria, run the supportive bundle, mobilise the team, and deliver — all while c (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Lupus nephritis flare versus superimposed preeclampsia — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/sle-and-antiphospholipid-syndrome-in-pregnancy) — Emergency station: lupus nephritis flare superimposed on chronic CKD in pregnancy. Tests the distinction of flare from superimposed preeclampsia, escalation of pregnancy-safe immun (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — multiple pregnancy - [Suspected twin-twin transfusion syndrome in a regional centre — referral and communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/monochorionic-twin-pregnancy) — Communication and decision station: suspected stage II twin-twin transfusion syndrome in a regional centre. Tests Quintero staging, the decision to refer for fetoscopic laser rathe (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Twin pregnancy at the booking scan — counselling and planning station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/multiple-pregnancy) — Counselling and planning station: a new diagnosis of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy. Tests the candidate's ability to explain chorionicity and its implications, sequence t (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — neurological disorders - [Status epilepticus in pregnancy — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/epilepsy-in-pregnancy) — Emergency management station on status epilepticus in pregnancy. Tests the candidate on the status epilepticus bundle with drug doses, exclusion of eclampsia, fetal monitoring, and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — obstetric emergencies - [Eclamptic seizure on the antenatal ward — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/eclampsia-and-hellp-syndrome) — Team-based emergency station: first-episode eclampsia on the antenatal ward with no intravenous access and a post-ictal fetal bradycardia. Tests the doorway bundle in order, the Zu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Major trauma in pregnancy with concealed abruption — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/trauma-in-pregnancy) — Emergency station: major blunt trauma in pregnancy with the risk of concealed placental abruption, fetomaternal haemorrhage and masked shock. Tests the modified primary survey with (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — obstetric haemorrhage - [Concealed abruption in labour — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/placental-abruption) — Team-based emergency station: acute concealed placental abruption during labour with fetal bradycardia. Tests recognition of concealed haemorrhage, the differential against uterine (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Massive antepartum haemorrhage at 30 weeks — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/antepartum-haemorrhage) — Team-based emergency station: massive undifferentiated antepartum haemorrhage at 30 weeks with an unknown placental site. Tests parallel resuscitation, the vaginal-examination rule (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — perinatal infections - [Group B streptococcus in labour — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/perinatal-infections-i-group-b-streptococcus) — Emergency management station: group B streptococcus in labour with penicillin allergy. Tests the IAP indication and regimen, the revised regimen when susceptibility changes, the ti (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [New diagnosis of syphilis in pregnancy with a penicillin allergy — communication and management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/perinatal-infections-iv) — Communication and management station: a new syphilis diagnosis in pregnancy with a reported penicillin allergy. Tests the staging cascade, the benzathine penicillin G regimen, the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [New HIV diagnosis in pregnancy — communication and management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/perinatal-infections-iii) — Communication and management station: a new HIV diagnosis in pregnancy. Tests the immediate combined prevention strategy, the multidisciplinary team activation, the partner-notific (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Varicella exposure in pregnancy — communication and management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/perinatal-infections-ii) — Communication and management station: varicella exposure in pregnancy with unknown immune status. Tests the serology-led approach, the post-exposure prophylaxis decision (VZIG or o (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — perinatal mental health - [Acute suicidal ideation in pregnancy — emergency communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/perinatal-mental-health) — Emergency communication and safety station: acute suicidal ideation with a plan in late pregnancy. Tests structured risk assessment, same-day escalation, the mother-and-baby pathwa (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — pregnancy after bariatric surgery - [Acute abdomen in pregnancy after gastric bypass — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/pregnancy-after-bariatric-surgery) — Team-based emergency station: suspected internal hernia with small bowel obstruction in the third trimester after Roux-en-Y bypass. Tests parallel maternal resuscitation, the surgi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — screening and prenatal diagnosis - [Screen-positive result — counselling and diagnostic decision station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/prenatal-screening-for-chromosomal-conditions) — Simulated-patient counselling station on a screen-positive cfDNA result: explaining that cfDNA is a screening test, naming the diagnostic pathway (CVS), putting the risk in context (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — substance use and addiction - [Substance use in pregnancy — booking-visit communication and management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/substance-use-in-pregnancy) — Communication and management station: a late-booking woman with concealed polysubstance use and a child-protection history. Tests trauma-informed universal screening with AUDIT-C a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — timing of birth - [Post-term at 41+5 — communication and counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/post-term-pregnancy) — Communication and shared-decision-making station: a capable, informed woman declining induction at post-term gestation. Tests risk literacy, balanced counselling, respect for auton (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Critical care in obstetrics and gynaecology - [Euglycaemic ketoacidosis on the antenatal ward — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/diabetic-ketoacidosis-in-pregnancy) — Team-based emergency station: euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis on an antenatal ward after antenatal corticosteroids and preterm prelabour rupture of membranes. Tests bedside keton (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Running the massive obstetric haemorrhage protocol — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/massive-obstetric-haemorrhage) — Team-based emergency station: running an obstetric massive haemorrhage protocol in a woman with a contracted uterus and ongoing bleeding. Tests protocol activation with named roles (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — escalation and safety-net - [Triggered obstetric early warning score — bedside response and escalation station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/obstetric-early-warning-scores-and-escalation) — Team-based resuscitation station: triggered obstetric early warning score in a postpartum woman with evolving haemorrhagic and septic compromise. Tests parallel ABCDE with obstetri (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — maternal physiology - [Critically ill pregnant woman — physiology-modified resuscitation station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/physiological-changes-of-pregnancy-for-critical-care) — Resuscitation station on a pregnant woman with severe pneumonia and evolving type 2 respiratory failure on a background of pregnancy physiology. Tests ABG interpretation against pr (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — maternal resuscitation - [Collapse on the postnatal ward — maternal resuscitation station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/maternal-collapse-and-resuscitation-in-pregnancy) — Timed team-based resuscitation station: undifferentiated maternal collapse at 26 weeks with two competing iatrogenic causes. Tests declared leadership, the pregnancy-adapted four H (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Eclampsia on the labour ward — resuscitation station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/hypertensive-crisis-and-refractory-eclampsia) — Timed resuscitation station: eclampsia with severe-range hypertension, evolving to a refractory seizure and then postpartum magnesium toxicity. Tests the magnesium regimen with loa (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Maternal sepsis on the postnatal ward — resuscitation station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/sepsis-and-septic-shock-in-pregnancy-and-puerperium) — Timed resuscitation station: postpartum septic shock with a wound source. Tests pregnancy-aware recognition, the one-hour bundle with empiric antibiotic doses, vasopressor escalati (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Resuscitative hysterotomy in the emergency department — procedural resuscitation station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/perimortem-caesarean-birth) — Timed procedural resuscitation station: resuscitative hysterotomy for traumatic maternal cardiac arrest outside theatre. Tests the fundal-height indication, an immediate timed deci (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Sudden postpartum collapse — massive PE resuscitation station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/respiratory-failure-ventilation-and-massive-pe-in-pregnancy) — Timed resuscitation station: massive pulmonary embolism after caesarean, evolving to cardiac arrest. Tests the recognition of high-risk PE, the empiric thrombolysis with agent and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — renal - [Postpartum acute kidney injury — emergency management and RRT decision station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/acute-kidney-injury-in-pregnancy) — Resuscitation station on pregnancy-related AKI stage 3 after PPH with sepsis. Tests KDIGO recognition against the pregnant baseline, immediate management of hyperkalaemia and acido (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care - [Breaking bad news at the 12-week scan — communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/early-pregnancy-support-and-pregnancy-after-loss-care) — Communication station: breaking the news of a missed miscarriage at the 12-week scan. Tests structured bad-news delivery (warning shot, plain words, silence), language discipline ( (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Breaking uncertain news in early pregnancy — communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/early-pregnancy-pain-and-bleeding) — Communication and shared-decision station: explaining a pregnancy of unknown location to a woman expecting a yes-or-no answer. Tests plain-language explanation of diagnostic uncert (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Ovarian torsion in pregnancy — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/adnexal-masses-in-early-pregnancy) — Emergency station: suspected ovarian torsion at 10 weeks in an IVF pregnancy with a known adnexal mass. Tests the recognition of the torsion clock, the surgical decision and approa (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Wernicke encephalopathy in hyperemesis — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/nausea-vomiting-and-hyperemesis-gravidarum) — Emergency station: clinical Wernicke encephalopathy in hyperemesis gravidarum, with an ED doctor about to give dextrose. Tests recognition of the eye-and-confusion presentation, th (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care — pregnancy loss - [Septic miscarriage with shock — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/miscarriage) — Team-based emergency station: septic miscarriage with septic shock in a regional unit. Tests sepsis recognition and the one-hour bundle, the decision to evacuate a septic uterus, e (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Gynae-oncology — hereditary cancer - [Counselling a confirmed BRCA1 carrier — communication and counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/hereditary-gynae-cancer-syndromes) — Communication and counselling station: a confirmed BRCA1 carrier needs risk counselling, a recommendation for risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy with its timing and limits, discus (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynae-oncology — systemic therapy - [Febrile patient on chemotherapy — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/systemic-therapy-for-the-generalist) — Emergency-management station: suspected neutropenic sepsis in a patient mid-chemotherapy. Tests recognition of the nadir window, the principle of empirical antibiotics within the h (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynae-surgery — cervical insufficiency and preterm birth prevention - [Rescue cerclage for a dilated cervix — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/abdominal-and-transvaginal-cervical-cerclage) — Procedural decision station: examination-indicated (rescue) cerclage. Tests the exclusion of labour and infection before theatre, membrane reduction, the technique and tocolysis, a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynae-surgery — early pregnancy and abortion care - [Septic miscarriage — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/surgical-management-of-miscarriage-and-abortion) — Team-based emergency station: septic miscarriage with haemodynamic compromise. Tests the sepsis six, source control by evacuation, antibiotic choice, anti-D, and the decision to op (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynae-surgery — hysterectomy - [Emergency management station — vaginal cuff dehiscence with bowel evisceration after laparoscopic hysterectomy](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/hysterectomy) — Team-based emergency station: management of vaginal cuff dehiscence with bowel evisceration after laparoscopic hysterectomy, resuscitation, return to theatre for repair, and postop (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Gynae-surgery — surgical anatomy and dissection - [Emergency management station — intraoperative bleeding at the lateral cervical step](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/surgical-anatomy-of-the-female-pelvis) — Team-based emergency station: management of intraoperative bleeding at the lateral cervical step of laparoscopic hysterectomy, identification of the ureter, named-vessel haemostasi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Gynaecological health — sexually transmitted infections - [STI screening and partner notification — clinic station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/sti-screening-and-management-for-the-gynaecologist) — Communication and management clinic station on a positive chlamydia diagnosis: counselling, treatment with the verbatim first-line dose, partner notification including the PDPT opt (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — cancer in pregnancy - [Cervical cancer at 19 weeks — multidisciplinary management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/gynaecological-cancer-in-pregnancy) — Communication and multidisciplinary-management station on cervical cancer in pregnancy: tests the governing principle and the three decision variables, ALARA imaging with the NIPT/ (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological oncology — gestational trophoblastic disease - [High-risk GTN with brain metastases — multidisciplinary management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/gtn-persistent-disease) — Multidisciplinary emergency station on ultra-high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with brain metastases. Tests the recognition of GTN after non-molar pregnancy, the WHO sc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Plateauing hCG after a molar pregnancy — diagnosis and treatment station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/gestational-trophoblastic-neoplasia) — Management station for post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia presented as a plateauing hCG: candidate excludes phantom hCG and pregnancy, stages and scores with the FIGO 2 (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological oncology — premalignant cervical disease - [High-grade lesion at colposcopy — counselling and treatment station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/colposcopy-and-treatment-of-cin-cgin) — Communication-and-management station for a high-grade squamous lesion at colposcopy: candidate counsels a young woman wanting fertility, presents the excision-vs-ablation decision (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological oncology — screening and prevention - [Cervical screening pathway — abnormal result navigation station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/cervical-screening-and-hpv) — Abnormal-result navigation and counselling station on cervical screening: explaining the NCSP and self-collection, applying the reflex cytology triage pathway for an HPV-positive s (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — survivorship - [Survivorship review — assessment and shared-care station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/survivorship-mdt-working-and-the-generalist-s-role) — Assessment and shared-care station on gynaecological cancer survivorship: applying the symptom-driven surveillance principle, working up the swollen leg to exclude recurrence befor (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynaecological oncology — survivorship and MDT working - [Survivorship clinic — integrated survivorship and MDT station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/survivorship-and-mdt-working) — Communication and integrated-care station on gynaecological cancer survivorship: tests the structured survivorship assessment, the sexual-function restorative ladder, lymphoedema a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological oncology — vagina - [Vaginal cancer MDT — staging and treatment-planning station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/vaginal-cancer-and-vain) — Staging and treatment-planning station on primary vaginal cancer. Tests the FIGO primary-vaginal definition, the verbatim staging applied to imaging, the radiotherapy-dominant mana (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological surgery — intraoperative complications and lower urinary tract injury - [Ureteric and bladder injury recognised intraoperatively — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/recognition-intraoperative-management-ureteric-bladder-injury) — Intraoperative emergency station: a ureteric injury (absent left jet) and an incidental bladder cystotomy recognised at cystoscopy during a difficult laparoscopic hysterectomy. Tes (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological surgery — uterus-sparing procedures - [Laparoscopic myomectomy with intraoperative haemorrhage — emergency recognition and management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/myomectomy) — Team-based emergency station: intraoperative haemorrhage during laparoscopic myomectomy, vasopressin and uterotonic escalation, conversion threshold and the safe conversion sequenc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Intrapartum care — analgesia and anaesthesia - [Failed intubation in obstetric general anaesthesia — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/obstetric-analgesia-and-anaesthesia) — Team-based emergency station: failed intubation during obstetric general anaesthesia. Tests the OAA-DAS four-plan algorithm, the wake-or-proceed decision, closed-loop communication (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — birth after caesarean - [Suspected uterine scar rupture in labour — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/birth-after-caesarean) — Emergency station on suspected uterine scar rupture during planned VBAC: recognition when the epidural has removed the pain sign, the immediate bundle, category 1 transfer, intraop (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — birth injury and repair - [OASIS recognition and repair — procedural station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/perineal-trauma) — Procedural station on obstetric anal sphincter injury: systematic genital tract assessment with rectal examination, correct grading under uncertainty, the decision to move to theat (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — fetal surveillance - [Acute fetal bradycardia on labour ward — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/intrapartum-ctg-interpretation) — Team-based emergency station: acute intrapartum bradycardia in a woman labouring after previous caesarean. Tests parallel intrauterine resuscitation, the differential for an acute (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Changing the monitoring plan — communication and decision-making station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/fetal-surveillance-modalities-in-labour) — Communication and shared decision-making station: renegotiating the fetal monitoring plan with a woman whose birth preferences are being changed by a clinical development. Tests ho (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — induction of labour - [Counselling for induction at 41 weeks — shared decision-making station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/induction-of-labour) — Simulated-patient shared decision-making station: counselling a well-informed nulliparous woman about induction at 41 weeks versus expectant management to 42 weeks. Tests accurate (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — malpresentation and operative birth - [Undiagnosed breech at full dilatation — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/vaginal-breech-birth) — Team-based emergency station: an undiagnosed footling breech delivering at full dilatation. Tests rapid recognition, the hands-off principle under pressure, the manoeuvre sequence (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — medical comorbidity - [Cardiac disease in labour — emergency management and planning station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/intrapartum-care-with-existing-medical-conditions) — Emergency-management and planning station on a cardiac woman decompensating in labour: candidate leads the recognition of pulmonary oedema, the condition-specific resuscitation, th (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — multiple pregnancy - [Second twin transverse after birth of twin 1 — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/twin-birth) — Team-based emergency station: transverse second twin with fetal bradycardia after vaginal birth of twin 1. Tests the interval drill, decision-making between internal podalic versio (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — obstetric emergencies - [Collapse in second stage — amniotic fluid embolism resuscitation station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/amniotic-fluid-embolism) — Timed team-based resuscitation station: intrapartum collapse from amniotic fluid embolism. Tests declared leadership, pregnancy-modified CPR, the four-minute hysterotomy commitment (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Cord prolapse at a rural birth centre — emergency drill station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/umbilical-cord-prolapse) — Timed drill-style emergency management station: umbilical cord prolapse in a rural setting with no theatre and a 55-minute transfer. Tests diagnosis in one examination, continuous (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Massive PPH after caesarean — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/primary-postpartum-haemorrhage) — Team-based emergency station: intraoperative atonic PPH after twin caesarean. Tests parallel resuscitation, intraoperative surgical ladder, transfusion targets, closed-loop communi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-25) - [Shoulder dystocia after mid-cavity vacuum — emergency drill station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/shoulder-dystocia) — Timed drill-style emergency management station: shoulder dystocia following mid-cavity instrumental birth in a diabetic pregnancy — the highest-failure subgroup. Tests declaration (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Uterine rupture during a trial of labour — emergency drill station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/uterine-rupture-and-scar-dehiscence) — Timed drill-style emergency management station: complete uterine rupture during a trial of labour after caesarean. Tests immediate recognition and commitment to the diagnosis, stop (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — operative birth - [Caesarean on maternal request after sexual assault — counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/caesarean-birth-on-maternal-request) — Communication and counselling station on a request driven by trauma: candidate elicits the reason, screens safely, offers structured support, counsels the benefit-and-harm balance (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Category 1 caesarean at 02:40 — emergency decision and escalation station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/caesarean-urgency-categorisation-and-timing-at-term) — Emergency decision and escalation station: a category 1 caesarean when the only theatre is occupied. Tests category assignment under pressure, intrauterine resuscitation, parallel (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Category 1 caesarean for cord prolapse — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/caesarean-birth) — Team-based emergency station: category 1 caesarean for cord prolapse. Tests immediate cord-prolapse manoeuvres, urgency classification and decision-to-delivery timing, anaesthetic (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Failed ventouse at full dilatation — procedural decision station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/instrumental-vaginal-birth) — Procedural decision station on assisted vaginal birth: candidate must recognise a high-risk mid-cavity rotational attempt, choose a trial in theatre, run the prerequisites, apply t (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — physiological birth - [Birth plan counselling in early labour — communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/normal-labour-and-birth) — Simulated-patient communication station: negotiating an intervention-minimising birth plan in the latent phase. Tests the RANZCOG C-Obs 31 definitions delivered in plain language, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — place of birth and care model - [Planning a home birth — counselling and transfer planning station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/models-of-intrapartum-care) — Communication and counselling station on planning a home birth: candidate elicits the woman's values, gives the parity-specific Birthplace numbers, explains eligibility and the tra (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — preterm birth - [Imminent preterm birth at 25 weeks in a regional hospital — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/preterm-labour-and-birth) — Team-based emergency station: imminent extremely preterm breech birth in a hospital without neonatal intensive care. Tests the bundle under time pressure, the tocolysis and transfe (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — third stage of labour - [Retained placenta with bleeding — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/retained-placenta-and-manual-removal) — Team-based emergency station: retained placenta complicated by haemorrhage in a woman at risk of accreta. Tests the bleeding-override decision, parallel resuscitation, honest appra (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — assessment and transition - [Failed newborn screen — critical congenital heart disease station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/neonatal-assessment-and-transitional-care) — Assessment and escalation station: a failed pulse-oximetry screen for critical congenital heart disease in a well-looking baby. Tests recognition of the failed screen, the duct-dep (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — bilirubin metabolism - [Haemolytic neonatal jaundice — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/neonatal-jaundice) — Emergency management station for haemolytic neonatal jaundice (Rh isoimmunisation). Tests parallel resuscitation, the nomogram-based threshold framework, escalation from intensive (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — birth trauma - [Subgaleal haemorrhage after vacuum — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/birth-injuries) — Emergency management station for subgaleal haemorrhage after a difficult vacuum. Tests parallel resuscitation, the RANZCOG C-Obs 28 tiered surveillance protocol, escalation to retr (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy - [Acute intrapartum event and the cooling decision — emergency + communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/neonatal-encephalopathy-hie-and-therapeutic-hypothermia) — Emergency management and communication station for a baby with neonatal encephalopathy after an acute intrapartum event. Tests the obstetrician's contribution to the cooling decisi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — infection - [Suspected early-onset neonatal sepsis — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/early-onset-neonatal-sepsis) — Emergency management station for suspected EOS in a term infant with the full risk tier. Tests parallel resuscitation, the empirical antibiotic regimen with doses, the 48-hour stew (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — metabolic and transitional care - [Recurrent neonatal hypoglycaemia — escalation and investigation station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/neonatal-hypoglycaemia) — Escalation and investigation station: recurrent critical neonatal hypoglycaemia in an infant of a diabetic mother. Tests recognition of the dosing ceiling, intravenous and glucagon (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — outcomes of prematurity - [Periviability counselling — communication + emergency station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/outcomes-of-prematurity-the-obstetrician-must-know) — Communication and emergency station for periviability counselling at 23+4 weeks. Tests the survival number with its denominator, the four obstetric levers, the natural-frequency co (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — perinatal palliative care - [Breaking the news of an antenatal life-limiting diagnosis — communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/perinatal-palliative-care-and-neonatal-death) — Communication station for breaking the news of an antenatal life-limiting diagnosis. Tests the evidence-based bereavement script, the framing of options, the perinatal palliative c (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — resuscitation and transition - [Bradycardic newborn — emergency resuscitation station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/neonatal-resuscitation-at-birth) — Emergency-management station: a bradycardic newborn needing ventilation, then compressions and adrenaline. Tests the sequence, the escalation thresholds, the ventilation settings a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Perioperative care - [Enhanced recovery after gynaecological surgery — perioperative planning and rescue station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/enhanced-recovery-after-gynaecological-surgery) — FRANZCOG-style management station with assessor timeline, marking domains, key and fail criteria. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) - [Perioperative medication management — perioperative planning and rescue station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/perioperative-medication-management) — FRANZCOG-style management station with assessor timeline, marking domains, key and fail criteria covering warfarin/DOAC interruption, LMWH bridging, diabetes, stress-dose steroids, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-29) - [Perioperative VTE prophylaxis — perioperative planning and rescue station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/perioperative-vte-prophylaxis) — FRANZCOG-style management station with assessor timeline, marking domains, key and fail criteria. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) - [Prophylactic antibiotics in gynaecological surgery — perioperative planning and rescue station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/prophylactic-antibiotics-in-o-and-g-surgery) — FRANZCOG-style management station with assessor timeline, marking domains, key and fail criteria. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative care — positioning and nerve injuries - [Perioperative nerve injury — communication and disclosure station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/positioning-and-nerve-injuries) — Communication and disclosure station: a perioperative peripheral nerve injury detected in PACU. Tests clinical assessment, documentation, duty of candour, structured disclosure, an (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative care — post-operative complications - [Post-operative complications — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/post-operative-complications) — Team-based emergency station: day-5 anastomotic leak with sepsis after major gynaecologic oncology surgery. Tests parallel assessment, NEWS2 escalation, sepsis bundle, criteria for (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative — diagnostic and operative gynaecology - [Operative hysteroscopy with intravascular absorption syndrome — emergency recognition and management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/hysteroscopy) — Team-based emergency station: intravascular absorption syndrome (TURP-like syndrome) recognition and management, glycine hyponatraemia correction with hypertonic saline 3% and cont (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative — intraoperative and post-operative management - [Emergency management station — intraoperative gas embolism and bowel injury at laparoscopic entry](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/laparoscopic-entry-and-complications) — Team-based emergency station: gas embolism recognition and resuscitation, then intraoperative bowel injury management, then communication with the team and the patient. Tests paral (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Postpartum care — contraception and reproductive planning - [Postpartum contraception counselling — communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/postpartum-contraception) — Communication station testing postpartum contraceptive counselling in a young Aboriginal woman: opening with a reproductive-intention question, defending the implant against the la (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — haemorrhage - [Secondary PPH with a vascular lesion — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/secondary-postpartum-haemorrhage) — Emergency-management station: secondary PPH driven by a uterine artery pseudoaneurysm. Tests resuscitation, recognition of the vascular lesion, the refusal to curette, intervention (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — hypertensive disease - [Seizure on day 11 after birth — postpartum eclampsia emergency station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/postpartum-hypertension-and-preeclampsia) — Team-based emergency station: late postpartum eclampsia in a woman with no antenatal hypertension. Tests immediate seizure management, magnesium and blood pressure control with nam (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — infection and sepsis - [Puerperal sepsis with suspected group A Streptococcus — recognise-and-treat station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/puerperal-sepsis-and-endometritis) — Recognise-and-treat station: puerperal sepsis with pointers to invasive group A streptococcal disease. Tests the first-hour bundle with antibiotic names, the antitoxin role of clin (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — lactation - [A red breast that will not settle — lactational mastitis and abscess management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/lactation) — Team-based emergency and procedural station: bacterial mastitis failing first-line therapy with a developing abscess. Tests recognition of the mastitis spectrum, the antibiotic dos (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — perinatal mental health - [A positive screen and a frightened mother — perinatal mental health communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/postnatal-mental-health) — Communication station on postnatal depression with a positive self-harm item: sharing a screening result without stigma, completing a same-consultation risk assessment, agreeing a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — perineal health and wound care - [Perineal wound breakdown at day 5 — assessment and counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/perineal-wound-complications-and-breakdown) — Assessment and counselling station testing the day-5 postnatal perineal wound complication: telephone triage using the four NICE NG194 questions, the same-day disposition decision, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — recovery and perioperative care - [Post-caesarean sepsis on day 2 — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/recovery-after-operative-birth-and-enhanced-recovery) — Team-based emergency station: postoperative puerperal sepsis after caesarean. Tests the sepsis six bundle in the first hour, empirical antibiotic choices with doses, source control (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Pre-pregnancy and antenatal care — placental disorders - [Consent for caesarean hysterectomy in placenta accreta spectrum — communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/placenta-accreta-spectrum) — Simulated-patient communication station: counselling and consent for planned caesarean hysterectomy in placenta accreta spectrum. Tests shared decision-making, breaking difficult n (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Ruptured vasa praevia in birth suite — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/vasa-praevia) — Team-based emergency station: ruptured vasa praevia with fetal exsanguination. Tests immediate recognition of the fetal-bleeding-well-mother pattern, category-1 declaration without (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Professional practice - [Unexpected neonatal death — communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/breaking-bad-news-and-perinatal-loss-communication) — High-stakes perinatal-loss communication station testing team alignment, plain disclosure, response to emotion, memory-making, investigation and review, longitudinal follow-up and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — clinical governance, quality and patient safety - [Leading a morbidity and mortality review after a hypoxic event — governance and leadership station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/clinical-governance) — Governance and leadership station on chairing a morbidity and mortality review after an intrapartum hypoxic event. Exercises holding the system lens over the person lens, the Londo (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Professional practice — ethics, law and regulation - [Open disclosure after an intrapartum stillbirth — communication and medico-legal station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/medico-legal-frameworks) — High-stakes open-disclosure and medico-legal station testing team alignment, plain disclosure, response to emotion, audit and coronial pathway, AHPRA notification thresholds, exper (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — family and domestic violence, advocacy and safety - [Disclosure of family violence in pregnancy — communication and safety station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/family-and-domestic-violence) — Communication and safety station on a family and domestic violence disclosure in pregnancy. Exercises the WHO LIVES first-line response, lethality risk assessment with non-fatal st (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Professional practice — patient safety and systems - [Pathological CTG at 02:40 — escalation and CRM station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/human-factors-teamwork-and-leadership-on-labour-ward) — Communication and escalation station built around crew resource management on labour ward: situation awareness, graded assertion, closed-loop communication, SBAR/iSoBAR handover, a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Professional practice — professionalism, ethics and regulation - [Notification of a colleague's possible impairment — communication and ethics station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/professionalism) — FRANZCOG-format communication and ethics station: dealing with a possible impairment of a senior colleague, the mandatory-notification framework, indemnity, open disclosure, mentor (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Reproductive endocrinology & infertility - [Azoospermia — diagnostic and ART-pathway communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/assessment-and-management-of-male-infertility) — Communication and management station: communicating a diagnosis of non-obstructive azoospermia, the genetic cascade (karyotype showing 47,XXY), the micro-TESE pathway, and the real (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Bilateral tubal block with hydrosalpinx — pre-IVF management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/pelvic-factor-infertility-tubal-peritoneal) — Communication and management station: communicating the diagnosis of bilateral tubal block with hydrosalpinx, the evidence for salpingectomy before IVF, the trade-off (loss of the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Hydrosalpinx at laparoscopy — operative decision-making station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/tubal-factor-infertility-and-tubal-surgery) — Procedural decision-making station: intraoperative findings of a hydrosalpinx at laparoscopy before IVF. Tests the candidate's operative decision (salpingectomy versus proximal occ (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Newly diagnosed breast cancer — urgent fertility preservation counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/ivf-add-ons-and-fertility-preservation) — Communication station on urgent fertility preservation in a young woman with ER-positive breast cancer before adjuvant chemotherapy. Tests evidence-based counselling on random-star (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Recurrent implantation failure — shared decision-making and adjunct counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/recurrent-implantation-failure-and-art-adjuncts) — Communication and shared decision-making station in recurrent implantation failure: tests the ESHRE cumulative-chance definition, evidence-based counselling on PGT-A (STAR, ASRM 20 (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Severe Asherman after postpartum curettage — management and counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/intrauterine-adhesions-and-asherman-syndrome) — Management and communication station: severe Asherman after postpartum curettage. Tests the diagnostic pathway, severity grading, hysteroscopic adhesiolysis with a mandatory preven (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Severe male-factor infertility and genetic results — communication and planning station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/male-factor-infertility) — Communication and planning station: delivering severe male-factor and genetic results, counselling on non-obstructive azoospermia and the AZFc microdeletion, discussing micro-TESE, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Severe OHSS after egg collection — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/ivf-and-art-techniques) — Team-based emergency station: severe OHSS after IVF. Tests parallel resuscitation, recognition of the OHSS severity triad, fluid and thrombosis management, paracentesis decision, d (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [The incidental septate uterus in IVF — decision and counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/congenital-uterine-anomalies) — Communication and decision station: an incidental septate-uterus finding before IVF. Tests classification knowledge, the ESHRE/ESGE diagnostic tier, the septate-criteria discordanc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Reproductive endocrinology & infertility — fertility-treatment complications - [Severe OHSS after oocyte retrieval — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/ohss-and-fertility-treatment-complications) — Emergency management station: severe OHSS progressing towards critical. Tests severity grading with Golan-REI, the resuscitation bundle, the prophylaxis ladder, the differential of (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Reproductive endocrinology & infertility — third-party reproduction - [Counselling a couple pursuing surrogacy — communication station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/donor-conception-surrogacy-and-social-infertility-frameworks) — Communication and ethics station: counselling a gay couple on the ANZ altruistic-only surrogacy framework, the legal exposure of an overseas commercial arrangement, the post-birth (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Reproductive endocrinology and infertility - [Severe OHSS after a fresh embryo transfer — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/ovarian-hyperstimulation-syndrome) — Team-based emergency station: severe, late OHSS with haemoconcentration and oliguria. Tests recognition that the normal blood pressure hides intravascular depletion, the VEGF patho (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Sexual & reproductive health - [First-trimester abortion care — counselling and method-selection station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/abortion-care) — Communication-and-management station: first-trimester abortion care. Tests structured counselling, method selection with real numbers, screening for reproductive coercion, the MS-2 (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Post-abortion sepsis — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/abortion) — Emergency-management station: post-abortion sepsis with retained products. Tests recognition of the septic retained-tissue syndrome, parallel resuscitation and source control, uter (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Sexual and reproductive health - [Sexual dysfunction and dyspareunia — communication and assessment station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/sexual-dysfunction-and-dyspareunia) — Sexual dysfunction and dyspareunia — communication and assessment station (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Urogynaecology — fistula - [Post-radiation vesicovaginal fistula — multidisciplinary management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/vesicovaginal-and-other-urinary-fistulae) — Outpatient multidisciplinary station on post-radiation vesicovaginal fistula: candidate recognises irradiated tissue, defends the use of vascularised tissue interposition (gracilis (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — infection - [Recurrent UTI in a post-menopausal woman — management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/recurrent-urinary-tract-infection) — Outpatient management station on recurrent UTI in a post-menopausal woman: tests the candidate's ability to identify oestrogen deficiency as a modifiable risk factor, choose vagina (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — lower urinary tract dysfunction - [Acute urinary retention after pelvic-floor repair — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/voiding-dysfunction-and-urinary-retention) — Emergency-management station on acute urinary retention following pelvic-floor repair with a transobturator sling: candidate decompresses the bladder, applies the four-bucket frame (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — pelvic floor disorders - [Post-operative complications after prolapse surgery — resuscitation and counselling station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/prolapse-surgical-management) — Resuscitation and complication-management station: post-operative ureteric injury/obstruction and voiding dysfunction after uterosacral suspension. Tests recognition of the procedu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC; updated=2026-08-01) ### gynae-surgery - [Fluid overload and hyponatraemia at operative hysteroscopy — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/operative-hysteroscopy) — Team-based emergency station: operative hysteroscopy intravascular absorption syndrome (OHIA) with hyponatraemia and cerebral oedema during a prolonged glycine resection. Tests rec (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Major vessel injury at laparoscopic entry — emergency management station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/cases/operative-laparoscopy) — Team-based emergency station: major retroperitoneal vessel injury at laparoscopic entry in a thin, previously-operated patient. Tests parallel resuscitation, the damage-control ver (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ## Vivas (197) ### Antenatal care — endocrine disorders - [Thyroid disease in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/thyroid-disease-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on thyroid disease in pregnancy: candidate manages a hypothyroid patient on levothyroxine, defends the dose-increase rule and trimester-specific TSH ta (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal anomaly screening - [Fetal structural anomalies — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/fetal-structural-anomalies) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on the anatomy scan and soft markers: candidate interprets an echogenic focus and hyperechogenic bowel against prior screening, plans the work-up (micr (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal growth and mode of birth - [Suspected fetal macrosomia — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/suspected-fetal-macrosomia) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on suspected macrosomia: candidate counsels on the limitations of EFW, the shoulder dystocia risk, the induction evidence (Boulvain, Gardosi Big Baby, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — fetal growth and surveillance - [Fetal growth restriction — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/fetal-growth-restriction-and-small-for-gestational-age) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on late fetal growth restriction: applying the Gordijn Delphi criteria for late FGR, interpreting the cerebroplacental ratio, defending the delivery ti (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal loss and bereavement - [Late intrauterine fetal death — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/late-intrauterine-fetal-death) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on late IUFD: candidate manages from the moment of diagnosis, defends the investigation bundle, the GTG 55 induction regimen with mifepristone plus ges (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — fetal medicine - [Amniotic fluid disorders — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/amniotic-fluid-disorders) — FRANZCOG oral-format station covering both polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios: thresholds, single deepest pocket versus AFI, the structured differentials, SMFM 46 management, the P (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Fetal anaemia and hydrops fetalis — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/fetal-anaemia-and-hydrops-fetalis) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on non-immune hydrops: candidate confirms the diagnosis, splits the differential by the antibody screen, lays out the SMFM 7 workup and MCA-PSV surveil (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal medicine and alloimmune disease - [Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/fetal-and-neonatal-alloimmune-thrombocytopenia) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a subsequent pregnancy after a previous child with anti-HPA-1a FNAIT: the diagnosis and pathophysiology, the standard-risk antenatal IVIG regimen, t (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — fetal medicine and immunohaematology - [Rh(D) alloimmunisation and anti-D prophylaxis — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/rh-alloimmunisation-and-anti-d-prophylaxis) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on the already-sensitised RhD-negative woman: candidate distinguishes sensitisation from prevention, lays out serial MCA-PSV surveillance with the 1.5 (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal presentation and mode of birth - [Breech at term and external cephalic version — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/breech-presentation-at-term-and-external-cephalic-version) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on breech at term: candidate offers ECV, defends the timing, success and complications, and counsels planned CS versus planned vaginal quoting the Term (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — fetal surveillance - [Antenatal fetal surveillance — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/antenatal-fetal-surveillance-ctg-biophysical-profile-umbilical-artery-doppler) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on antenatal fetal surveillance: matching the modality to the fetus (modified BPP for diabetes), describing the components and interpretation, contrast (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Fetal Dopplers in early-onset FGR — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/fetal-dopplers) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on early-onset FGR with severe umbilical artery Doppler abnormality and evolving pre-eclampsia: candidate sequences the four Doppler vessels, applies t (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — haematological disorders - [Haemoglobinopathies in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/haemoglobinopathies-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on thalassaemia trait discovered at booking: candidate distinguishes iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait, plans partner screening, addresses the re (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — maternal age and ART - [Advanced maternal age and ART singleton — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/advanced-maternal-age-and-art-conceived-pregnancies) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on the advanced-maternal-age ART-conceived singleton: candidate distinguishes age, subfertility and ART risk contributions; defends risk-tailored surve (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — maternal immunisation - [Vaccination in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/pregnancy-vaccination) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on vaccination in pregnancy: candidate states the four recommended vaccines and their timing, the contraindicated live vaccines, counsels a vaccine-hes (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — maternal malignancy - [Malignancy in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/malignancy-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on breast cancer diagnosed in pregnancy: candidate manages from the diagnostic conversation, defends the imaging ladder with the SMFM GRADE framework, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — maternal medical conditions - [Obesity in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/obesity-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on class III obesity in pregnancy: the three-threshold rule (30 screens, 35 refers, 40 convenes), vitamin D and aspirin doses, weight-based enoxaparin (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — maternal medicine - [Gestational diabetes — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/gestational-diabetes) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on gestational diabetes: interpreting the ADIPS 2025 pregnancy OGTT, building a management plan with explicit targets and doses, defending the diagnost (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/hypertensive-disorders-of-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on chronic hypertension in pregnancy: preconception and first-trimester planning, switching a fetotoxic antihypertensive, the CHAP and CHIPS targets de (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Preeclampsia diagnosis and management — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/preeclampsia-diagnosis-and-management) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on preterm preeclampsia at 30 weeks: the inpatient surveillance plan, magnesium indications, angiogenic biomarkers interpreted correctly with Zeisler a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Pregestational diabetes — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/pregestational-diabetes-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on pregestational type 2 diabetes in a rural Aboriginal woman: first-visit medication and supplement changes, complication and fetal surveillance, metf (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — medical disorders in pregnancy - [Cardiac disease in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/cardiac-disease-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a decompensating mechanical valve in late pregnancy: recognition of pulmonary oedema and atrial fibrillation, the multidisciplinary response, the an (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/venous-thromboembolism-in-pregnancy-and-puerperium) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on suspected pulmonary embolism in late pregnancy: the imaging choice defended, the therapeutic LMWH dose, the anticoagulation transition, and the peri (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — medical disorders of pregnancy - [AFLP at 34 weeks — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/acute-fatty-liver-pregnancy-other-liver-disorders) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on AFLP at 34 weeks: candidate applies the Swansea criteria, defends delivery as the treatment, names the supportive bundle with doses, and explains th (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Severe asthma at 30 weeks — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/asthma-and-respiratory-disease-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on acute severe asthma in pregnancy with the underlying cause of ICS cessation. The candidate runs the acute exacerbation bundle, restarts the BTS/NICE (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/sle-and-antiphospholipid-syndrome-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on SLE with lupus nephritis and probable APS planning pregnancy: pre-conception optimisation, the hydroxychloroquine case, the LMWH ladder, neonatal lu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — multiple pregnancy - [Monochorionic twin pregnancy with suspected TTTS — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/monochorionic-twin-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on suspected stage II twin-twin transfusion syndrome: Quintero staging, urgent referral for fetoscopic laser, the Senat and Solomon trial evidence, pos (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Multiple pregnancy — chorionicity and surveillance — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/multiple-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a new diagnosis of twin pregnancy: candidate determines chorionicity, sequences the surveillance, names the complications being screened, and counse (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — neurological disorders - [Epilepsy in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/epilepsy-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on epilepsy in pregnancy: candidate counsels a woman of childbearing potential on valproate, defends the switch to lamotrigine or levetiracetam, addres (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — obstetric emergencies - [Eclampsia and HELLP syndrome — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/eclampsia-and-hellp-syndrome) — FRANZCOG oral-format emergency station on eclampsia: the doorway bundle in order, the Zuspan magnesium regimen with monitoring, the recurrent-seizure bolus, the toxicity ladder and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Trauma in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/trauma-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on trauma in pregnancy: modified primary survey with left lateral tilt, masked shock, fetal assessment sequence, perimortem caesarean reasoning, and IP (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — obstetric haemorrhage - [Antepartum haemorrhage — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/antepartum-haemorrhage) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on undifferentiated antepartum haemorrhage with a suspected abruption: doorway management, the discriminating differential, the CTG and coagulation int (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Placental abruption with intrauterine fetal death — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/placental-abruption) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on severe placental abruption with intrauterine fetal death: parallel resuscitation, obstetric disseminated intravascular coagulation with named target (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — perinatal infections - [CMV primary infection in the first trimester — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/perinatal-infections-ii) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a first-trimester primary CMV infection: the primary-versus-recurrent distinction, the transmission-by-trimester evidence, the valaciclovir treatmen (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Group B streptococcus in labour — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/perinatal-infections-i-group-b-streptococcus) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on group B streptococcus in labour: the IAP indication and regimen, the timing rule, the labour management, and the neonatal communication. Scored agai (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [HIV in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/perinatal-infections-iii) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a newly diagnosed HIV in pregnancy: the immediate combined prevention strategy, the viral-load-driven mode of delivery, the neonatal prophylaxis, th (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Syphilis in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/perinatal-infections-iv) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a new diagnosis of syphilis in pregnancy with a reported penicillin allergy: the staging cascade, the benzathine penicillin G regimen, the desensiti (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — perinatal mental health - [Perinatal mental health — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/perinatal-mental-health) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on antenatal depression with a positive EPDS item 10: candidate assesses risk, places the woman in stepped care, defends the SSRI decision with evidenc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — perinatal mortality - [Stillbirth prevention — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/stillbirth-prevention) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on stillbirth prevention: candidate counsels a woman on the Safer Baby Bundle elements, defends the sleep-position and fetal-movement evidence, address (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — preconception - [Pre-pregnancy counselling — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/pre-pregnancy-counselling-and-optimisation) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on pre-pregnancy optimisation of a woman with epilepsy on valproate: candidate builds the plan, defends the valproate transition with evidence, and dem (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — pregnancy after bariatric surgery - [Pregnancy after bariatric surgery — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/pregnancy-after-bariatric-surgery) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on pregnancy after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: candidate builds the booking plan, defends OGTT avoidance and the supplementation regimen with doses, and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — routine and preventive care - [Routine antenatal care and risk assessment — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/routine-antenatal-care-and-risk-assessment) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on routine antenatal care and risk assessment: the NICE NG201 schedule, the preventive package with doses, the risk-assessment framework and its escala (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — routine care and lifestyle - [Nutrition, supplementation and exercise — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/nutrition-supplementation-and-exercise-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on routine antenatal nutrition, supplementation and exercise: folate and iodine for all, targeted iron and vitamin D and B12 for the vegan, the IOM wei (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Antenatal care — screening and prenatal diagnosis - [Prenatal screening for chromosomal conditions — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/prenatal-screening-for-chromosomal-conditions) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on prenatal screening for chromosomal conditions: interpreting a screen-positive combined result, comparing combined screening with cfDNA performance, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — substance use and addiction - [Substance use in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/substance-use-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on substance use in pregnancy: trauma-informed universal screening, alcohol and FASD, opioid agonist therapy with doses, neonatal abstinence syndrome p (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Antenatal care — timing of birth - [Post-term pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/post-term-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on post-term pregnancy: candidate quantifies the stillbirth risk by gestation, defends the induction evidence (Cochrane and ARRIVE with its critique), (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Critical care in obstetrics and gynaecology - [Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/diabetic-ketoacidosis-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format emergency station on diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy: parallel maternal and fetal assessment, the 2024 consensus diagnostic triad, fluid, insulin, potassium (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Massive obstetric haemorrhage and transfusion — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/massive-obstetric-haemorrhage) — FRANZCOG oral-format data station on massive obstetric haemorrhage: interpret a combined laboratory and viscoelastic dataset, prescribe goal-directed replacement with targets, defe (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — escalation and safety-net - [Obstetric early warning scores and escalation — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/obstetric-early-warning-scores-and-escalation) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a triggered obstetric early warning score: candidate manages from the bedside, defends the design and validation of obstetric EWS (Singh, Shields, H (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — maternal physiology - [Physiological changes of pregnancy for critical care — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/physiological-changes-of-pregnancy-for-critical-care) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on the physiological adaptations of pregnancy relevant to a critically ill patient. Candidate defends ABG and vital-sign interpretation against pregnan (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — maternal resuscitation - [Maternal collapse and resuscitation in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/maternal-collapse-and-resuscitation-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on maternal collapse: taking the room, the pregnancy-adapted four H and four T framework, physiologically justified CPR modifications, antidote doses, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Perimortem caesarean birth — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/perimortem-caesarean-birth) — FRANZCOG oral-format procedural station on perimortem caesarean birth: the indication and timing decision, the four physiological mechanisms, a stepwise operative account outside t (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Critical care — renal - [Acute kidney injury in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/acute-kidney-injury-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on pregnancy-related AKI after PPH with sepsis. Candidate defends KDIGO against the pregnant baseline, generates the differential, manages the immediat (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care - [Adnexal mass in early pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/adnexal-masses-in-early-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on an adnexal mass in early pregnancy: IOTA characterisation, the tumour marker pitfall, the decidualised endometrioma as the great mimic, torsion reco (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Confirmed tubal ectopic — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/ectopic-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a confirmed unruptured tubal ectopic: candidate states the diagnostic certainty, defends methotrexate selection against the predictors of failure, r (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Hyperemesis gravidarum — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/nausea-vomiting-and-hyperemesis-gravidarum) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on hyperemesis gravidarum: PUQE-24 scoring, fluid and antiemetic prescribing with the thiamine-before-glucose rule, the retirement of ketonuria, recogn (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Interpreting the early pregnancy scan and the hCG pair — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/early-pregnancy-ultrasound-and-hcg-dynamics) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on early pregnancy ultrasound and hCG interpretation after assisted reproduction: candidate classifies the scan, applies the correct rescan interval, r (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Pregnancy after loss — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/early-pregnancy-support-and-pregnancy-after-loss-care) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on pregnancy after loss: the early reassurance scan, mental health screening with the PASS and EPDS, the anniversary phenomenon, the honest framing of (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Pregnancy of unknown location — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/early-pregnancy-pain-and-bleeding) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a high-risk pregnancy of unknown location: candidate classifies the scan, defends the hCG protocol, refuses the discriminatory-zone trap, escalates (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care — gestational trophoblastic disease - [Gestational trophoblastic disease — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/gestational-trophoblastic-disease) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on complete hydatidiform mole: explaining the diagnosis and prognosis with rapport, suction evacuation and its cautions, hCG surveillance with contrace (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care — pregnancy loss - [Miscarriage — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/miscarriage) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on missed miscarriage: breaking the news, confirming the diagnosis against the ultrasound thresholds, offering and prescribing all three management pat (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Early pregnancy care — recurrent loss - [Recurrent pregnancy loss — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/recurrent-pregnancy-loss) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on recurrent pregnancy loss: focused history taking, the four-test panel and the deliberate refusals, antiphospholipid syndrome criteria and treatment, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Gynae-oncology — hereditary cancer - [Hereditary gynaecological cancer syndromes — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/hereditary-gynae-cancer-syndromes) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a confirmed BRCA1 carrier: the candidate defends the ovarian risk figures from source, the timing and technique of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorecto (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynae-oncology — systemic therapy - [Systemic therapy for gynaecological cancer — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/systemic-therapy-for-the-generalist) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on systemic therapy: the candidate defends the carboplatin-paclitaxel regimen and GOG-158, the Calvert AUC formula, BRCA-selected PARP inhibitor mainte (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynae-surgery — cervical insufficiency and preterm birth prevention - [Cervical cerclage — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/abdominal-and-transvaginal-cervical-cerclage) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on cervical cerclage: candidate phenotypes the responder, defends the ultrasound-indicated cerclage with the Berghella meta-analysis, distinguishes McD (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynae-surgery — early pregnancy and abortion care - [Surgical management of miscarriage — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/surgical-management-of-miscarriage-and-abortion) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on miscarriage management: candidate applies the diagnostic cut-offs, weighs expectant/medical/surgical options, defends suction evacuation with the AI (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynae-surgery — hysterectomy - [Hysterectomy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/hysterectomy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on hysterectomy: candidate defends route selection with the Cochrane evidence base, describes the steps of total laparoscopic hysterectomy in order, ma (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Gynae-surgery — surgical anatomy and dissection - [Surgical anatomy of the female pelvis — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/surgical-anatomy-of-the-female-pelvis) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on surgical anatomy of the female pelvis: candidate names the five retroperitoneal avascular spaces, traces the ureter along its three named relations, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Gynaecological health — androgen excess - [Hirsutism and virilisation — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/hirsutism-and-virilisation) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on hirsutism and virilisation: the candidate scores the mFG, justifies the androgen panel with the LC-MS/MS requirement, walks the Endocrine Society 20 (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — benign gynaecology - [Fibroid surgery and morcellation — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/uterine-fibroids-surgical-management) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on fibroid surgery: candidate justifies the FIGO-type-to-route mapping, defends a contained-morcellation plan under RANZCOG C-Gyn 33, and counsels on U (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Ovarian torsion and cyst accidents — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/ovarian-torsion-and-cyst-accidents) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on ovarian torsion and cyst accidents: candidate describes the clinical presentation and the whirlpool sign, defends time-critical laparoscopy on suspi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Uterine fibroids — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/uterine-fibroids) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on uterine fibroids: candidate applies the FIGO subclassification, runs the structured workup, builds a goal-directed medical-management ladder, and na (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — chronic pain - [Chronic pelvic pain — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/chronic-pelvic-pain) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on chronic pelvic pain: the candidate applies the multifactorial biopsychosocial model, runs the structured assessment, decides on imaging and laparosc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis - [Endometriosis — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/endometriosis) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on endometriosis: the candidate recognises the symptom profile, applies the imaging-first paradigm shift, walks the medical management ladder with the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Endometriosis surgical management — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/endometriosis-surgical-management) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on the surgical management of endometriosis: the candidate maps DIE with the ENZIAN classification, plans an MDT, argues excision over ablation for DIE (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — chronic vulvar pain - [Provoked vestibulodynia in a 25-year-old — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/vulvodynia-and-genital-pain-syndromes) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on provoked vestibulodynia: the candidate applies the 2015 ISSVD consensus definition and multidimensional classification, runs the cotton-swab test, d (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — menstrual disorders - [Abnormal uterine bleeding — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/abnormal-uterine-bleeding) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on AUB: candidate applies FIGO System 1 and System 2 (PALM-COEIN), runs the structured workup, decides on imaging and biopsy, and handles the coexisten (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Adenomyosis — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/adenomyosis) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on adenomyosis: candidate defines the condition and places it in FIGO PALM-COEIN, lists the MUSA TVS features and the MRI junctional-zone threshold, ru (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Dysmenorrhoea and PMDD — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/dysmenorrhoea-and-pms-pmdd) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on dysmenorrhoea and PMDD: the candidate classifies primary vs secondary dysmenorrhoea, names the prostaglandin pathway, defends the stepped management (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Endometrial polyps — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/endometrial-polyps) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on endometrial polyps: candidate applies the PPP framework, justifies the imaging ladder with the comparative accuracy data, defends the threshold for (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Heavy menstrual bleeding — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/heavy-menstrual-bleeding) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on HMB: candidate applies the modern definition, runs the NICE NG88 structured assessment, decides on investigation versus empirical treatment, defends (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Postcoital bleeding — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/intermenstrual-and-postcoital-bleeding) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on postcoital bleeding: candidate runs the structured assessment (pregnancy test, speculum, chlamydia NAAT, cervical screen), decides on colposcopy ref (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Postmenopausal bleeding — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/postmenopausal-bleeding-pathway) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on postmenopausal bleeding: candidate states the 9% pooled cancer risk, defends the transvaginal-ultrasound endometrial-thickness threshold with the Ka (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — menstrual disorders and androgen excess - [Polycystic ovary syndrome — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/pcos) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on PCOS: the candidate confirms Rotterdam criteria verbatim, phenotypes the patient, walks the life-stage management ladder, addresses the cardiometabo (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Polycystic ovary syndrome — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/polycystic-ovary-syndrome) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on polycystic ovary syndrome: candidate applies the Rotterdam criteria with exclusion of mimics, places letrozole first-line for fertility with the PPC (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological health — menstrual physiology - [The normal menstrual cycle & HPO axis — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/the-normal-menstrual-cycle-and-hpo-axis) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on the HPO axis: candidate explains the two-cell two-gonadotrophin theory, localises functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea by gonadotrophin profile, choo (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — paediatric and adolescent - [Paediatric and adolescent gynaecology — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/paediatric-and-adolescent-gynaecology) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on paediatric and adolescent gynaecology: candidate stages puberty verbatim using Marshall and Tanner 1969, defends the central precocious puberty work (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — paediatric, adolescent and congenital - [Turner syndrome and DSD — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/turner-syndrome-and-differences-of-sex-development-generalist-level) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on Turner syndrome and DSD: the candidate diagnoses Turner syndrome on the phenotype, justifies the 30-cell karyotype and cardiac MRI, defends the GH-b (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — sexual, cultural and safeguarding - [Female genital mutilation — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/female-genital-mutilation) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on female genital mutilation: candidate reproduces the WHO classification, defends the deinfibulation and intrapartum plan for Type III, addresses the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — sexually transmitted infections - [STI screening and management — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/sti-screening-and-management-for-the-gynaecologist) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on STI screening and management: candidate runs the structured panel, prescribes the verbatim first-line chlamydia dose with the pregnancy switch, inte (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — upper genital tract infection - [PID and tubo-ovarian abscess — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/pelvic-inflammatory-disease-and-tubo-ovarian-abscess) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on PID and TOA: the candidate justifies empirical treatment on minimum criteria, defends the CDC 2021 triple regimen, applies the admission criteria, a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — vaginal infections - [Vaginal discharge — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/vaginal-discharge-bv-candidiasis-aerobic-vaginitis) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on vaginal discharge: the candidate discriminates BV, candidiasis and aerobic vaginitis using pH, whiff test and wet mount, defends the CDC regimens, a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological health — vulval disorders - [Vulval dermatoses — lichen sclerosus with a focal ulcer — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/vulval-dermatoses) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on vulval lichen sclerosus with a focal ulcer: the candidate defends the figure-of-eight diagnosis, the diagnostic biopsy rule, the clobetasol regimen, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) - [Vulval lichen sclerosus with a focal ulcer — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/vulval-dermatoses-lichen-sclerosus-lichen-planus) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on vulval lichen sclerosus with a focal ulcer: the candidate defends the figure-of-eight diagnosis, the diagnostic biopsy rule, the clobetasol regimen, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology - [Endometrial hyperplasia and atypia — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/endometrial-hyperplasia-and-atypia) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on endometrial hyperplasia and atypia: candidate applies the WHO 2014 classification, justifies the surgical-default management of AH, defends the fert (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) - [Epithelial ovarian cancer — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/epithelial-ovarian-cancer) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on epithelial ovarian cancer: candidate reproduces the FIGO 2021 staging, justifies primary debulking vs NACT (EORTC, CHORUS), and defends the PARP-inh (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — cancer in pregnancy - [Gynaecological cancer in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/gynae-cancer-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on gynaecological cancer in pregnancy: the imaging approach (non-contrast MRI first-line, do not withhold CT or PET, no abdominal shielding), the three (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Gynaecological cancer in pregnancy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/gynaecological-cancer-in-pregnancy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on gynaecological cancer in pregnancy: the candidate states the multidisciplinary standard-treatment principle and three decision variables, applies AL (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological oncology — cervical - [Cervical cancer — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/cervical-cancer) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on cervical cancer: the candidate assigns the FIGO 2018 stage with the IB subgroups and IIIC nodal substages, defends the chemoradiotherapy regimen wit (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — gestational trophoblastic disease - [Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/gestational-trophoblastic-neoplasia) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: candidate makes the biochemical diagnosis, stages and scores with the FIGO 2000 system, defends sing (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/gtn-persistent-disease) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on post-molar GTN: candidate confirms the FIGO hCG-plateau diagnosis, excludes phantom hCG, reproduces the FIGO 2000 staging and WHO score verbatim, de (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — non-epithelial ovarian tumours - [Malignant ovarian germ cell tumour in a young woman — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/borderline-germ-cell-sex-cord-stromal-ovarian-tumours) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a malignant ovarian germ cell tumour: the candidate defends the yolk sac diagnosis with AFP, fertility-sparing staging surgery, the BEP regimen with (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — premalignant cervical disease - [Colposcopy and treatment of CIN/CGIN — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/colposcopy-and-treatment-of-cin-cgin) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a high-grade squamous lesion at colposcopy: candidate performs the structured assessment, defends the ablation-vs-excision decision, counsels on the (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological oncology — screening and prevention - [Cervical screening and HPV — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/cervical-screening-and-hpv) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on cervical screening: the candidate explains the NCSP eligibility and self-collection policy, navigates the reflex cytology triage pathway, defends th (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — survivorship - [Survivorship, MDT working and the generalist's role — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/survivorship-mdt-working-and-the-generalist-s-role) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on gynaecological cancer survivorship written for the generalist: the symptom-driven surveillance principle, the recurrence-versus-late-effect differen (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) ### Gynaecological oncology — survivorship and MDT working - [Survivorship and MDT working — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/survivorship-and-mdt-working) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on gynaecological cancer survivorship: the candidate delivers the survivorship care plan, the sexual-function restorative ladder with dilator adherence (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological oncology — uterine corpus - [Endometrial cancer — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/endometrial-cancer) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on endometrial cancer: the candidate defends the postmenopausal bleeding pathway, the surgical cornerstone plus FIRES sentinel node biopsy, the FIGO 20 (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — vagina - [Vaginal cancer and VaIN — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/vaginal-cancer-and-vain) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on primary vaginal cancer: candidate applies the FIGO primary-vaginal definition, reproduces the staging verbatim, defends the radiotherapy-dominant ma (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological oncology — vulvar cancer and VIN - [Vulvar cancer on lichen sclerosus with a focal ulcer — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/vulvar-cancer-and-vin) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on vulvar squamous cell carcinoma arising on lichen sclerosus: the candidate defends the FIGO 2021 staging (Stage IB) and depth-of-invasion definition, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-27) ### Gynaecological surgery — intraoperative complications and lower urinary tract injury - [Ureteric injury at laparoscopic hysterectomy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/recognition-intraoperative-management-ureteric-bladder-injury) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on an intraoperatively recognised left ureteric injury at laparoscopic hysterectomy: candidate confirms and characterises the injury, defends the point (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Gynaecological surgery — uterus-sparing procedures - [Myomectomy — 12-minute structured oral station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/myomectomy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on myomectomy: structured consent, the FIGO type-to-route decision rule, the morcellation discussion (RANZCOG C-Gyn 33, FDA 2014, occult sarcoma risk p (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Intrapartum care — analgesia and anaesthesia - [Obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/obstetric-analgesia-and-anaesthesia) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia: candidate counsels on epidural evidence (Cochrane, COMET, RESPITE), describes spinal technique with phenylephri (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — birth injury and repair - [Perineal trauma and OASIS — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/perineal-trauma) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on obstetric anal sphincter injury follow-up: explaining a 3c tear and its consequences in plain language, interpreting perineal clinic investigations, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — fetal surveillance - [Fetal blood sampling and scalp lactate — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/fetal-blood-sampling-and-scalp-lactate) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on intrapartum fetal blood sampling: justifying the test against alternatives, reciting contraindications, describing technique, interpreting pH and la (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Fetal surveillance modalities in labour — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/fetal-surveillance-modalities-in-labour) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on choosing and troubleshooting fetal surveillance modalities: the criteria for intermittent auscultation, structured technique and intervals, conversi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Intrapartum CTG interpretation — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/intrapartum-ctg-interpretation) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on intrapartum fetal surveillance: systematic CTG description, the RANZCOG feature framework, defeating maternal heart rate confusion, intrauterine res (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — induction of labour - [Induction of labour — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/induction-of-labour) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on induction of labour: reproducing and applying the Bishop score, defending method choice, respecting the prostaglandin-to-oxytocin interval, prescrib (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — labour and birth - [Term prelabour rupture of membranes — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/term-prelabour-rupture-of-membranes) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on term PROM with unknown group B streptococcus status and a woman who wants to go home: sterile speculum discipline, the TERMPROM and Cochrane numbers (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — labour dystocia and augmentation - [Slow progress in labour — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/slow-progress-in-labour-and-augmentation) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on slow progress in a multiparous woman: applying the RANZCOG C-Obs 31 definition, treating multiparous dystocia as a red flag, running power-passenger (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — malpresentation and operative birth - [Vaginal breech birth — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/vaginal-breech-birth) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on breech first diagnosed in labour: point-of-care ultrasound and rapid selection against RANZCOG C-Obs 11, compressed shared decision-making, the hand (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — medical comorbidity - [Intrapartum care with existing medical conditions — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/intrapartum-care-with-existing-medical-conditions) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on intrapartum care with existing medical conditions: candidate defends the cardiac intrapartum plan (mWHO III, assisted second stage, no ergometrine), (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — multiple pregnancy - [Twin birth — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/twin-birth) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on twin birth: preparing the room, timing and mode by chorionicity and presentation, conduct of the interval after twin 1, internal podalic version and (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — obstetric emergencies - [Amniotic fluid embolism — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/amniotic-fluid-embolism) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on amniotic fluid embolism: doorway management, the discriminating differential, right-ventricular-protective resuscitation, product-targeted correctio (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Primary postpartum haemorrhage — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/primary-postpartum-haemorrhage) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on atonic PPH: candidate manages from the doorway, defends the uterotonic ladder with doses and contraindications, escalates to tamponade and theatre, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-25) - [Shoulder dystocia — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/shoulder-dystocia) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on shoulder dystocia: candidate manages from the doorway, demonstrates the manoeuvre ladder with technique, defends the head-to-body interval evidence, (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Umbilical cord prolapse — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/umbilical-cord-prolapse) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on umbilical cord prolapse in a preterm breech pregnancy: candidate manages from the doorway, defends the elevation and positioning evidence, describes (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Uterine rupture and scar dehiscence — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/uterine-rupture-and-scar-dehiscence) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on uterine rupture during a trial of labour after caesarean: candidate manages from the doorway, defends the fetal heart rate evidence, states the repa (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — operative birth - [Caesarean birth — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/caesarean-birth) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on caesarean birth: consent for a planned caesarean including future-pregnancy risk, urgency classification and decision-to-delivery timing, step-by-st (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Caesarean birth on maternal request — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/caesarean-birth-on-maternal-request) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on caesarean birth on maternal request: candidate runs the consultation from the opening question, screens for tokophobia and trauma, quotes benefits a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Caesarean urgency and timing — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/caesarean-urgency-categorisation-and-timing-at-term) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on caesarean urgency and timing: assign and defend a category, run a category 1 escalation, explain what the decision-to-delivery interval audit does a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Instrumental vaginal birth — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/instrumental-vaginal-birth) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on assisted vaginal birth: the candidate runs the prerequisites checklist aloud, defends instrument choice with Cochrane numbers, states the abandonmen (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — physiological birth - [Normal labour and birth — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/normal-labour-and-birth) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on normal labour: defining the phases with RANZCOG C-Obs 31 numbers, running a structured reassessment of slow progress, defending non-intervention in (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — place of birth and care model - [Models of intrapartum care — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/models-of-intrapartum-care) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on models of intrapartum care: candidate counsels a nulliparous woman on planned home birth with the parity-specific Birthplace numbers, explains water (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — preterm birth - [Preterm labour and birth — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/preterm-labour-and-birth) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on threatened preterm labour at 26+2 weeks in a non-tertiary unit: the bundle with doses, the tocolysis decision and its contraindications, magnesium n (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/preterm-prelabour-rupture-of-membranes) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on PPROM at 26 weeks: sterile speculum diagnosis and the digital examination trap, the erythromycin prescription and the co-amoxiclav prohibition, cort (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Intrapartum care — third stage of labour - [Retained placenta and manual removal — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/retained-placenta-and-manual-removal) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on retained placenta with bleeding: candidate manages from the doorway, defends theatre over medical shortcuts using the Release and GOT-IT trials, des (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — assessment and transition - [Neonatal assessment and transitional care — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/neonatal-assessment-and-transitional-care) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a baby with a low Apgar and acidaemic cord gas: candidate defends what the Apgar and cord gas each carry, describes transition and escalation, and c (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — bilirubin metabolism - [Neonatal jaundice — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/neonatal-jaundice) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on haemolytic neonatal jaundice: candidate defends the nomogram-based threshold framework, escalates from intensive phototherapy to IVIG to exchange tr (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — birth trauma - [Birth injuries — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/birth-injuries) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on subgaleal haemorrhage after a difficult vacuum: candidate manages from the bedside, defends the C-Obs 28 tiered surveillance protocol, escalates to (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy - [Neonatal encephalopathy and HIE — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/neonatal-encephalopathy-hie-and-therapeutic-hypothermia) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on neonatal encephalopathy and HIE: candidate contributes to the cooling decision, reproduces the three gates, defends the differential, documents in t (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — infection - [Early-onset neonatal sepsis — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/early-onset-neonatal-sepsis) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on suspected EOS: candidate manages from the bedside, defends the empirical regimen with doses, applies the 48-hour stop rule, and communicates with th (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — metabolic and transitional care - [Neonatal hypoglycaemia — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/neonatal-hypoglycaemia) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on an at-risk hypoglycaemic newborn: candidate applies the operational threshold, prescribes buccal dextrose gel 200 mg/kg with the evidence, escalates (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — outcomes of prematurity - [Prematurity outcomes — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/outcomes-of-prematurity-the-obstetrician-must-know) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on periviability counselling: candidate quotes the ANZNN 2023 number with its denominator, names the four levers, runs the counselling script, and defe (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — perinatal palliative care - [Perinatal palliative care — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/perinatal-palliative-care-and-neonatal-death) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on perinatal palliative care after an antenatal diagnosis of a life-limiting condition. Tests the communication script, the birth plan with the monitor (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Neonatal care — resuscitation and transition - [Neonatal resuscitation at birth — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/neonatal-resuscitation-at-birth) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on a depressed newborn: candidate leads resuscitation, defends ventilation settings and the compression threshold, escalates to compressions and adrena (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Perioperative care - [Enhanced recovery after gynaecological surgery — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/enhanced-recovery-after-gynaecological-surgery) — FRANZCOG oral station covering the eight published oral domains. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) - [Perioperative VTE prophylaxis — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/perioperative-vte-prophylaxis) — FRANZCOG oral station covering the eight published oral domains. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) - [Prophylactic antibiotics in gynaecological surgery — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/prophylactic-antibiotics-in-o-and-g-surgery) — FRANZCOG oral station covering the eight published oral domains. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative care — post-operative complications - [Post-operative complications — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/post-operative-complications) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on post-operative complications: 12-minute structured oral on a day-5 anastomotic leak after major gynaecologic oncology surgery. Tests parallel assess (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative — intraoperative and post-operative management - [Laparoscopic entry and complications — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/laparoscopic-entry-and-complications) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on laparoscopic entry: candidate chooses entry technique in the obese patient with prior midline laparotomy, defends the choice, recognises preperitone (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Perioperative — pre-operative optimisation - [Perioperative medication management — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/perioperative-medication-management) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on perioperative medication management: candidate constructs a pre-operative withhold and resumption plan, defends each decision, responds to probes on (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Postpartum care — contraception and reproductive planning - [Postpartum contraception — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/postpartum-contraception) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on postpartum contraception: candidate opens with a reproductive-intention question, defends the WHO-MEC categories by feeding status, weighs immediate (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — haemorrhage - [Secondary postpartum haemorrhage — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/secondary-postpartum-haemorrhage) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on secondary PPH: retained products and endometritis coexisting, the honest limits of ultrasound, antibiotics and evacuation, and the pseudoaneurysm an (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — hypertensive disease - [Postpartum hypertension and preeclampsia — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/postpartum-hypertension-and-preeclampsia) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on persistent postpartum hypertension deteriorating on day 4: the candidate manages severe hypertension to a one-hour target, defends the magnesium dec (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — infection and sepsis - [Puerperal sepsis and endometritis — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/puerperal-sepsis-and-endometritis) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on puerperal sepsis: the WHO definition, the first-hour bundle with antibiotic names and the antitoxin role of clindamycin, source control, and the rec (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — lactation - [Lactation — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/lactation) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on early lactation difficulty: the candidate assesses attachment and the mastitis spectrum, explains the prolactin and oxytocin reflexes, gives the ant (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — perinatal mental health - [Postnatal mental health — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/postnatal-mental-health) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on puerperal psychosis presenting on day 4: the candidate recognises a psychiatric emergency, escalates to same-day psychiatric assessment and admissio (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — perineal health and wound care - [Perineal wound complications and breakdown — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/perineal-wound-complications-and-breakdown) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on perineal wound complications and breakdown after OASIS repair: candidate runs the NICE NG194 assessment, performs the rectal examination, decides th (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — recovery and perioperative care - [Recovery after operative birth — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/recovery-after-operative-birth-and-enhanced-recovery) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on enhanced recovery after caesarean in an obese woman: candidate runs the bundle element by element, defends the multimodal analgesia ladder with dose (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Postpartum care — routine and preventive - [Normal puerperium and postnatal care — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/normal-puerperium-and-postnatal-care) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on the normal puerperium: the 'feels dreadful with a normal chart' principle, the structured postnatal review, the NICE/WHO contact schedule, postpartu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Pre-pregnancy and antenatal care — placental disorders - [Placenta accreta spectrum — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/placenta-accreta-spectrum) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on placenta accreta spectrum: interpret a scan report, quantify the risk, assemble and justify a multidisciplinary plan, defend the operative sequence (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) - [Vasa praevia — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/vasa-praevia) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on vasa praevia in a twin pregnancy: classify the type, quantify the risk, defend the admission and timing decisions with the published evidence, run t (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-26) ### Professional practice - [Breaking bad news after early pregnancy loss — 12-minute structured oral station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/breaking-bad-news-and-perinatal-loss-communication) — FRANZCOG oral-format communication station on disclosing early pregnancy loss, immediate management choices, follow-up and pregnancy-after-loss planning, scored across the eight pu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — clinical governance, quality and patient safety - [Clinical governance — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/clinical-governance) — FRANZCOG oral station on the clinical-governance response to an intrapartum hypoxic event: the immediate 24-hour actions, a root cause analysis held to the system lens, open disclo (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Professional practice — ethics, law and regulation - [Medico-legal frameworks — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/medico-legal-frameworks) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on the full medico-legal framework — four-stage negligence analysis, the Bolam/Bolitho/Rogers/Montgomery chain, valid consent, documentation, the coron (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Professional practice — family and domestic violence, advocacy and safety - [Family and domestic violence — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/family-and-domestic-violence) — FRANZCOG oral station on family and domestic violence in pregnancy: candidate responds to a disclosure using the WHO LIVES framework, conducts a lethality risk assessment (Danger A (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Professional practice — patient safety and systems - [Human factors, teamwork and leadership on labour ward — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/human-factors-teamwork-and-leadership-on-labour-ward) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on human factors and CRM on labour ward: the candidate demonstrates the five CRM skills, structured communication (SBAR/iSoBAR, closed-loop, graded ass (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Reproductive endocrinology & infertility - [Anovulation and ovulation induction — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/anovulation-and-ovulation-induction) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on anovulation: the candidate assigns the WHO group, walks the letrozole-first ladder with PPCOS II data, describes the low-dose gonadotropin protocol (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Congenital uterine anomalies — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/congenital-uterine-anomalies) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on congenital uterine anomalies: candidate navigates the three classification systems, the prevalence variation and its mechanism, the ESHRE/ESGE diagn (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Fertility preservation — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/fertility-preservation) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on oncofertility in ER-positive breast cancer: candidate runs the urgent pathway, defends the letrozole 5 mg protocol with safety evidence, chooses ooc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Infertility — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/infertility) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on infertility: the candidate applies NICE NG257 (2026), interprets a semen analysis against WHO 6th-edition limits, runs the four-arm couple workup, a (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Intrauterine adhesions and Asherman syndrome — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/intrauterine-adhesions-and-asherman-syndrome) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on intrauterine adhesions / Asherman syndrome: pathophysiology, the diagnostic gold standard, procedure-specific incidence and recurrence (Munro 2025), (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [IVF add-ons and fertility preservation — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/ivf-add-ons-and-fertility-preservation) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on social egg freezing: realistic age-stratified prognosis, evidence-based add-on counselling, FET preparation, donor-oocyte conversation, and patient- (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [IVF and ART techniques — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/ivf-and-art-techniques) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on the OHSS prevention bundle: agonist trigger, luteal LH activity support, freeze-all, severe-OHSS admission management, and patient-centred communica (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC,MRCPI; updated=2026-07-28) - [Male-factor infertility — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/assessment-and-management-of-male-infertility) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on male-factor infertility: candidate interprets a semen analysis, plans the endocrine panel, runs the genetic cascade, and manages obstructive versus (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Male-factor infertility — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/male-factor-infertility) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on male-factor infertility: candidate frames the pre/testicular/post-testicular classification, interprets the endocrine panel, identifies the anabolic (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Pelvic-factor infertility — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/pelvic-factor-infertility-tubal-peritoneal) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on pelvic-factor infertility: candidate orders tubal patency tests by NICE NG257 (2026), plans pre-IVF management of hydrosalpinx, discusses hysterosco (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Recurrent implantation failure and ART adjuncts — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/recurrent-implantation-failure-and-art-adjuncts) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on recurrent implantation failure: candidate applies the ESHRE cumulative-chance definition, defends the PGT-A evidence (STAR, ASRM 2024), the endometr (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Tubal-factor infertility and tubal surgery — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/tubal-factor-infertility-and-tubal-surgery) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on tubal-factor infertility: candidate interprets an HSG showing a hydrosalpinx, justifies laparoscopic salpingectomy before IVF with evidence, disting (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Reproductive endocrinology & infertility — fertility-treatment complications - [OHSS after IVF trigger — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/ohss-and-fertility-treatment-complications) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on OHSS: severity grading using Golan-REI criteria, the acute resuscitation bundle, the prophylaxis ladder with the agonist trigger as the most effecti (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Reproductive endocrinology & infertility — third-party reproduction - [Donor conception and surrogacy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/donor-conception-surrogacy-and-social-infertility-frameworks) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on donor-oocyte IVF and surrogacy: candidate counsels on the donor and recipient pathways, the welfare-of-the-child gate, the verified obstetric and do (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Reproductive endocrinology and infertility - [Assisted reproductive technology — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/assisted-reproduction) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on assisted reproduction: the candidate frames the ART pathway, justifies the protocol (antagonist with agonist trigger) and embryo-transfer number (el (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/ovarian-hyperstimulation-syndrome) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on severe OHSS: the candidate triages a hyperpermeability emergency, explains the VEGF-driven pathophysiology, justifies fluid balance, paracentesis an (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Sexual & reproductive health - [Abortion — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/abortion) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on post-abortion complications and the legal-ethical frame: the candidate recognises septic retained products, defends the management with regimens, st (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) - [Abortion care — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/abortion-care) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on first-trimester abortion care: the candidate counsels method choice, defends the MS-2 Step regimen with dose and limit, sets method-specific analges (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Sexual and reproductive health - [Sexual dysfunction and dyspareunia — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/sexual-dysfunction-and-dyspareunia) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on dyspareunia: candidate takes a permission-based biopsychosocial sexual history, plans examination with consent, classifies the symptom, defends a mu (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Sexual and reproductive health — hormonal, non-hormonal and emergency contraception - [Emergency contraception — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/hormonal-and-non-hormonal-contraception-emergency-contraception) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on emergency contraception choice and bridge contraception. Scored against the eight published RANZCOG oral domains. (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-29) ### Urogynaecology — fistula - [Vesicovaginal fistula — 12-minute structured oral station](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/vesicovaginal-and-other-urinary-fistulae) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on post-hysterectomy vesicovaginal fistula: candidate takes a structured continence and surgical history, discriminates VVF from UVF with the methylene (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — infection - [Recurrent urinary tract infection — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/recurrent-urinary-tract-infection) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on recurrent UTI in a young sexually active woman: candidate takes a focused history, defends the diagnosis of recurrent re-infection, chooses the righ (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — lower urinary tract dysfunction - [Overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/overactive-bladder-and-urgency-incontinence) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on OAB: candidate defends the OAB/DO distinction, chooses mirabegron over further antimuscarinics for cognitive safety, escalates to intradetrusor onab (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) - [Voiding dysfunction and urinary retention — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/voiding-dysfunction-and-urinary-retention) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on post-natal voiding dysfunction: candidate decompresses the bladder, defines the differential using the four-bucket framework, plans the trial-withou (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — lower urinary tract evaluation - [Urodynamics — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/urodynamics) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on multichannel urodynamics: candidate defends the NICE NG123 do-not-do for primary SUI in uncomplicated presentation, then explains when the indicatio (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### Urogynaecology — maternal birth trauma and rehabilitation - [Pelvic floor after childbirth — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/pelvic-floor-after-childbirth) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on childbirth pelvic floor trauma: candidate recognises occult OASIS, defends the Sultan grading and repair evidence, places PFMT in its honest evidenc (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01) ### Urogynaecology — pelvic floor disorders - [Apical prolapse surgery — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/prolapse-surgical-management) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on apical prolapse surgery: candidate defends the route and procedure selection, quotes Maher 2023 and OPTIMAL, handles the mesh distinction, screens f (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC; updated=2026-08-01) - [Pelvic organ prolapse — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/prolapse) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on pelvic organ prolapse: candidate stages with the POP-Q, walks the conservative-to-surgical ladder with trial evidence, defends the occult-incontinen (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG,FRCSC; updated=2026-08-01) - [Stress urinary incontinence and midurethral sling — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/stress-urinary-incontinence-and-midurethral-slings) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on female stress urinary incontinence — candidate takes a focused history and examination, runs the stepwise ladder, defends the midurethral sling choi (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-07-28) ### gynae-surgery - [Operative laparoscopy — structured oral station (12 minutes)](https://medvellum.com/s/og/vivas/operative-laparoscopy) — FRANZCOG oral-format station on operative laparoscopy: the candidate talks through safe entry, manages a sudden cardiovascular collapse at insufflation, defends the entry-technique (exams=FRANZCOG,MRCOG,ABOG; updated=2026-08-01)